Uji Performa Watermarking 256x256 Citra Keabuan dengan Least Significant Bit

Pada era digitalisasi seperti sekarang, hampir semua data multimedia dapat ditemukan via internet. Kemudahan dalam mengakses internet berdampak pada semakin sulitnya membatasi tindakan copy paste terhadap foto karya orang lain sehingga dibutuhkan adanya teknik untuk mengamanakan data. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengamankan data yaitu watermarking, Dalam perkembangannya, watermarking digunakan untuk copyright protection dan digital signature baik dalam ranah visible maupun invisible. Dalam watermarking dikenal salah satu algoritma yang dikategorikan dalam spasial domain, yaitu Least Significant Bit (LSB). LSB mempunyai kelebihan mudah dan cepat untuk diterapkan. Dalam penelitian ini LSB dianalisa untuk mengamankan citra watermarking sehingga data aman dari orang yang tidak berkepentingan. Keberhasilan dari percobaan ini dapat dilihat dari nilai Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Pada makalah ini, percobaan telah dilakukan dengan menguji 5 citra keabuan berukuran 256x256 dengan citra pesan 128x64 piksel dan menghasilkan piksel tertinggi 54.6667 dB

Upaya Memanfaatkan Limbah Kotoran Cacing untuk Menambah Nilai Ekonomi dan Menghasilkan Granul Kascing yang Berkualitas dan Ramah Lingkungan

Cacing dan kotorannya merupakan salah satu bahan yang dapat di manfaat kan untuk memperbaiki tanah yang keras, miskin hara dan tanah yang tidak dapat mengisap air. Seiring mahalnya harga pupuk anorganik dan juga dampak yang di timbulkan menjadikan minat masyarakat dalam penggunaan pupuk anorganik menjadi berkurang, sehingga cara ini dengan pemanfaatan limbah kotoran cacing bisa mengurangi pemasalahan tersebut, dengan pembuatan pupuk granul kascing yang berkualitas dan ramah lingkungan, karena granul kascing mempunyai kelebihan yang tidak dimiliki oleh pupuk anorganik (buatan) yaitu : dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah, baik struktur biologi, kimiawi serta fisikanya. Granul kascing dapat menambah kandungan humus atau bahan organik, ini disebabkan C/N nya rendah. Granul kascing dapat memperbaiki jasad renik tanah, dan dapat menambah usur hara makanan yang dibutuhkan tanaman. Granul kascing merupakan pupuk organik, granul kascing mempunyai kelebihan dari pupuk organik lainnya di sebabkan granul kascing hampir mempunyai semua unsur-unsur yang di butuhkan oleh tanaman dan unsur makronya lebih tinggi, besifat netral dengan PH rata-rata 6,8. Kandungan zat hara pada kascing yaitu C : 20,20 % ,N : 1,58 %,P : 70,30 mg/100g,K : 21,80 mg/100g,Ca: 34,99 mg/100g. Disamping itu, granul kascing juga mengandung hormon pengatur tumbuh tanaman antara lain : giberelin, sitokinin, dan auxin. Itulah sebabnya kascing dapat menyuburkan tanaman dan juga dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanaman. Rencana penerapan granul kascing di lakukan selama 4 bulan di mulai dari penyebaran benih sampai panen. Kegiatan ini di lakukan di laboratorium jatikuwung prodi peternakan Desa dadapan RT01/RW06, Kecamatan Gondangrejo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Pemakaian granul kascing ini di harapkan dapat menciptakan produk granul kascing yang berkwalitas dengan sentuhan teknologi. Selain itu juga dapat menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru bagi mahasiswa dan dapat menjadi contoh peluang usaha yang inovatif dari limbah ternak. Kata kunci: Granul kascing, Cacing, Limbah Kotoran Cacin

