Cryogenic liquid level measuring probe

Universal probe, which contains a unique frequency discriminator, measures the static and dynamic levels of cryogenic liquids in a hydrogen bubble chamber. The probe allows boiling conditions or other turbulence to be observed throughout all the transition stages

Effects of Mating and Management Systems on Beef Production

In recent years there has been increased interest in crossbreeding of beef cattle and with the introduction of new breeds from the European continent increased interest in the use of larger and/or higher milking breeds in these crossbreeding systems. With the expected increase in nutrient requirements for maintenance and milk production associated with increased size of cow and increased milk production, changes in management practices need to be evaluated. This project was designed to evaluate the Simmental-Hereford and the Angus-Hereford two breed rotations and the straightbred Hereford, with all three groups receiving either usual herd management (regular) or a higher level of management consisting of a higher energy level for developing replacement heifers during their first winter and a flush each year at breeding time extending from 30 days prior to the breeding season and carrying 20 days into the breeding season (super)

The Effects of Mating and Management Systems on Beed Production Angus-Charolais Crossbreeding Project

Angus and Charolais heifers purchased in 1968 as weaning calves were used to initiate a crossbreeding project at Brookings. In phase I of this project these heifers were mated by artificial insemination to either an Angus or Charolais bull to produce straightbred Angus, straightbred Charolais, Angus x Charolais and Charolais x Angus calves. (Crosses are denoted in this report with breed of sire listed first.) Three such calf crops have been produced. The heifers from these three calf crops are being used in phase II of the project which consists of a long-term comparison of straightbred and crossbred cows in two environments, pasture and drylot. Individual feed consumption from weaning through the duration of the project is being obtained on heifers assigned to the drylot portion of the study. In addition, individual feed consumption from weaning to slaughter will be measured on all offspring from phase II drylot cows

Effect of Temporary Calf Separation on Day of First Service and Conception at First Service

Results of several experiments have indicated the possible effectiveness of temporary calf separations from the cow, both in bringing cows into estrus early and in some cases improving conception rate. It has been demonstrated that frequency of lactation affects the reproductive ability of the cow and it is thought these temporary separations might be involved in this manner. The technique is a part of one of the currently used research methods in estrus synchronization and appears to be useful in conjunction with the hormone treatment. This study was undertaken to determine if calf separation technique would be useful when synchronization was not being attempted

Crossbreeding Effects on Growth and Carcass Traits of Beef Calves

The cow-calf efficiency project described elsewhere in this bulletin (A.S. Series 75-42) required the production of straightbred and crossbred heifers sired by two bulls, one each from the Angus and Charolais breeds. The purpose of this study was to summarize growth and carcass data from these first crosses. Because the breeds are represented by only one sire, breed comparisons should not be made from these data

Evaluation of Cow-Calf Efficiency to Weaning

There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in the relationship between cow size and efficiency. Researchers have determined that maintenance feed requirements are greater for large cows. This finding has furthered the belief that efficiency through weaning is highly dependent upon cow size. It must be pointed out, however, that other studies have generally shown heavier cows produce heavier calves at weaning. It is the purpose of this report to examine feed requirements to produce a unit of weaning weight with regard to size and breed of cows

