The Effects of Suspended Sediment on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Metabolism

Sedimentation is recognized as a significant environmental stressor in aquatic ecosystems and high amounts of suspended sediments (SS) in streams are known to negatively affect aquatic organisms. In particular, it has been hypothesized that many fish species mayexhibit increased respiration rates when exposed to elevated SS. To evaluate this hypothesis, we evaluated the acute response (3 hour exposure) of two small, freshwater fish species exposed to high suspended sediment loads using experimental respirometry chambers which measure oxygen consumption as a proxy of metabolism. Our results indicate that Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) did not exhibit a significantly greater oxygen consumption, as compared to control fish, when exposed to chamber sediment of 0.17 g/L (p-value of 0.41), though oxygen consumption was higher for sediment treatments. However, mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to 0.17 g/L did exhibit noticeably greater oxygen consumption compared to fish in no-sediment control test, but not at statistically significant levels (p-value of 0.07). Further study is needed with increased sample sizes and across SS levels to determine the threshold of increased metabolic rate among freshwater species exposed to SS

Transferência de tecnologia em trigo de duplo propósito pela Embrapa e pela Emater no Rio Grande do Sul, safras 2003 e 2004.

Área: Transferência de Tecnologia

A Future Eco-Design Framework Based on TRIZ’s Contradictions and Bio-Inspired Design Process

International audienceIn the products development process, innovation is prescribed as a key parameter for technological evolution. It describes itself as a complex process that exploits different ways of transforming an idea into a reliable product. However, its way of resolution tends to amplify the conflicts of technical systems called technological contradictions. In this paper, was used the contradiction solving methods based on TRIZ Matrix in order to extract an ideal inventive principle which basically requires the existence of at least one contradiction to be eliminated. Then we will explore the potential of Bio-Inspired Design process that seeks, from ecosystem elements to extract conflicting functions that can be technologically transferable. Taking in account the aforementioned reasoning, we will discuss how the technical contradictions and their causalities can interrogate biomimetic databases to improve the innovation process by designing new environmental-friendly products that are more reliable. The aim of this work is to introduce new “eco-principles” by analyzing analogies between technical and biological solutions. The main objective is to analyze the possibilities to optimize an eco-inventive process for the next new technological generations. Based on this vision, the endpoint is to provide designers and engineers with the ideal eco-inventive methodology

Transferência de tecnologia e fomento de variedades de milho em propriedades familiares: resultados da cooperação entre Embrapa e Emater/RS-Ascar no Rio Grande do Sul de 1995 a 2002.

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