Impact of Prisoner Population on the Prison Rehabilitation Process in Sri Lanka

Prison is one of the main and important agencies which involves in the criminal justice process. Offenders who are sentenced to imprisonment are sent to this institution for rehabilitation. The main objective of the prison institution is to rehabilitate prisoners thereby helping them to understand what was wrong with their behaviors and helping them to become productive citizens in the future after releasing from prison. In order to achieve this task, the prison system should take necessary steps to conduct an effective rehabilitation process during the imprisonment period. The study was based on to study the impact of the prisoners population on the prison rehabilitation process in Sri Lanka.. The objective of the research was to identify basic rehabilitation problems caused by the prisoners population. The research was conducted in Mahara prison in the Gampaha District of the western province. The study sample included 50 prisoners out of 1500 prisoners of Mahara prison. The sample was selected using systematic sampling which is one of the probability sampling methods used. And also prison officers were selected under the same sample. The data obtained from the research have been extensively analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The finding reveals that the physical and human resources in prisons are limited compared to the increasing number of prisoners, referrals from prisoners to vocational sectors have decreased, and 66% of prisoners have health problems. Meanwhile, there are sexually transmitted diseases and rashes. Furthermore, remanded prisoners have increased due to delays in cases. To increase the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process, the prisoner population must be controlled, for that, it is important to have an interconnection between the court and prison. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v08i01.0

EFFICACY OF WATTAKAKA VOLUBILIS AGAINST ALUMINIUM SULPHATE INDUCED IN LIVER TOXICITY

Objective: The modulation of membrane-bound ATPases, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial TCA cycle enzymes in Wattakaka volubilis on aluminium sulphate induced liver toxicity.Methods: Medicinal therapy requires careful assessment of effective treatment offering an acceptable safety over human health. Experimental animals were divided into five groups (Untreated, negative and positive control, hepatic group and the hepatic group fed on Wattakaka volubilis), Metabolising enzymes level, estimation of DNA, RNA and quantification of DNA fragmentation and gene expression were investigated. These altered enzyme levels were ameliorated significantly by administration of Wattakaka volubilis at the concentration of 200 mg/kg in drug-treated animals.Results: Results showed that treatment with methanol extract of Wattakaka volubilis normal level of enzymes which are compared with silymarin. This was evident from the significant increase in p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 enzyme levels. Aluminium sulphate induced rats showed decreased the activities of metabolising enzymes and increased DNA fragmentation in the liver. This clearly explained the reason for the hepatoprotective activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract.Conclusion: The methanolic leaf extract of W. volubilis showed high protective activity against aluminium sulphate-induced hepatotoxicity

Endometrial patterns in abnormal uterine bleeding: a retrospective study

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common reason for women of all ages to consult their gynecologist and is one of the most common debilitating menstrual problems ending up in hysterectomy in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical spectrum and frequency of pathologies in endometrial biopsy of patients with AUB in our population. We also tried to observe the incidence of various pathologies in different age groups presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: The study was conducted in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Tamil Nadu over a period of eight months. This was a retrospective study done on 217 patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent endometrial sampling in our hospital. The pattern of endometrial changes were studied and classified.Results: Age of the patients in our study ranged from 25 years to 68 years with maximum in the age group of 41-50 years. The commonest clinical feature was menorrhagia followed by metrorrhagia. Evaluation of the endometrium revealed various histopathological patterns like proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, disordered proliferative endometrium, pill endometrium, shedding endometrium, simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atrophic endometrium, endometrial polyp, carcinoma endometrium etc.The incidence of malignancy was 1.84%.Conclusions: Histopathological examination of the endometrium showed a wide spectrum of pathological changes ranging from normal endometrium to malignancy thus emphasizing the importance of endometrial sampling as an important diagnostic tool in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Accurate analysis of endometrial samplings is the key to effective therapy and optimal outcome

