Influencia del procedimiento de extracción en la actividad antioxidante de extractos de semilla de lenteja en un sistema modelo β-caroteno linoleato

Phenolic compounds were extracted from lentil seeds using three solvent systems: 80% (v/v) acetone, 80% (v/v) methanol, and 80% (v/v) ethanol. Each extract was subsequently separated into two fractions by chromatoghraphy on a column with Toyo Pearl HW-40 using water (fraction I) and methanol (fraction II) for elution. Antioxidative activity of extracts and their respective fractions were examined in a β-carotene-linoleate model system. All three extracts exhibited similar antioxidant activity. Considering the level of phenolic compounds in extracts it seems that phenolic compounds from the acetone extract were less active than those from either the methanolic and ethanolic ones. Because the content of phenolics was about 16-fold lower in fraction I of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts compared to fraction II, the phenolics in fraction I of the methanol and ethanol extracts from lentil seeds are much more active than these in fraction II. A stronger antioxidant activity of fraction I from the acetone extract compared to the crude acetone extract was observed during the latter incubation stage. The reason was a relatively high level of phenolic compounds in this fraction. UV spectra confirmed that the phenolic compounds from the acetone extract were different compared to methanolic and ethanolic extracts.Los compuestos fenólicos fueron extraídos de semillas de lenteja usando tres sistemas de disolventes: acetona del 80% (v/v), metanol del 80% (v/v), y etanol del 80% (v/v). Cada extracto fue separado posteriormente en dos fracciones por cromatografía en columna con Toyo Pearl HW-40 usando agua (fracción I) y metanol (fracción II) para la elución. La actividad antioxidante de los extractos y de sus fracciones respectivas fueron examinadas en un sistema modelo β-caroteno-linoleato. Los tres extractos exhibieron actividad antioxidante similar. Atendiendo al nivel de compuestos fenólicos en los extractos parece que los compuestos del extracto acetónico eran menos activos que los metanólicos y etanólicos. Debido a que el contenido de fenoles era aproximadamente 16 veces más bajo en la fracción I de los extractos metanólico y etanólico comparado con la fracción II, los fenoles en la fracción I de los extractos del metanol y del etanol de las semillas de lenteja son mucho más activos que éstos en la fracción II. Una actividad antioxidante más fuerte de la fracción I del extracto acetónico comparado con el extracto acetónico crudo fue observada durante el posterior periodo de incubación. La razón fué el relativamente alto nivel de compuestos fenólicos en esta fracción. El espectro UV confirmó que los compuestos fenólicos del extracto de acetona fueron diferentes comparados con los extractos metanólicos y etanólicos

HARDNESS PHENOMENON IN BEACH PEA (Lethyrus maritimus L.)

Beach pea is mostly grown on seashores and it contains higher amount of protein than other legumes. However, the pea has several undesirable  attributes, such as long cooking time and hard to germinate (imbibitions) that limited its use as food. The present investigation aimed to study the physico-chemical properties, cooking characteristics and hull crude fibre structure of beach pea as compare to other similar legumes. Standard methods of processing pulses were used for present study. Beach pea seeds contained very low grain weight, density, hydration capacity,  hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index than the green pea and field pea. Beach pea had higher amount of crude protein, ash, crude fibre and polyphenols, but lower in starch content than the green pea and field pea. Without any treatment to beach pea seeds the water uptake capacity was very low. Mechanical treatment to beach pea seeds increasedthe water uptake percentage. The recovery of hull was 3 to 6 times higher in beach pea than that of green pea and field pea. The crude protein  content in beach pea hull was 2-5% higher than others. The beach pea hull, dhal and whole seeds were good source of macro- and micro- minerals than that of the other two peas. The electron microscopic  structure of beach pea hull crude fibre showed a very close and compact structure than green pea and field pea hull crude fibre structure. Lowering the hardness of beach pea seeds with mechanical or chemical treatments will give more scope for their utilization in the human nutrition

Hardness Phenomenon in Beach Pea (Lethyrus Maritimus L.)

