Continuous laser hardening with induction pre-heating

A novel way of continuous surface hardening of steel bodies by a laser beam is modeled. This heat treatment is supplemented with pre-heating of the hardened parts by a classic inductor in order to reduce the temperature gradients and subsequent mechanical stresses in the processed material. The mathematical model of the process is solved numerically in 3D and the solution respects all important nonlinearities (a saturation curve of the hardened steel and temperature dependences of its physical properties). The methodology is illustrated with a typical example, whose results are presented and discussed

DYNAMICS OF THE FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT DURING PRID TREATMENT AND QUALITY OF THE FOLLOWING SEXUAL CYCLEIN POSTPARTUM COWS

Abstract Dol e:t e I R.: Dynamics of the Follicular Development During PR1D Treatment and Quality of the Following Sexual Cycle in Postpartum Ten postpartum cows (Bohemian Pied Cattle) were treated by progesterone intravaginal device (PRID) for 10 days. Four untreated cows served as the control group. Transrectal ultrasonographical examination and sampling of milk and peripheral blood for milk progesterone and plasma estradiol assay were performed at 3 and 4 alternating intervals from the day 510 post partum to the 2nd postpartum ovulation. Follicles persisted during PRID treatment. Dominant follicles slowly grew and ovulated on the day 3 ± 0.63 after progesterone treatment in cows with follicular dominance at the term of PRID insertion and they ovulated on the day 5.3 ± 1.26 in cows without follicular dominance before PRID. Concentration of the plasma estradiol (42.9 ± 20.65 pglml) varied and concentration of the milk progesterone (0.8 ± 1.18 nglml) after the initial increase decreased during PRID treatment. Two and three follicular waves occurred before the 1st postpartum ovulation and during the 1st postpartum sexual cycle in the control cows. Concentration of plasma estradiol increased in relation with growth of the dominant follicles and the particular peaks gradually increased from parturition to the 2nd ovulation. Low concentration of the milk progesterone temporarily increased during the 1 st postpartum sexual cycle. We found the term of the 1st postpartum ovulation. the length of the 1st postpartum sexual cycle and the number of follicular waves during the sexual cycle in PRID treated cows and untreated cows 29.3 ± 3.89 : 23.8 ± 5.19 day post partum. 19.8 ± 2.44: 19.3 ± 1.71 days and 2.3 ± 0.48 : 2.5 ± 0.58 respectively. Dominant follicle. follicular wave. postpartum ovulation. postpartum sexual cycle. plasma estradiol. milk progesterone Progestagen treatment for several days (5-20 days) is one of the most successful methods of the estrus induction during anestrus period or the estrus synchronization during sexual cycle in animals. The progestagen treatment induces estrus with higher levels of the plasma estradiol and more expressive LH peak compared to the 1st spontaneous estrus and longer the 1 st sexual cycle with higher levels of the milk or plasma progesterone and lower levels of 13,14 dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F2alpha (PGFM) compared to the 1 st spontaneous sexual cycle in postpartum cows (T r 0 x eland K e s 1 e r 1984; Rut t e r et al.1985;Garcia-Winder etal.1987;Smith etal.1987;Mee etal.1991).Our previous work (D ole Z e 1 et al. 1993b) showed slow growth of the dominant ovarian follicles and stagnation of the subordinate follicles during 10 days progesterone intravaginal device application in early postpartum cows. The dominant follicles ovulated on the day 3 and 4 after progesterone treatment in cows with morphological follicular dominance at the term of progesterone intravaginal device insertion. Ovulation occurred later in cows without morphological follicular dominance before progesterone treatment. The purpose of the present experiment is to confirm our preliminary results and evaluation of quality of the follicular population using plasma estradiol assay

Genomic Constitution of \u3cem\u3eFestulolium\u3c/em\u3e Varieties

Hybrids between species of ryegrass (Lolium) and fescue (Festuca) combine useful agronomical characteristics such as rapid establishment from seed and fodder quality from ryegrass and tolerance against abiotic and biotic stressses from fescue. The superior potential of hybrids has stimulated breeding programs generating so called Festulolium varieties. While the varieties have been evaluated extensively for their agronomic characteristics, little information is publicly available on their genomic constitution. The aim of our study was to analyse genomic constitution of a representative set of commercially available European Festulolium cultivars. To do this, we have employed genomic in situ hybridization (GISH)