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF METHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF ALLAMANDA NERIIFOLIA HOOK AGAINST 1, 4 DICHLOROBENZENE (DCB)-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY

The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of methanolic flower extract of Allamanda neriifolia on 1, 4 dichlorobenzene (DCB)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model. 1,4 DCB administered rats (300mg/kg/b.wt which was dissolved in 1ml of corn oil by intraperitonial injection for 45 days) were pre treated with methanolic flower extract of Allamanda neriifolia (300 mg / kg body weight) for 45 days and sacrificed after 1,4 DCB intoxication. Results showed that 1,4 DCB caused a marked rise in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), as well as marked decrease in serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), PCV, WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin and platelet compared to controls. However pre treatment with A.neriifolia methanolic flower extract produced a significant decrease in the ALT and total cholesterol level and an increase in total protein, albumin and hematological parameters compared to DCB alone group. Taken these data together, it can be concluded that natural plant components such as A.neriifolia flowers could protect the liver against dichlorobenzene (DCB)-induced liver toxicity. Keywords: Allamanda neriifolia, 1, 4 Dichlorobenzene, methanolic extract, Hepatotoxicit

Gender inequality in hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation videos on YouTube

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is performed at a significantly lower rate in women than in men. YouTube has a significant role in influencing the public’s perceptions about CPR due to its popularity. The aim of the study was to compare the availability, quality, and scientific accuracy of YouTube videos demonstrating hands-only CPR performed on men and woman recipient.Methods: Using three search terms similar to hands-only CPR, YouTube was searched for videos in English. This study included the first 60 videos for each search term. All the videos meeting the inclusion criteria were viewed and classified according to gender of recipient of CPR. Views per day were calculated. Videos were scored for quality and scientific accuracy, using Global Quality Scale (GQS) score and comprehensiveness analysis respectively. Mean, standard deviation was calculated for all the variables. Independent t-tests were done to compare the mean values. A p value<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Only 12 (1.7%) videos demonstrated hands-only CPR performed on women as compared to 43 videos (6%) demonstrated in men. There was a statistically significant difference in GQS score, whereas, there was no statistically significant difference in viewer rate and comprehensiveness analysis score based upon the gender of recipient of CPR.Conclusions: The availability and quality of YouTube videos demonstrating hands-only CPR performed on men and women recipients differ significantly. There are limited numbers of videos available for demonstrations of CPR performed on women, and the majority of them are of poor quality and lack scientific accuracy

A Clustering Based User-Centered (CBUC) Approach for Integrating Social Data into Groups of Interest

Social web sites by means of huge database websites like Facebook, Twitter and, Linked have been becomes a very important task for day to day life. Thousands and millions of social users are extremely linked from each other to these social websites in favor of networking, conversing, distributing, and sharing by means of each other. Social network sites contain consequently develop into a great source of contents of interest, part of which might reduce into the scope of interests of a known group. Therefore no well-organized solution has been proposed in recent works for a grouping of social users depending on their interest’s information, particularly when they are confined by and speckled across diverse social network sites. Clustering Based User-Centered (CBUC) approach is proposed for integrating social data into groups of interests. Proposed CBUC approach follows the procedure of Modified Fuzzy C Means (MFCM) clustering for social grouping of social data user into different group based on their searching interest. This CBUC approach allows users grouping of user social data from various social network sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn by means of their respective groups of interest. CBUC approach the users are clustered by converting of individual social data interest into fuzzification value and verified using the fuzzy objective function. Additional, to reduce the number of iterations, the proposed CBUC approach, MFCM initializes the centroid by means of dist-max initialization algorithm earlier than the execution of MFCM algorithm iteratively. In this approach the users are also capable to personalize their sharing settings and interests contained by their individual groups related to their own preferences. CBUC approach makes it potential in the direction of aggregate social information of the group’s members and extracts from these data the information appropriate to the group's subject of interests. Furthermore, it follows a CBUC design permitting each member in the direction of personalize his/her sharing situation and interests surrounded by their individual groups