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Generally, for a company, it is believed that employees are their key assets, but nowadays, companies are realising that employees are their most important assets. This is because in a world where technologies, processes, and products are quickly duplicated by competitors, and the pace of change and level of competition are constantly increasing, people are the key to the most reliable sources of advantagebetter service, increased responsiveness, stronger customer relationships, and the creativity and innovation that keep a company one step ahead. At the same time, however, it's getting tougher to hold on to those employees. Retention is becoming a major issue, as; unemployment is at its lowest point in a quarter of a century. Living in an "information society", we are bombarded with information technology, especially at work environment, whether or not we actually want to. Software organisations are growing both vertically and horizontally throughout the globe. For organisations, the adverse effects of stress may act as an impediment to performance and to the change process. The effects may be seen in poor job performance, high levels of absenteeism, discontent among the workforce, high turnover of labor with the loss of "good" employees, and a large increase in recruitment and retraining cost

Estimation of the shelf-life of halloumi cheese using survival analysis

Halloumi cheese blocks, packaged in vacuum polyamide-polyethylene laminate bags, were stored at 5, 15, and 25°C. The changes in total bacterial count, lactic acid bacteria, total anaerobic bacteria, yeasts and molds, pH, and titratable acidity were monitored during the storage. The appearance of the packaged Halloumi cheese exhibited significant correlations with the counts of the different microbial populations inhabiting the cheese. The shelf-life of the stored Halloumi cheese was determined using survival analysis and considering consumer rejection as a failure index. The nominal shelf-lives of Halloumi cheese were 79.6, 37.8, and 2.6 days when stored at 5, 15, and 25°C, respectively. The Q10 values (shelf-life at T °C-shelf-life at T + 10°C) at 5°C and 15°C were 2.1 and 14.5, respectively. The increase in the counts of different microbial populations during storage highlights the need for adherence to good manufacturing practices and maintenance of low temperatures during the storage and distribution of the packaged Halloumi cheese. © Czech J. Food Sci. 2012.Al-Kadamany E, 2002, J DAIRY SCI, V85, P1023, DOI 10.3168-jds.S0022-0302(02)74162-3; AOAC, 2007, OFFICIAL METHODS ANA, P84; Ares G, 2008, APPETITE, V50, P529, DOI 10.1016-j.appet.2007.11.002; Ayyash MM, 2010, J FOOD SCI, V75, pC525, DOI 10.1111-j.1750-3841.2010.01691.x; Benedetti S, 2005, J DAIRY SCI, V88, P3044; Bintsis T, 2002, INT J DAIRY TECHNOL, V55, P113, DOI 10.1046-j.1471-0307.2002.00054.x; Calligaris S, 2007, J AGR FOOD CHEM, V55, P2004, DOI 10.1021-jf063004h; Cruz AG, 2010, FOOD RES INT, V43, P1444, DOI 10.1016-j.foodres.2010.04.028; Duyvesteyn WS, 2001, LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL, V34, P143, DOI 10.1006-fstl.2000.0736; Gacula M., 2009, STAT METHODS FOOD CO; Guerra S, 2008, LWT-FOOD SCI TECHNOL, V41, P2070, DOI 10.1016-j.lwt.2008.01.011; HAJJ SEMAAN E., 2008, LEBANESE SCI J, V9, P37; Hough G, 1999, J DAIRY SCI, V82, P454; Hough G., 2010, SENSORY SHELF LIFE E; Jacobo-Velazquez DA, 2010, J FOOD SCI, V75, pS286, DOI 10.1111-j.1750-3841.2010.01656.x; Kaminarides S, 2007, FOOD CHEM, V100, P219, DOI 10.1016-j.foodchem.2005.09.039; Milci S, 2005, INT DAIRY J, V15, P625, DOI 10.1016-j.idairyj.2004.10.009; PAPADEMAS P., 2006, HALLOUMI CHEESE BRIN, P117; Papademas P, 1998, INT J DAIRY TECHNOL, V51, P98, DOI 10.1111-j.1471-0307.1998.tb02646.x; Papademas P, 2000, INT DAIRY J, V10, P761, DOI 10.1016-S0958-6946(00)00110-2; Papaioannou G, 2007, INT DAIRY J, V17, P358, DOI 10.1016-j.idairyj.2006.04.001; POULLET B, 1993, J DAIRY RES, V60, P123; R Statistical Package, 2010, R FDN STAT COMP R VE; SCHMIDT K, 1992, J DAIRY SCI, V75, P2922; Somers EB, 2001, J DAIRY SCI, V84, P1926; SPSS, 2009, US GUID STAT VERS 10; Taoukis P. S., 1997, HDB FOOD ENG PRACTIC, P361; Torri L, 2010, POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC, V56, P239, DOI 10.1016-j.postharvbio.2010.01.012; Torrieri E, 2008, J SENS STUD, V23, P377, DOI 10.1111-j.1745-459X.2008.00161.x; Wehr H. M., 2004, STANDARD METHODS EXA11

