Development of innovative embedding procedures for the analyses of paint cross sections in ATR FITR microscopy

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Mapeamento do locos de resistência à ferrugem asiática no genótipo PI 200526 (SHIRANUI).

Autoria: ARIAS, C. C. [i.e. A.]

Validação de marcadores moleculares microssatélites ligados ao gene Rps1-k de resistência à podridão radicular de fitóftora em soja.

O fungo Phytophthora sojae constitui uma das principais doenças que limitam a produtividade da soja. Com isso esse trabalho objetivou a validação de marcadores moleculares microssatélites ligados ao gene Rps1-k, que confere resistência a P. sojae, para serem utilizados no programa de seleção assistida ao melhoramento. Para identificar marcadores ligados ao gene que confere resistência a fitófora, uma população segregante F2 de 138 individuos foram produzidos a partir do cruzamento entre Williams82 (Rps1-k) e BRS133 (suscetível). Os resultados das análises fenotípicas apresentaram 108 individuos resistentes e 30 suscetíveis na geração F2, e o teste de qui-quadrado se ajustou de acordo com a proporção esperada de 3 resistentes: 1 suscetível, sugerindo que a herança de Rps1-k é controlada por um gene dominante de herança monogênica. Cinco marcadores microssatélites foram analisados como ligados ao gene Rps1-k, no cromossomo 3 da soja, sendo o marcador Satt641 posicionado o mais próximo do gene com distância genética de 6,4cM. Assim este marcador pode conferir uma importante estratégia na seleção de genótipos brasileiros de soja resistentes à podridão radicular por fitóftora

Postharvest Ozone Fumigation of Grapes (cv Sangiovese) Differently Affects Volatile Organic Compounds and Polyphenol Profiles of Berries and Wine

Consumers are more and more oriented towards the purchase of safer food and beverages, which is pushing the wine sector to find alternatives to the use of sulfur dioxide. Ozone (O3) is already applied in the wine industry to produce sulfur dioxide-free wines through the patented method Purovino®. The aim of this two-year study was that of evaluating whether the postharvest treatment of grapes with ozone affects volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polyphenol profile in berries, and in turn, wine composition. Grape bunches (Vitis vinifera L.) of cv Sangiovese were fumigated overnight with gaseous ozone (max 20 g·h−1 with 6% w.w−1 of ozone) in a cold room at 4°C (±0.5). After treatment, grapes were processed into wine. In grapes, ozone treatments increased total polyphenol and flavonoid content and upregulated specific genes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, VvPAL, flavanol synthase 1, and VvFLS1) involved in polyphenol biosynthesis. Wine obtained from ozone-treated grapes had higher flavanol content than the control. Fumigation only slightly affected the different VOC classes of grapes and wine, including aroma compounds derived from the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway. Although a season-dependent effect was observed, results showed that postharvest ozone treatments applied to avoid the use of sulfur dioxide introduced limited but, in general, positive modifications to grape and wine composition. This information provides assurance to winemakers that the maintenance of wine quality and typicity will be guaranteed when using ozone treatments

Digital restoration of colour cinematic films using imaging spectroscopy and machine learning

Digital restoration is a rapidly growing methodology within the field of heritage conservation, especially for early cinematic films which have intrinsically unstable dye colourants that suffer from irreversible colour fading. Although numerous techniques to restore film digitally have emerged recently, complex degradation remains a challenging problem. This paper proposes a novel vector quantization (VQ) algorithm for restoring movie frames based on the acquisition of spectroscopic data with a custom-made push-broom VNIR hyperspectral camera (380–780 nm). The VQ algorithm utilizes what we call a multi-codebook that correlates degraded areas with corresponding non-degraded ones selected from reference frames. The spectral-codebook was compared with a professional commercially available film restoration software (DaVinci Resolve 17) tested both on RGB and on hyperspectral providing better results in terms of colour reconstruction

Observations of GRB 990123 by the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

GRB 990123 was the first burst from which simultaneous optical, X-ray and gamma-ray emission was detected; its afterglow has been followed by an extensive set of radio, optical and X-ray observations. We have studied the gamma-ray burst itself as observed by the CGRO detectors. We find that gamma-ray fluxes are not correlated with the simultaneous optical observations, and the gamma-ray spectra cannot be extrapolated simply to the optical fluxes. The burst is well fit by the standard four-parameter GRB function, with the exception that excess emission compared to this function is observed below ~15 keV during some time intervals. The burst is characterized by the typical hard-to-soft and hardness-intensity correlation spectral evolution patterns. The energy of the peak of the nu f_nu spectrum, E_p, reaches an unusually high value during the first intensity spike, 1470 +/- 110 keV, and then falls to \~300 keV during the tail of the burst. The high-energy spectrum above ~MeV is consistent with a power law with a photon index of about -3. By fluence, GRB 990123 is brighter than all but 0.4% of the GRBs observed with BATSE, clearly placing it on the -3/2 power-law portion of the intensity distribution. However, the redshift measured for the afterglow is inconsistent with the Euclidean interpretation of the -3/2 power-law. Using the redshift value of >= 1.61 and assuming isotropic emission, the gamma-ray fluence exceeds 10E54 ergs.Comment: Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal. 16 pages including 4 figure