Beach pea is mostly grown on seashores and it contains higher amount of protein than other legumes. However, the pea has several undesirable attributes, such as long cooking time and hard to germinate (imbibitions) that limited its use as food. The present investigation aimed to study the physico-chemical properties, cooking characteristics and hull crude fibre structure of beach pea as compare to other similar legumes. Standard methods of processing pulses were used for present study. Beach pea seeds contained very low grain weight, density, hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index than the green pea and field pea. Beach pea had higher amount of crude protein, ash, crude fibre and polyphenols, but lower in starch content than the green pea and field pea. Without any treatment to beach pea seeds the water uptake capacity was very low. Mechanical treatment to beach pea seeds increasedthe water uptake percentage. The recovery of hull was 3 to 6 times higher in beach pea than that of green pea and field pea. The crude protein content in beach pea hull was 2-5% higher than others. The beach pea hull, dhal and whole seeds were good source of macro- and micro- minerals than that of the other two peas. The electron microscopic structure of beach pea hull crude fibre showed a very close and compact structure than green pea and field pea hull crude fibre structure. Lowering the hardness of beach pea seeds with mechanical or chemical treatments will give more scope for their utilization in the human nutrition

Efecto de los compuestos fenólicos extraídos de semillas de girasol sobre la actividad lipoxigenasa nativa.

Extracts of lipoxygenase were obtained from sunflower seeds using 12 different extraction mixtures, and lipoxygenase activity and content of phenolic compounds in the extracts were determined. The content of phenolic compounds was determined as the ratio of optical densities at 320/280nm. Statistical analysis of the results for the extracts showed a significant correlation between the lipoxygenase activity and the OD320nm/OD280nm ratio with r = 0.619. However, after dialysis of the extracts, no correlation was found.Efecto de los compuestos fenólicos extraídos de semillas de girasol sobre la actividad lipoxigenasa nativa. Se obtuvieron extractos de lipoxigenasa de semillas de girasol usando 12 mezclas de extracción diferentes, y se determinó la actividad lipoxigenasa y el contenido en compuestos fenólicos. Este último se llevó a cabo mediante medida de la relación de absorbancias a 320/280nm. El análisis estadístico de los resultados para los extractos mostró una correlación entre la actividad lipoxigenasa y la relación OD320nm/OD280nm con r = 0,619. Sin embargo, después de la diálisis de los extractos, no se observó esta correlación

Antioxidant potential of kvasses

This study was aimed at determination of antioxidant capacity of commercial kvasses. Four different beverages (“Obolon”, “Wileński”, “Gubernija”, and Eko-Natura”) were purchased in local shops in Poland, one beverage (“Brottrunk Biovegan”) originated from the German market. Antioxidan capacity of the beverages was investigated using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays. The content of total phenolic compounds was determined using a FolinCiocalteu’s phenol reagent. The profile of phenolic compounds were determined using an HPLC method. The content of total phenolics ranged from 0.083 to 0.372 mg/ml; the TEAC values from 0.133 to 1.001 μmol Trolox/ml; the FRAP values from 0.893 to 3.079 μmol Fe2+/ml. The antiradical activity against DPPH radical ranged from 0.097 to 0.463 μmol Trolox/ml. A strong correlation was noted between the contents of total phenolics and results of antioxidant assays. The presence of benzoic acid in one beverage was confirmed using the HPLC method

Presence of Caffeic Acid in Flaxseed Lignan Macromolecule

Phenolic compounds were extracted from defatted flaxseeds using ethanol-dioxane (1:1, v/v). The crude extract obtained was purified using Amberlite XAD-16 column chromatography with water and methanol as mobile phases. RP-HPLC and SE-HPLC showed a lignan macromolecule (LM) as a dominant phenolic compound in the purified extract. After the alkaline hydrolysis of LM caffeic acid glucoside (CaAG) was isolated using a semi-preparative HPLC and its structure was confirmed by LC-ESI-MS. In LM of the investigated flaxseed, one molecule of caffeic acid corresponded with five molecules of p-coumaric acid and two molecules of ferulic acid. The presence of caffeic acid in the lignan molecule might be very beneficial due to its high antioxidant activity

Determination of Sinapic Acid Derivatives in Canola Extracts Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with diode array detection (DAD) was used to determine the total phenolics, including sinapic acid derivatives in canola. Ten Western Canadian canola seeds, six other commodity canola seeds, their corresponding press cakes and meals were analyzed. Seeds of European 00 rapeseed and Brassica Juncea (Indian mustard) were included for comparison. Phenolic compounds were separated using a gradient elution system of water–methanol-ο-phosphoric acid solution with a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. In addition to sinapine (SP) and sinapic acid (SA), sinapoyl glucose (SG) is reported in the methanolic extracts. The detection and quantification limits of these compounds were 0.20–0.40 and 0.50–0.80 μg/ml, respectively with recovery values over 98.0%. The content of total phenolics, SP, SA and SG in canola extracts ranged from 9.16 to 16.13, 6.39 to 12.28, 0.11 to 0.59 and 1.36 to 7.50 mg/g, respectively with significant differences among varieties