Peningkatan Produksi dan Pendapatan Usaha Kelompok Pembesaran Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) melalui Kegiatan Penyuluhan di Kecamatan Manisrenggo, Kabupaten Klaten

Budidaya nila memiliki prospek yang baik bila dikembangkan di Kabupaten Klaten. Budidaya nila dengan teknologi biofloc dipercaya memiliki beberapa kelebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan kelompok pembudidaya ikan Nila Ngremboko dengan usaha pembesaran ikan nila biofloc. Selain itu, juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan usaha pada kelompok pembudidaya ikan Nila Ngremboko dengan usaha pembesaran ikan nila biofloc. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan survei yang bersifat penjelasan (explanatory research) dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif sebagai dasar analisis. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan jumlah tebar dan ukuran benih yang sama, budidaya ikan nila dengan sistem biofloc mampu menghemat pakan sebanyak 210 kg dibandingkan budidaya ikan nila secara konvensional, selain itu waktu pemeliharaan lebih singkat 45 hari dan menghasilkan produktivitas hasil panen 20 kg lebih banyak. FCR budidaya nila biofloc kurang dari 1 dengan SR 87%. Budidaya nila dengan sistem biofloc menghasilkan keuntungan lebih besar dibandingkan budidaya nila dengan sistem konvensional. Adopsi inovasi teknologi biofloc pada budidaya nila mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan sasaran penyuluhan sebesar 34,78%, meningkatkan sikap sebesar 31,64% dan meningkatkan keterampilan pembudidaya ikan sebesar 14%. Terdapat 1 orang sasaran penyuluhan yang telah mencapai tahap mencoba dan 1 orang sasaran penyuluhan dalam tahap menerapkan budidaya nila dengan teknologi biofloc

Influence of HLA disparity, immunosuppressive regimen used, and type of kidney allograft on production of anti-HLA class-I antibodies after transplant and occurrence of rejection

We studied the effects of HLA disparity, immunosuppressive regimen used, and the type of kidney allograft on production of anti-HLA antibodies after transplant and the occurrence of rejection episodes. Five living-unrelated donors and 4 living-related donors kidney recipients received quadruple therapy (including sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil). Fifteen living-unrelated donors and 19 living-related donors received triple therapy (excluding sirolimus). A single bolus of 4 to 6 mg-kg rabbit anti-human T-lymphocyte immune serum was included with both regimens. Recipients were studied over a 3-year period. Human leukocyte antigen profiles were determined by DNA (SSP) typing, and anti-HLA class-I antibodies were determined by the complement-dependent microcytotoxicity assay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The degree of HLA disparity did not appear to affect anti-HLA antibody production or the occurrences of rejection episodes. None of the patients who received quadruple therapy developed anti-HLA class-I antibodies. Two living-unrelated donors and 2 living-related donors recipients who received triple therapy developed anti-HLA class-I antibodies. One of the 2 living-unrelated donors antibody-positive patients rejected the kidney and returned to dialysis, and the other patient has normal graft function 3 years after the transplant. The 2 living-related donors patients with normal graft function were antibody-positive 1 year after the transplant but were antibody-negative at 2 and 3 years after transplant. Sirolimus appeared to inhibit production of antibodies after transplant. Moreover, use of present day immunosuppressive agents diminishes the role of HLA matching in relation to the occurrence of rejection episodes. © 2009 Informa UK Ltd.BRADLEY BA, 1991, IMMUNOL LETT, V29, P55, DOI 10.1016-0165-2478(91)90199-K; Feucht HE, 2005, CURR OPIN NEPHROL HY, V14, P592, DOI 10.1097-01.mnh.0000168943.54115.ac; GILKS WR, 1987, TRANSPLANTATION, V43, P669, DOI 10.1097-00007890-198705000-00013; GRAILER A, 1991, TRANSPLANT P, V23, P314; Kowalski R, 2003, CLIN TRANSPLANT, V17, P77, DOI 10.1034-j.1399-0012.2003.00013.x; Mathieu CP, 1997, NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL, V12, P2133, DOI 10.1093-ndt-12.10.2133; Pescovitz MD, 2003, AM J TRANSPLANT, V3, P497, DOI 10.1034-j.1600-6143.2003.00065.x; Terasaki PI, 2005, TRANSPLANTATION, V80, P1194, DOI 10.1097-01.tp.0000174338.97313.5a; Terasaki PI, 2004, AM J TRANSPLANT, V4, P438, DOI 10.1111-j.1600-6143.2004.00360.x11

