13,063 research outputs found
Maltrato infantil y representaciones de apego: defensas, memoria y estrategias, una revisión
Rodriguez, AF (Fresno Rodriguez, Andres); Contreras, RS (Spencer Contreras, Rosario); Castro, TR (Retamal Castro, Tania). Univ Talca, Fac Psicol, Talca, Chile.The aim of this paper is a review of the literature about the influence of child abuse on the formation of attachment representations. It describes the main theoretical assumptions about the effects of abuse on the defensive processes, memory systems and attachment strategies. These elements are discussed trough the presentation of an integrative model which is contrasted with empirical studies. It shows that child abuse affects the quality of attachment representations; however the studies do not take in to account all the complexity of the phenomenon of abuse. Theoretical issues discussed in this paper are marginally tested in the research reported
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Mesenchymal stem cells and their use as cell replacement therapy and disease modelling tool.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult somatic tissues may differentiate in vitro and in vivo into multiple mesodermal tissues including bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, tendon, ligament or even muscle. MSCs preferentially home to damaged tissues where they exert their therapeutic potential. A striking feature of the MSCs is their low inherent immunogenicity as they induce little, if any, proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. Instead, MSCs appear to be immunosuppressive in vitro. Their multilineage differentiation potential coupled to their immuno-privileged properties is being exploited worldwide for both autologous and allogeneic cell replacement strategies. Here, we introduce the readers to the biology of MSCs and the mechanisms underlying immune tolerance. We then outline potential cell replacement strategies and clinical applications based on the MSCs immunological properties. Ongoing clinical trials for graft-versus-host-disease, haematopoietic recovery after co-transplantation of MSCs along with haematopoietic stem cells and tissue repair are discussed. Finally, we review the emerging area based on the use of MSCs as a target cell subset for either spontaneous or induced neoplastic transformation and, for modelling non-haematological mesenchymal cancers such as sarcomas
Is there a tensionless Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class above one dimension? An Ising model approach
The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation is a paradigm of generic scale
invariance, for which it represents a conspicuous universality class. Recently,
the tensionless case of this equation has been shown to provide a different
universality class by itself. This class describes the -- intrinsically
anomalous -- scaling of one-dimensional (1D) fronts for several physical
systems that feature ballistic dynamics. In this work, we show that the
evolution of certain 1D fronts defined for a 2D Ising system also belongs to
the tensionless KPZ universality class. Nevertheless, the Ising fronts exhibit
multiscaling, at variance with the continuous equation. The discrete nature of
these fronts provides an alternative approach to assess the dynamics for the 2D
front case (for a 3D Ising system), since the direct integration of the
tensionless KPZ equation blows up in this case. In spite of the agreement
between the 1D scaling of the Ising fronts and the tensionless KPZ equation,
the fluctuation statistics in 1D and the full behavior in 2D are strongly
conditioned by boundary effects.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Mobile sensing for behavioral research: A component-based approach for rapid deployment of sensing campaigns
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partially funded by the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) in Mexico through a scholarship provided to I.R.F. Also, this work was partially funded by the Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora (ITSON) through the PROFAPI program.Collecting experimental data from multiple sensing devices has just recently become quite popular in behavioral and
social sciences. Among existing devices, mobile phones stand out as they allow researchers to collect data from individuals
in an unbiased, precise, unobtrusive, and timely manner. Current mobile sensing applications are typically developed
from scratch, provide no reusable components, and frequently do not take advantage of the devices’ processing capabilities.
In light of such limitations, this work presents a novel tool that leverages mobile phones not only to collect data via
their sensors but also to process them on the device as soon as they are gathered. The tool provides researchers with
easy-to-use services that allow them to configure the required processing routines on the mobile phones. This work
proposes a new approach for rapid deployment of sensing campaigns targeted at scientists with basic technical knowledge
and requiring low effort. We performed an evaluation aimed at determining whether there is a significant improvement
in terms of user effectiveness and efficiency in the definition of new components. The results suggest that the
proposed tool speeds up the time and reduces the effort taken for setting up and deploying a sensing campaign
Consumption of Acorns by Finishing Iberian Pigs and Their Function in the Conservation of the Dehesa Agroecosystem
For which infants with viral bronchiolitis could it be deemed appropriate to use albuterol, at least on a therapeutic trial basis?
Although there is increasing evidence showing that infants with viral bronchiolitis exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity, a core uncertainty shared by many clinicians is with regard to understanding which patients are most likely to benefit from bronchodilators such as albuterol. Based on our review, we concluded that older infants with rhinovirus (RV) bronchiolitis, especially those with a nasopharyngeal microbiome dominated by Haemophilus influenzae; those affected during nonpeak months or during non-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) predominant months; those with wheezing at presentation; those with clinical characteristics such as atopic dermatitis or a family history of asthma in a first-degree relative; and those infants infected with RSV genotypes ON1 and BA, have the greatest likelihood of benefiting from albuterol. Presently, this patient profile could serve as the basis for rational albuterol administration in patients with viral bronchiolitis, at least on a therapeutic trial basis, and it could also be the starting point for future targeted randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the use of albuterol among a subset of infants with bronchiolitis
Determinación del eje de la carretera y la distancia de visibilidad utilizando datos GPS y herramientas SIG
Hoy en día, tanto en el proceso de diseño de las carreteras como en el análisis del funcionamiento de las ya
construidas, se está dando cada vez más importancia a la seguridad vial. Entre los distintos aspectos que se
consideran se encuentra la distancia de visibilidad. Por otra parte, uno de los problemas que aparecen en la práctica
al tratar de analizar carreteras en servicio es la falta de datos de la geometría del eje que estén actualizados y
tengan la precisión requerida. En esta comunicación se presenta un procedimiento para determinar el eje de la
carretera mediante información GPS y calcular la distancia de visibilidad aplicando herramientas SIG. El
procedimiento se ha aplicado a un tramo de carretera convencional de doble sentido de circulación.
