Genetic Analysis of the Light Dependence of Courtship in Drosophila subobscura.

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Getting DNA twist rigidity from single molecule experiments

We use an elastic rod model with contact to study the extension versus rotation diagrams of single supercoiled DNA molecules. We reproduce quantitatively the supercoiling response of overtwisted DNA and, using experimental data, we get an estimation of the effective supercoiling radius and of the twist rigidity of B-DNA. We find that unlike the bending rigidity, the twist rigidity of DNA seems to vary widely with the nature and concentration of the salt buffer in which it is immerged

High Variability of Acetabular Offset in Primary Hip Osteoarthritis Influences Acetabular Reaming—A Computed Tomography–Based Anatomic Study

Background: The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate the accuracy and reliability of native acetabular offset (AO) measurements performed on conventional supine anterior-posterior (ap) pelvis radiographs with reference to computed tomography (CT) in patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis (OA); (2) determine the minimum and maximum amount of medialization of the center of rotation (COR) simulating different reaming techniques; and (3) identify patients at increased risk of excessive medialization of the COR.Methods: A consecutive series of corresponding 131 CT scans and radiographs of patients with primary hip OA was evaluated using validated software for three-dimensional acetabular and femoral measurements. We simulated the implantation of a hemispherical press-fit cup comparing anatomic and conventional reaming techniques and assessed corresponding changes in AO.Results: Standardized ap pelvis radiographs allowed for an accurate and reliable assessment of AO compared with CT. Cup placement in the most lateral position (anatomic reaming technique) resulted in a mean implant-related medialization of 5.9 ± 3.4 mm. Anatomic cup placement did not require reaming to the true floor in 64 hips (49%). With the conventional reaming technique, the total medialization of the COR (implant-related and reaming-related) was 6.8 ± 2.9, with 34% of cases having a medialization ≥8 mm.Conclusion: The present study highlights the variability of acetabular anatomy in patients with primary OA. AO can be accurately and reliably determined on conventional radiographs and appears to be independent of femoral shape and geometry. Depending on the preferred reaming technique a substantial number of patients appear at risk for excessive cup medialization

Are there clinically relevant anatomical differences of the proximal femur in patients with mild dysplastic and primary hip osteoarthritis? A CT-based matched-pairs cohort study

AIM: To investigate the three-dimensional anatomy and shape of the proximal femur, comparing patients with secondary osteoarthritis (OA) due to mild developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary hip OA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective radiographic computed tomography (CT)-based study investigated proximal femoral anatomy in a consecutive series of 84 patients with secondary hip OA due to mild DDH (Crowe type I&amp;II/Hartofilakidis A) compared to 84 patients with primary hip OA, matched for gender, age at surgery, and body mass index. RESULTS: Men with DDH showed higher neck shaft angles (127±5° vs. 123±4°; p&lt;0.001), whereas women with DDH had a larger femoral head diameter (46±4 vs. 44±3 mm; p=0.002), smaller femoral offset (36±5 vs. 40±4 mm; p&lt;0.001), decreased leg torsion (25±13° vs. 31±16°; p=0.037), and a higher neck shaft angle (128±7° vs. 123±4°; p&lt;0.001) compared to primary OA patients. Similar patterns of the three-dimensional endosteal canal shape of the proximal femur, but a high inter-individual variability for femoral canal torsion at the meta-diaphyseal level were found for DDH and primary OA patients. CONCLUSION: Standard cementless stem designs are suitable to treat patients with secondary hip OA due to mild DDH; however, high patient variability and subtle anatomical differences in the proximal femur should be respected.</p

Relativistic quantum model of confinement and the current quark masses

We consider a relativistic quantum model of confined massive spinning quarks and antiquarks which describes leading Regge trajectories of mesons. The quarks are described by the Dirac equations and the gluon contribution is approximated by the Nambu-Goto straight-line string. The string tension and the current quark masses are the main parameters of the model. Additional parameters are phenomenological constants which approximate nonstring short-range contributions. Comparison of the measured meson masses with the model predictions allows one to determine the current quark masses (in MeV) to be $m_s = 227 \pm 5,~ m_c = 1440 \pm 10,~ m_b = 4715 \pm 20$. The chiral $SU_3$ model[23] makes it possible to estimate from here the $u$- and $d$-quark masses to be $m_u = 6.2 \pm 0.2$~ Mev and $m_d = 11.1 \pm 0.4$ Mev.Comment: 15 pages, LATEX, 2 tables. (submitted to Phys.Rev.D

Gauge vortex dynamics at finite mass of bosonic fields

The simple derivation of the string equation of motion adopted in the nonrelativistic case is presented, paying the special attention to the effects of finite masses of bosonic fields of an Abelian Higgs model. The role of the finite mass effects in the evaluation of various topological characteristics of the closed strings is discussed. The rate of the dissipationless helicity change is calculated. It is demonstrated how the conservation of the sum of the twisting and writhing numbers of the string is recovered despite the changing helicity.Comment: considerably revised to include errata to journal versio

Population Genetic Study of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene

Genetic variants in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, predominantly the functional Val66Met polymorphism, have been associated with risk of bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. However, not all studies support these findings, and overall the evidence for the association of BDNF with disease risk is weak. As differences in population genetic structure between patient samples could cause discrepant or spurious association results, we investigated this possibility by carrying out population genetic analyses of the BDNF genomic region. Substantial variation was detected in BDNF coding region single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele and haplotype frequencies between 58 global populations, with the derived Met allele of Val66Met ranging in frequency from 0 to 72% across populations. FST analyses to assess diversity in the HapMap populations determined that the Val66Met FST value was at the 99.8th percentile among all SNPs in the genome. As the BDNF population genetic differences may be due to local selection, we performed the long-range haplotype test for selection using 68 SNPs spanning the BDNF genomic region in 12 European-derived pedigrees. Evidence for positive selection was found for a high-frequency Val-carrying haplotype, with a relative extended haplotype homozygosity value above the 99th percentile compared with HapMap data $(P=4.6 \times 10^{−4})$. In conclusion, we observed considerable BDNF allele and haplotype diversity among global populations and evidence for positive selection at the BDNF locus. These phenomena can have a profound impact on the detection of disease susceptibility genes and must be considered in gene association studies of BDNF.Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyOther Research Uni

Custom stems for femoral deformity in patients less than 40 years of age: 70 hips followed for an average of 14 years

Background and purpose Femoral deformity associated with osteoarthritis is a challenge for both the surgeon and the implant. Many of the patients with these deformities are young. Standard implants can be difficult to fit into these femurs. We prospectively evaluated the outcome of custom uncemented femoral stems in young patients