Comparative Toxicity of Two Isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner from Plutella xylostella L. and Papilio demoleus L. to some Important Lepidopteran Pests of Horticultural Crops

Toxicity of two isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis viz. KPx-1 and IPd-1 isolated from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and citrus butterfly, Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae), were tested against cabbage leaf webber, Crocidolomia binotalis, hairy caterpillar, Diacrisia obliqua and tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera. Among these, C. binotalis was highly susceptible (28.4 and 26.0 ng/cm2, for KPx-1 and IPd-1, respectively), while, H. armigera was the least susceptible (9.5 and 10.0 μg/ml, for KPx-1 and IPd-1, respectively)

On δ-open sets in ideal nano topological spaces

We introduce the notions of δ-open sets in ideal nano topological spaces and investigate some of their properties

Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Network Based Automatic Detection and Classification of Brain Tumor using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) might be a problematic assignment for tumor fluctuation and complexity because of brain image classification. This work presents the brain tumor classification system using Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Network (CGRNN) algorithm based on MRI images. The proposed tumor recognition framework comprises of four stages, to be specific preprocessing, feature extraction, segmentation and classification. Extraction of identified tumor framework features was accomplished utilizing Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) strategy. At long last, the Convolutional Gated Recurrent Neural Network Classifier has been created to perceive various kinds of brain disease. The proposed framework can be effective in grouping these models and reacting to any variation from the abnormality. The entire framework is isolated into different types of phases: the Learning/Training Phase and the Recognition/Test Phase. A CGRNN classifier under the scholarly ideal separation measurements is utilized to decide the chance of every pixel having a place with the foreground (tumor) and the background. MATLAB software is used in the development of the simulation of the proposed system. The suggested method's simulation results show that the analysis of brain tumours is stable. It shows that the proposed brain tumor classifications are superior to those from brain MRIs than existing brain tumor classifications. The overall accuracy of the proposed system is 98.45%

Seasonal variations of physico-chemical properties of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India

The present study was attempted on the physico-chemical variability of the Great Vedaranyam Swamp of the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, South-east coast of India. Seasonal variation study was carried out to examine level of varying physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, electrical conductivity, phosphate, turbidity, total dissolved solids and water depth. The physico-chemical parameters have exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations. The qualitative study revealed the present status of the physico-chemical parameters, which would be very helpful for policy makers to take precautionary measures to save the swamp.Key words: Seasonal variations, physico-chemical parameters, Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, pH, salinity, temperature

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance and Millennium Development Goals: Resolving the Challenges through One Health

Most emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, which could severely hamper reaching the targets of millennium development goals (MDG). Five out of the total eight MDG’s are strongly associated with the Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs). Recent emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant pathogens has accelerated and prevent reaching the targets of MDG, with shrinking of therapeutic arsenal, mostly due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). World Health Organization (WHO has identified AMR as 1 of the 3 greatest threats to global health.Until now, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been observed in hospital-acquired infections. In India, within a span of three years, New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase prevalence has risen from three percent in hospitals to twenty- fifty percent and is found to be colistin resistant as well. Routine use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry accounts for more than 50% in tonnage of all antimicrobial production to promote growth and prophylaxis. This has consequences to human health and environmental contamination with a profound impact on the environmental microbiome, resulting in resistance. Antibiotic development is now considered a global health crisis. The average time required to receive regulatory approval is 7.2 years. Moreover, the clinical approval success is only 16%. To overcome resistance in antimicrobials, intersectoral partnerships among medical, veterinary, and environmental disciplines, with specific epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches are needed. Joint efforts under “One Health”, beyond individual professional boundaries are required to stop antimicrobial resistance against zoonoses (EID) and reach the MDG

Nanoindentation studies on waveguides inscribed in chalcogenide glasses using ultrafast laser

Optical straight waveguides are inscribed in GeGaS and GeGaSSb glasses using a high repetition-rate sub-picosecond laser. The mechanical properties of the glasses in the inscribed regions, which have undergone photo induced changes, have been evaluated by using the nanoindentation technique. Results show that the hardness and elastic modulus of the photo-modified glasses are significantly lower as compared to the other locations in the waveguide, which tend to be similar to those of the unexposed areas. The observed mechanical effects are found to correlate well with the optical properties of the waveguides. Further, based on the results, the minimum threshold values of hardness and elastic modulus for the particular propagation mode of the waveguide (single or multi), has been established

An overview of laparoscopic versus open incisional hernia repair

Background: An incisional hernia is perceived as a morbidity following an abdominal wall operation. Risk factors that increase the chances of developing these hernias are wound infection, male sex, obesity, abdominal distension, underlying disease process and occasionally poor surgical closure. The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic vs open incisional hernia repair with regard to postoperative pain and nausea, operative time, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay. Methods: We conducted retrospective review of consecutive patients with hernia in department of surgery, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College and Hospital, Redhills, Chennai, Tamil Nadu between September 2022 to February 2023 (6 months). We analyzed 140 patients that met the inclusion criteria and their clinical data. The patients were divided into two groups: open incision hernia repair (OI=70) group and laparoscopic hernia repair (LR=70) group. Results: In our study, the mean operative time of 99.64±13.1 min for the laparoscopic repair group was longer than the mean operative time of 74.64±9.14 min for open repair (p =0.264). Hospital stay was not significantly in the laparoscopic group with a mean of 2.4±0.6 days compared with 2.8±1.4 of the open repair group (p=0.0515). Conclusions: Smaller incisional hernias with a transverse diameter <10 cm can be repaired successfully by a laparoscopic approach if a suitably skilled surgeon is available, although an ugly scar may remain on the anterior abdominal wall. Major defects >10 cm was best repaired by an open operation