HLA allele associations and V-beta T-lymphocyte expansions in patients with psoriasis, harboring toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus

HLA alleles have been associated with psoriasis. Toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus behave as superantigens, and if present in patients, might play a role in the exacerbation of psoriatic lesions by activating certain V-beta (Vβ) T-lymphocyte subsets. Allele frequencies in 22 patients and 22 controls (alleles determined by DNA-SSP typing) were used to calculate a relative risk of 4.7 (P .05) for HLA-Cw6. S aureus was isolated from the throat of 11 patients. Enterotoxins A and C were detected by agglutination in the culture filtrate of one isolate. The enterotoxin A and-or C genes were detected by PCR in 9 isolates, and transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in 7 of them. None of the isolates from controls harbored enterotoxin genes. Vβ expansions were detected by RT-PCR in all 22 patients. Low or no Vβ expansions were obtained in controls. The association of HLA-Cw6 with psoriasis in Lebanese concurs with that reported for other ethnic groups. Toxin-producing isolates that colonize patients might play a role in the exacerbation of psoriatic lesions. © 2005 Rola Ajib et al.ABE J, 1991, J IMMUNOL, V146, P3747; Al-Daccak R, 1998, J IMMUNOL, V160, P225; Balaban N, 2000, INT J FOOD MICROBIOL, V61, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0168-1605(00)00377-9; Bos JD, 1999, IMMUNOL TODAY, V20, P40, DOI 10.1016-S0167-5699(98)01381-4; Davison SC, 2001, BRIT J DERMATOL, V145, P245, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2133.2001.04341.x; DUNN DA, 1993, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V90, P1267, DOI 10.1073-pnas.90.4.1267; HERMAN A, 1991, ANNU REV IMMUNOL, V9, P745; KOTZIN BL, 1993, ADV IMMUNOL, V54, P99, DOI 10.1016-S0065-2776(08)60534-9; KRUEGER GG, 1994, J INVEST DERMATOL, V102, pS14, DOI 10.1111-1523-1747.ep12386079; LEUNG DYM, 1995, J CLIN INVEST, V96, P2106, DOI 10.1172-JCI118263; LEUNG DYM, 1993, J INVEST DERMATOL, V100, P225, DOI 10.1111-1523-1747.ep12468941; Linden KG, 1999, AM J MED, V107, P595, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9343(99)00284-3; MARRACK P, 1990, SCIENCE, V248, P705, DOI 10.1126-science.2185544; Ortonne JP, 1996, BRIT J DERMATOL, V135, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-2133.1996.tb15660.x; Ortonne JP, 1999, BRIT J DERMATOL, V140, P1; ROSEN F, 2004, CASE STUDIES IMMUNOL; Stern RS, 1997, LANCET, V350, P349, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(97)05257-484