Multi-modal detection of fetal movements using a wearable monitor

The importance of Fetal Movement (FM) patterns as a biomarker for fetal health has been extensively argued in obstetrics. However, the inability of current FM monitoring methods, such as ultrasonography, to be used outside clinical environments has made it challenging to understand the nature and evolution of FM. A small body of work has introduced wearable sensor-based FM monitors to address this gap. Despite promises in controlled environments, reliable instrumentation to monitor FM out-of-clinic remains unresolved, particularly due to the challenges of separating FMs from interfering artifacts arising from maternal activities. To date, efforts have been focused almost exclusively on homogenous (single) sensing and information fusion modalities, such as decoupled acoustic or accelerometer sensors. However, FM and related signal artifacts have varying power and frequency bandwidths that homogeneous sensor arrays may not capture or separate efficiently. In this investigation, we introduce a novel wearable FM monitor with an embedded heterogeneous sensor suite combining accelerometers, acoustic sensors, and piezoelectric diaphragms designed to capture a broad range of FM and interfering artifact signal features enabling more efficient isolation of both. We further outline a novel data fusion architecture combining data-dependent thresholding and machine learning to automatically detect FM and separate it from signal artifacts in real-world (home) environments. The performance of the device and the data fusion architecture are validated using 33 h of at-home use through concurrent recording of maternal perception of FM. The FM monitor detected an impressive 82 % of maternally sensed FMs with an overall accuracy of 90 % in recognizing FM and non-FM events. Consistency of detection was strongest from 32 gestational weeks onwards, which overlaps with the critical FM monitoring window for stillbirth prevention. We believe the multi-modal sensor fusion approach presented in this research will be a major milestone in the development of low-cost wearable FM monitors enabling pervasive monitoring of FM in unsupervised environments

Recycling of multilayer packaging waste with switchable anionic surfactants

Switchable Anionic Surfactants (SAS) were used for delaminating flexible packaging waste composed of various plastic layers and aluminium, thereby promoting the recycling of such waste streams from a circular economy perspective. The delamination protocol was optimized on de-pulped food and beverage cartons containing low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminium, varying the carboxylic acid and its counterion constituting the SAS (C8[sbnd]C18 carboxylic acids as the anionic part; inorganic bases and primary, secondary and tertiary amines as the cationic one) their molar ratio (carboxylic acid: base molar ratio from 1:1 to 1:3), SAS concentration (0.15, 0.3 and 0.5 wt%), time (0.5–3 h) and material weight in input (1–10 wt%). High-quality LDPE and aluminium were separated and recovered by using a diluted solution of a surfactant based on lauric acid and triethanolamine (C12-TEA), with performances not achievable with other anionic or cationic surfactants available on the market. The C12-TEA solution was then applied to a large variety of multilayer waste materials composed of polypropylene and aluminium, polyolefins/polyethylene terephthalate/aluminium, giving a material separation dependant on the structure and composition of the material in input. At the end of the process, lauric acid was recovered from the aqueous solution used for washing the separated materials by tuning its water solubility with CO2

Phenolic compounds accumulation in soybean plants in response to Phakopsora pachyrhizi.

Asian soybean rust (ASR) is a soybean disease caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow. The phenylpropanoid pathway is involved in many biological processes including the defense response to the fungus. This pathway results in the production of lignin and phytoalexins, which are an important defense against pathogens and insects. In the present work, we used high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure the production of compounds in the phenylpropanoid pathway in leaves of the resistant soybean genotype (PI459025B, Rpp4). Plants were either infected with P. pachyrhizi or mock infected with water, and leaf tissue was collected at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 161, 308 and 504 hours after inoculation (hai). Phenolic peak quantification was carried out by estimating the area of each detected peak from all wavelengths or their relative proportion compared to the estimated total phenolic level. ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey?s Honestly Significant Difference test was used to identify significant differences (P<.05) between treatments and time points. This study allowed identification of the conjugated isoflavones daidzin, malonyl daidzin and malonyl genistin and the isoflavones dadzein and glycitein. In addition, we identified several phenolic acids including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid. The present study revealed many quantitative changes in the soluble phenolic profile of soybean in response to fungus inoculation and the accumulation of specific compounds varied over the infection time course