Experimental and 3D Finite Element Analysis of a Slotless Air-Cored Axial Flux PMSG for Wind Turbine Application

In this research paper, the performance of an air-cored axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator is evaluated for low speed, direct drive applications using 3D finite element modeling and experimental tests. The structure of the considered machine consists of double rotor and coreless stator, which results in the absence of core losses, reduction of stator weight and elimination of cogging torque. In addition, the generator output voltage is sinusoidal in low speed operation and has a linear relationship with rotor speed, which makes it a suitable option for wind turbine applications. The simulation results of the proposed generator coincide very well with the experimental results on a system realized in the laboratory

Removal of styrene from waste gas stream using a biofilter

280 tyrene is produced in large quantities in the chemical industries and its monomer constitutes the building block for the production of polystyrene, styrene copolymers, polyester resins, and rubber. It is also used in the production of fiberglass boats, storage tanks, pipes, shower units and car parts. Besides the known industrial releases from the production and processing units, styrene is also generated in smaller quantities from other sources such as natural microbial and fungal metabolism, cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and the pyrolysis and cracking of petroleum and its derivatives S Original Article Removal of styrene from waste gas stream using a biofilter B. Bina*, R.Dehghanzadeh *, H. Pourmoghadas *, A.Kalantary *, A.Torkian** ABSTRACT Background: Styrene is produced in large quantities in the chemical industries and it has been listed among the 189 hazardous and toxic atmospheric contaminants under Clean Air Act Amendments, 1990, due to its adverse effects on human health. The biofiltration has been widely and efficiently applied during recent decades for the treatment of air streams contaminated by volatile organic compounds at low concentrations. Also this technology has been applied widely and efficiently in the removal of styrene from waste gas streams

Abatement of styrene waste gas emission by biofilter and biotrickling filter: comparison of packing materials and inoculation procedures

The removal of styrene was studied using 2 biofilters packed with peat and coconut fibre (BF1-P and BF2-C, respectively) and 1 biotrickling filter (BTF) packed with plastic rings. Two inoculation procedures were applied: an enriched culture with strain Pseudomonas putida CECT 324 for biofilters and activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant for the BTF. Inlet loads (ILs) between 10 and 45 g m-3 h-1 and empty bed residence times (EBRTs) from 30 to 120 s were applied. At inlet concentrations ranging between 200 and 400 mg Nm-3, removal efficiencies between 70 and 95% were obtained in the 3 bioreactors. Maximum elimination capacities (ECs) of 81 and 39 g m-3 h-1 were obtained for the first quarter of the BF1-P and BF2-C, respectively (IL of 173 g m-3 h-1 and EBRT of 60 s in BF1-P; IL of 89 g m-3 h-1 and EBRT of 90 s in BF2-C). A maximum EC of 52 g m-3 h-1 was obtained for the first third of the BTF (IL of 116 g m-3 h-1, EBRT of 45 s). Problems regarding high pressure drop appeared in the peat biofilter, whereas drying episodes occurred in the coconut fibre biofilter. DGGE revealed that the pure culture used for biofilter inoculation was not detected by day 105. Although 2 different inoculation procedures were applied, similar styrene removal at the end of the experiments was observed. The use as inoculum of activated sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant appears a more feasible option

Giving Alternatives for Improvement of Qualitative Features of Mehran River in Tabriz for Reuse

Backgrounds and Objectives: Shortage of available water resource and deficiency of rainfall, increasing in population growth and industrial development, suitable use of water resources and pollution prevention is an essential issue in accord with sustainable development and environmental protection. Present study shows the qualitative status ofMehran River and determines its pollution or non pollution tomunicipal wastewater and to assess qualitative characteristics of the water according to international water quality index."nMaterials and Methods:Padding strand of MEHRAN River from source to end has been done for wistful determination of branches, runoff and wastewater entrances, etc. Necessary decisions were made for determining sampling points and critical and effective points on water quality then water samples were analyzed to determine chemical and microbiological characteristics."nResults: Results showed the average of BOD5, COD, TSS, NO3, DO, pH, Turbidity and color are about 80±30, 155±58, 1013±637, 7.3±2, 4.5±3.5 mg/l, 7.2 ±1, 385±238 NTU, 122±70 TCU respectively."nConclusion: It could be concluded that the Mehran River is completely polluted with municipal sewage and is unsanitary.Water quality index varies in the range of 41-52 and the water is classified as number 4. At present the river is in a dangerous ore toxic state and could not be considered as drinking water resource or needs more advanced water treatment units

Interaction Of Acrylonitrile Vapors On A Bench Scale Biofilter Treating Styrene-Polluted Waste Gas Streams

Considering concurrent use of styrene and acrylonitrile as raw materials in the production of synthetic resins and plastic and their associated differences in physiochemical properties and biodegradability, our experiments were conducted in a three-stage downflow bench-scale biofilter to study the potential suppressive effects of acrylonitrile on styrene removal. A Mixture of yard waste compost and shredded plastics and activated sludge was used as bed media. Gas phase concentration of styrene and acrylonitrile was determined via gas chromatographic analysis. Under steady-state conditions, maximum elimination capacity of styrene and acrylonitrile was 44 and 120 g/m3 h, respectively. The effect of moisture was very significant in reducing the specific adsorptive capacity (µg/g of bed media) of styrene and acrylonitrile. The bed media with 60% moisture content lost styrene absorption capacities by more than one order of magnitude when compared to dry media. The existence of water increased the absorption capacity of medium for acrylonitrile about 95%. Styrene elimination capacity of the biofilter during co-treatment was less as compared to pure styrene biodegradation indicating the likelihood of inhibitory kinetics. Introduction of acrylonitrile into the air stream reduced elimination capacity of styrene to 103 g/m3 h. The adverse impact on removal rate of acrylonitrile due to the presence of styrene in the gas stream was minimal. Carbon-equivalent removal for the system amounted to about 85 g C/m3 h at empty bed retention time of 120 s

Assessing knowledge and practice of food producers, retailers and consumers of food labels in Bostanabad

Awareness of the information provided on food labels is important and will help the consumers to select standard food packaging. This knowledge can lead to improving the diet and health in the community. This study was carried out to determine the knowledge and practice of food producer retailers and consumers of food labels in Bostanabad, East-Azarbaijan province. In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, 1013 individuals were selected through random selection. Data on demographics and knowledge and practice of food retailers and consumers were collected by filling in a questionnaire and the results were compared. The age of participants ranged 16-65 years old and majority of them were between 40 and 60 years of age. According to the results, 75.7% of the participants read food labels during shopping.  Amongst mostly considered food labels to observe the production and expiry dates on labels. A minority of the participants read food labels for nutritional information, product weight, types of additives and artificial colors, etc. The results showed that knowledge of people about the nutritional information on food labels is very slight. Due to the high impact of nutritional knowledge on the performance of people, having an idea about the individual’s attention to the information on food labels is essential. It is important to achieve the proper nutritional behavior and reduce the risk of adverse effects associated with packaged foods