Investigation On the Larvicidal Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolates from Psoralea corylifolia And Leptadenia reticulata Against Aedes Aegypti

Globally, several million peoples are infected with epidemic-prone mosquito-borne diseases like yellow fever and malaria that is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected mosquitoes. Psoralea corylifolia, often known as babchi, is a well-liked herb that has been utilised in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for many years for its miraculous abilities to treat a variety of skin conditions and Leptadenia reticulata, also known as&nbsp;Jivanti&nbsp;is an herb that is traditionally used in treating the conditions like malaria, diabetes, and liver disorders. The present study investigated the larvicidal properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Psoralea corylifolia and Leptadenia reticulata against Aedes aegypti. The highest larvicidal activity was seen in Trichodermata viride and Candida albicans species from leaves of L. reticulata was found to be 85.71% and 90.47 at 20 ppm. Likewise, Piriformospora&nbsp;indica and Aspergillus niger species from the leaves of P. corylifolia was found to be 66.66% and 83.33 % respectively. Candida albicans from leaves of L. reticulata and Aspergillus niger from the leaves of Psoralea corylifolia showed the highest mortality percentage was found to be 90.47 and 83.33 at 20 ppm respectively. The present study reveals the determination of optimal, eco-friendly, and selective mosquito larvicidal agents. The development of innovative and affordable medications to combat diseases spread by mosquitoes will be aided by more research on the isolation, characterisation, and determination of the mechanism of action against the selective mosquitos

Investigation On the Larvicidal Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolates from Psoralea corylifolia And Leptadenia reticulata Against Aedes Aegypti

Globally, several million peoples are infected with epidemic-prone mosquito-borne diseases like yellow fever and malaria that is transmitted to humans by the bites of infected mosquitoes. Psoralea corylifolia, often known as babchi, is a well-liked herb that has been utilised in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for many years for its miraculous abilities to treat a variety of skin conditions and Leptadenia reticulata, also known as&nbsp;Jivanti&nbsp;is an herb that is traditionally used in treating the conditions like malaria, diabetes, and liver disorders. The present study investigated the larvicidal properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Psoralea corylifolia and Leptadenia reticulata against Aedes aegypti. The highest larvicidal activity was seen in Trichodermata viride and Candida albicans species from leaves of L. reticulata was found to be 85.71% and 90.47 at 20 ppm. Likewise, Piriformospora&nbsp;indica and Aspergillus niger species from the leaves of P. corylifolia was found to be 66.66% and 83.33 % respectively. Candida albicans from leaves of L. reticulata and Aspergillus niger from the leaves of Psoralea corylifolia showed the highest mortality percentage was found to be 90.47 and 83.33 at 20 ppm respectively. The present study reveals the determination of optimal, eco-friendly, and selective mosquito larvicidal agents. The development of innovative and affordable medications to combat diseases spread by mosquitoes will be aided by more research on the isolation, characterisation, and determination of the mechanism of action against the selective mosquitos

A retrospective study on endometrial patterns in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: To determine the type of endometrial patterns of the different age categories of women who presented as a case of abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted on 105 patients who presented with abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent fractional curettage in our hospital. The data on their age, presenting complaints, and comorbidities of all the women were collected. The patterns of endometrial changes were studied and classified.Results: The most common histopathological findings were anovulatory shedding (34.3%) and irregular shedding (18.1%). The other findings include irregular ripening, papillary endocervicitis, endocervicitis, pill endometrium, atrophic endometrium, squamous metaplasia, and endometrial hyperplasia. The most common malignant change seen was endometrioid carcinoma which was seen in women over 40 years of age.Conclusions: Histopathological examination of the endometrium shows a clear-cut differentiation between physiological and malignancy changes in the endometrium. Hence, endometrial sampling is considered the golden tool for accurate analysis of the endometrium