Agricultural Research at the Antelope Range Field Station: A Progress Report

South Dakota State College research workers, with the help of the Field Station Advisory Council and the cooperation of the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish, and Parks, began planning and establishing experimental projects at the Antelope Range Field Station in 1947. The Range Station consists of 7,920 acres of range Janel in east-central Harding County. A large part of this tract, 6,680 acres, is under the control of the state office of School and Public Lands; 1,120 acres are owned by the Department of Game, Fish and Parks; and 120 acres are privately owned by a neighbor. Prior to 1946 the preserve area was leased for grazing to private interests. The 1957 Legislature authorized the exchange of the 1,120 acres owned by the Game, Fish and Parks Department for School and Public Lands located elsewhere in the state. Negotiations to accomplish the land exchange are in progress at the time of this writing. The station lies 2 miles south of Highway No. 8 on the west side of the Slim Buttes. The land is rolling prairie, deeply cut in some places by intermittent streams, and unsuitable for most agricultural purposes except grazing. This area was originally organized as an antelope preserve and for many years was operated as such under the control of the Game, Fish and Parks Department. In the fall of 1946, at the request of livestock men of western South Dakota, representing the Western South Dakota Sheep Growers\u27 Association, the Cooperative wool Growers\u27 of South Dakota, the Black Hills\u27 Protective Association, Harding County Livestock Improvement Association, South Dakota Purebred Sheep Breeders Association, and the South Dakota Stockgrowers\u27 Association, the Game, Fish and Parks Commission entered into an agreement to permit the South Dakota State College Agricultural Experiment Station to use the Antelope Range Preserve as a livestock experiment field station for range research in problems dealing with beef cattle, sheep, and antelope. Representatives of the organizations formed an advisory council to assist in developing the station and suggesting problems that needed research study. The orginal advisory committee and the animal husbandry department research men compiled a list of 21 major problems that would be suitable for development at the Antelope Range Field Station, although not all of these could be handled at once. Actual research work was started in 1947. The first experimental livestock with which the ranch was stocked were sheep, but within the first year a cow herd was added. Of the 21 problems suggested, parasitism in sheep, stocking rate and rotational grazing studies with sheep, supplements for wintering pregnant ewes, and beef cattle breeding research were the ones undertaken and upon which sufficient data have been collected to warrant publication of the results. Many of these studies are still underway. One of the early goals was to discover basic information on compatibility of sheep and antelope grazing on the same range in respect to carrying capacity of the range, parasites common to both species, and the host parasite interrelationships. Unfortunately this work has yielded little information because of difficulties in handling antelope either in captivity or under controlled conditions on range pastures. The other experiments have been carried forward and the results to date are reported in this bulletin

Border Effects in House Prices

This article estimates the effect of the Dutch–German border on house prices. We argue that the difference between house prices at the border indicates the willingness to pay to stay in a country compared to living across the border. After a change in the tax rules in 2001, migration from the Netherlands to Germany increased substantially and the gradient of Dutch house price towards the German border steepened. Combining a German and Dutch real estate dataset and using different estimation strategies, we find that asking prices of comparable housing drop by about 16% when one crosses the Dutch–German border

An Examination of Estimated BMI and Perceived Wellness among Students at a Midsized Midwest University

Health is complex and the perception of individual wellness can be influenced by various factors. Students at a Midwestern university estimated their BMI, completed the Perceived Wellness Survey, and had their BMI calculated. Measured BMI was significantly higher than estimated [F(2,155) = 62.03, p = 0.001]. Associations existed between the measured constructs of psychological (r = -0.231; p = 0.004), spiritual (r = 0.248; p = 0.002), and estimated BMI. Data indicates that perceived body composition is related to wellness. False perception of body composition could lead to wellness deficiencies

Mental health mobile app use: Considerations for serving underserved patients in integrated primary care settings

Depression, the most commonly experienced mental illness, affects more than 264 million people and is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide [1]. Depression, or major depressive disorder, is characterized by depressed mood and often accompanies other symptoms such as lack of interest, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, impaired thinking, psychomotor agitation or slowing, thoughts of being better off dead and/or of suicide [2]. According to the 2018 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 17.7 million or 7.7% of U.S. adults met the criteria for having a major depressive episode in the past year [3]. The prevalence of depression is closely related to socioeconomic factors and prevalence increases as family income level decreases. For example, 19.8% of women aged 20 years and older living below the federal poverty level (FPL) experience depression compared to only 4.8% of those living at or above 400% of the FPL [4]. Despite the availability of safe and effective treatments, many adults diagnosed with depressive disorders do not receive treatment [5]. Of the 17.7 million adults (≥ 18 years) meeting criteria for a major depressive disorder in the past year, only 64.8% reported having received treatment for depression [3]. There are disparities in receipt of treatment for mental health care, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups. Only about 30% of African American and Hispanic adults (≤18 years) with any mental illness receive treatment, compared to 43.3% of the overall U.S. population [3]. Further, for those with lower education, the odds of receiving treatment declined (women) or remained stable (men) between 2005 and 2014 [6]