Gravity on de-Sitter 3-Brane, Induced Einstein-Hilbert Term and Massless Gravitons

We study the extensions of DGP model which are described by five-dimensional Einstein gravity coupled covariantly to 3-brane with induced gravity term and consider warped D=4 de Sitter background field solutions on the brane. The case with included D=5 AdS cosmological term is also considered. Following background field method we obtain the field equations described by the Lagrangean terms bilinear in gravitational field. In such a linear field approximation on curved dS background we calculate explicitly the five-dimensional massive terms as well as the mass-like ones on the brane. We investigate the eigenvalue problem of Schr\"{o}dinger-like equation in fifth dimension for graviton masses and discuss the existence of massless as well as massive graviton modes in the bulk and on the brane without and with induced gravity.Comment: LaTeX 26 pages, the version which appears in Class. Quant. Gra

Sequencing of 15 622 Gene-bearing BACs Clarifies the Gene-dense Regions of the Barley Genome

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) possesses a large and highly repetitive genome of 5.1 Gb that has hindered the development of a complete sequence. In 2012, the International Barley Sequencing Consortium released a resource integrating whole-genome shotgun sequences with a physical and genetic framework. However, because only 6278 bacterial artificial chromosome (BACs) in the physical map were sequenced, fine structure was limited. To gain access to the gene-containing portion of the barley genome at high resolution, we identified and sequenced 15 622 BACs representing the minimal tiling path of 72 052 physical-mapped gene-bearing BACs. This generated ~1.7 Gb of genomic sequence containing an estimated 2/3 of all Morex barley genes. Exploration of these sequenced BACs revealed that although distal ends of chromosomes contain most of the gene-enriched BACs and are characterized by high recombination rates, there are also gene-dense regions with suppressed recombination. We made use of published map-anchored sequence data from Aegilops tauschii to develop a synteny viewer between barley and the ancestor of the wheat D-genome. Except for some notable inversions, there is a high level of collinearity between the two species. The software HarvEST:Barley provides facile access to BAC sequences and their annotations, along with the barley–Ae. tauschii synteny viewer. These BAC sequences constitute a resource to improve the efficiency of marker development, map-based cloning, and comparative genomics in barley and related crops. Additional knowledge about regions of the barley genome that are gene-dense but low recombination is particularly relevant

Структура и твердость титанового сплава ВТ6, изготовленного методом аддитивных технологий

Работа посвящена новой отрасли производства и материаловедения – исследованию материалов, полученных методами аддитивного производства. Целью данной работы являлось сравнительный анализ различий в структуре, механических свойствах и взаимодействии с водородом титанового сплава ВТ6, полученного традиционным методом и методом аддитивного производства (EBM). В работе получены результаты, свидетельствующие об отличии свойств материалов, полученных традиционными методами и методами аддитивного производства.The work is devoted to a new branch of production and materials science - the study of materials obtained by additive production methods. The purpose of this work was a comparative analysis of differences in the structure, mechanical properties and interaction with hydrogen of a titanium alloy VT6 obtained by the traditional method and the additive production method (EBM). The results obtained in the work indicate the difference between the properties of materials obtained by traditional methods and additive production methods

A lineage-specific Exo70 is required for receptor kinase-mediated immunity in barley

In the evolution of land plants, the plant immune system has experienced expansion in immune receptor and signaling pathways. Lineage-specific expansions have been observed in diverse gene families that are potentially involved in immunity but lack causal association. Here, we show that Rps8-mediated resistance in barley to the pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (wheat stripe rust) is conferred by a genetic module: Pur1 and Exo70FX12, which are together necessary and sufficient. Pur1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase and is the ortho-log of rice Xa21, and Exo70FX12 belongs to the Poales-specific Exo70FX clade. The Exo70FX clade emerged after the divergence of the Bromeliaceae and Poaceae and comprises from 2 to 75 members in sequenced grasses. These results demonstrate the requirement of a lineage-specific Exo70FX12 in Pur1-mediated immunity and sug-gest that the Exo70FX clade may have evolved a specialized role in receptor kinase signalin