El método propuesto puede ser especialmente útil en aquellas carreteras en servicio y de las que, por no contar
con la información sobre su trazado (original o posteriores modificaciones), no es posible utilizar los programas de
diseño de carreteras para el cálculo de la distancia de visibilidad.Nowadays road safety aspects are very important, both for the designing process and for the analysis of already
built roads. Sight distance is one of the most important road safety aspects to consider. On the other hand, the
geometric definition of already built roads is one of the most difficult issues that arise in practice. This road geometry
must be accurate and up to date. In this paper, a procedure to determine the alignment of a road using a GPS and to
calculate sight distances using GIS tools is presented. Also, the use of this procedure in a two-lane rural road is
described.
The proposed method can be especially useful for those roads whose design data are not available because, on
them, road design software could not be used for sight distance calculation
Intracluster stars in the Virgo cluster core
We have investigated the properties of the diffuse light in the Virgo cluster
core region, based on the detection of intracluster planetary nebulae (PNe) in
four fields. We eliminate the bias from misclassified faint continuum objects,
using improved Monte Carlo simulations, and the contaminations by high redshift
Ly galaxies, using the Ly luminosity function in blank fields.
Recent spectroscopic observations confirm that our photometric PN samples are
well-understood. We find that the diffuse stellar population in the Virgo core
region is inhomogeneous on scales of 30'-90': there exist significant
field-to-field variations in the number density of PNe and the inferred amount
of intracluster light, with some empty fields, some fields dominated by
extended Virgo galaxy halos, and some fields dominated by the true intracluster
component. There is no clear trend with distance from M87. The mean surface
luminosity density, its rms variation, and the mean surface brightness of
diffuse light in our 4 fields are L
arcmin, L arcmin, and
mag arcsec respectively. Our results indicate that
the Virgo cluster is a dynamically young environment, and that the intracluster
component is associated at least partially with local physical processes like
galaxy interactions or harassment. We also argue, based on kinematic evidence,
that the so-called 'over-luminous' PNe in the halo of M84 are dynamically
associated with this galaxy, and must thus be brighter than and part of a
different stellar population from the normal PN population in elliptical
galaxies.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figure. In press on the Astronomical Journa
Fossil group origins V. The dependence of the luminosity function on the magnitude gap
In nature we observe galaxy aggregations that span a wide range of magnitude
gaps between the two first-ranked galaxies of a system (). There
are systems with gaps close to zero (e.g., the Coma cluster), and at the other
extreme of the distribution, the largest gaps are found among the so-called
fossil systems. Fossil and non-fossil systems could have different galaxy
populations that should be reflected in their luminosity functions. In this
work we study, for the first time, the dependence of the luminosity function
parameters on using data obtained by the fossil group origins
(FOGO) project. We constructed a hybrid luminosity function for 102 groups and
clusters at . We stacked all the individual luminosity functions,
dividing them into bins of , and studied their best-fit
Schechter parameters. We additionally computed a relative luminosity function,
expressed as a function of the central galaxy luminosity, which boosts our
capacity to detect differences, especially at the bright end. We find trends as
a function of at both the bright and faint ends of the
luminosity function. In particular, at the bright end, the larger the magnitude
gap, the fainter the characteristic magnitude . We also find
differences at the faint end. In this region, the larger the gap, the flatter
the faint-end slope . The differences found at the bright end support a
dissipationless, dynamical friction-driven merging model for the growth of the
central galaxy in group- and cluster-sized halos. The differences in the faint
end cannot be explained by this mechanism. Other processes, such as enhanced
tidal disruption due to early infall and/or prevalence of eccentric orbits, may
play a role. However, a larger sample of systems with is
needed to establish the differences at the faint end.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Fossil Groups Origins III. The relation between optical and X-ray luminosities
This study is part of the FOssil Groups Origin (FOGO) project which aims at
carrying out a systematic and multiwavelength study of a large sample of fossil
systems. Here we focus on the relation between the optical luminosity (Lopt)
and X-ray luminosity (Lx). Out of a sample of 28 candidate fossil systems, we
consider a sample of 12 systems whose fossil classification has been confirmed
by a companion study. They are compared with the complementary sample of 16
systems whose fossil nature is not confirmed and with a subsample of 102 galaxy
systems from the RASS-SDSS galaxy cluster survey. Fossil and normal systems
span the same redshift range 0<z<0.5 and have the same Lx distribution. For
each fossil system, the Lx in the 0.1-2.4 keV band is computed using data from
the ROSAT All Sky Survey. For each fossil and normal system we homogeneously
compute Lopt in the r-band within the characteristic cluster radius, using data
from the SDSS DR7. We sample the Lx-Lopt relation over two orders of magnitude
in Lx. Our analysis shows that fossil systems are not statistically
distinguishable from the normal systems both through the 2D KS test and the fit
of the Lx-Lopt relation. The optical luminosity of the galaxy system does
strongly correlate with the X-ray luminosity of the hot gas component,
independently of whether the system is fossil or not. We conclude that our
results are consistent with the classical "merging scenario" of the brightest
galaxy formed via merger/cannibalism of other group galaxies, with conservation
of the optical light. We find no evidence for a peculiar state of the hot
intracluster medium.Comment: A&A, 12 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, typos corr. and paper re-numbe
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