Институционально-правовой механизм формирования и функционирования рынка пожарной безопасности

Рассмотрены институционально-правовые основы обеспечения пожарной безопасности в Республике Беларусь. Организация системы пожарной безопасности представлена как общественное благо, обеспечить которым должно государство. Описаны основные подразделения и ведомства, обеспечивающие противопожарную защиту в стране. Изучены основные формы предпринимательской деятельности в области пожарной безопасности. Проанализировано распределение лицензируемых работ и услуг по направлениям деятельности и по областям страны. Дана авторская трактовка понятию «рынок пожарной безопасности», выделены специфические особенности функционирования данного рынка, описана его структура, предложена классификация видов товаров и услуг по обеспечению пожарной безопасности. Выделены основные функции государства в формировании и развитии рынка противопожарной защиты.The institutional and legal principles of providing fire safety in the Republic of Belarus are considered. Organization of the system of fire safety is presented as a public benefit which must be ensured by the state. The major divisions and departments ensuring fire safety in the country are described. The major types of business activity in the sphere of fire safety are studied. Distribution of licensed works and services according to the areas of activity and by the regions of the countries is analyzed. The author’s interpretation of the “fire safety market” no­tion is given, specific features of the operation of this market and its structure are described, classification of new types of goods and services for fire safety provision is proposed. The major functions of the state in the formation and development of the market of fire protection are marked out

Can performance indicators be used for pedagogic purposes in disaster medicine training?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although disaster simulation trainings were widely used to test hospital disaster plans and train medical staff, the teaching performance of the instructors in disaster medicine training has never been evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the performance indicators for measuring educational skill in disaster medicine training could indicate issues that needed improvement.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The educational skills of 15 groups attending disaster medicine instructor courses were evaluated using 13 measurable performance indicators. The results of each indicator were scored at 0, 1 or 2 according to the teaching performance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The total summed scores ranged from 17 to 26 with a mean of 22.67. Three indicators: <it>'Design'</it>, <it>'Goal' </it>and <it>'Target group' </it>received the maximum scores. Indicators concerning running exercises had significantly lower scores as compared to others.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Performance indicators could point out the weakness area of instructors' educational skills. Performance indicators can be used effectively for pedagogic purposes.</p

Disaster medicine- performance indicators, information support and documentation : A study of an evaluation tool

The science of disaster medicine is more a descriptive than analytical type. Research, in most instances, has not employed quantitative methods and there is very sparse knowledge based on analytical statistics. One consequence of this is that similar mistakes are repeated over and over. Lessons that should be learned are merely observed. Moreover, there are almost no practical or ethical ways in which randomised controlled studies can be performed. The management, command and control of situations on different levels of hierarchy has eldom been evaluated and there have been no standards against which performance can be evaluated. Furthermore, the documentation of decisions and staff work is rarely sufficient enough to evaluate command and control functions. Setting standards that may be used as templates for evaluation and research is an issue that is constantly being addressed by leading experts in the field of disaster medicine and this is also an important issue that is expressed in the Utstein Template. Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, templates of performance indicators were developed. These were tested on reports available from incidents, and our conclusion was that documentation in this form was not adequate enough for use in this method of evaluation. Documentation must be improved and data probably need to be captured and stored with the help of information systems. A template developed for the evaluation of medical command and control at the scene was tested in standardised examinations. When using this template in this setting it was possible to obtain specific information on those aspects of command and control that need to be improved. An information system using on-line Internet technique was studied twice. The first study concluded that in spite of technical disturbances the system was acceptable to the organisation but could not yet be recommended for use during major incidents. The second study concluded that the retrieval of information was, in all respects not as good as the control system, a conventional ambulance file system. In a study of staff procedure skills during training of management staffs in command and control it was concluded that documentation during training sessions was not adequate and this lack of staff procedure skills could possibly be a contributing factor to the fact that lessons in command and control are not learned from incidents. Conclusions in thesis are that measurable performance indicators can be used in the training of command and control. If performance indicators are to be used in real incidents and disasters, functioning information systems have to be developed. This may lead to a better knowledge of command and control and could possibly contribute to a process where lessons are learned and mistakes are not repeated

ORIGINAL RESEARCH Improved Staff Procedure Skills Lead to Improved Management Skills: An Observational Study in an Educational Setting

management skills; performance indicators; simulation exercise; staff procedure skills Abbreviations: None

Disaster medicine- performance indicators, information support and documentation : A study of an evaluation tool

The science of disaster medicine is more a descriptive than analytical type. Research, in most instances, has not employed quantitative methods and there is very sparse knowledge based on analytical statistics. One consequence of this is that similar mistakes are repeated over and over. Lessons that should be learned are merely observed. Moreover, there are almost no practical or ethical ways in which randomised controlled studies can be performed. The management, command and control of situations on different levels of hierarchy has eldom been evaluated and there have been no standards against which performance can be evaluated. Furthermore, the documentation of decisions and staff work is rarely sufficient enough to evaluate command and control functions. Setting standards that may be used as templates for evaluation and research is an issue that is constantly being addressed by leading experts in the field of disaster medicine and this is also an important issue that is expressed in the Utstein Template. Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, templates of performance indicators were developed. These were tested on reports available from incidents, and our conclusion was that documentation in this form was not adequate enough for use in this method of evaluation. Documentation must be improved and data probably need to be captured and stored with the help of information systems. A template developed for the evaluation of medical command and control at the scene was tested in standardised examinations. When using this template in this setting it was possible to obtain specific information on those aspects of command and control that need to be improved. An information system using on-line Internet technique was studied twice. The first study concluded that in spite of technical disturbances the system was acceptable to the organisation but could not yet be recommended for use during major incidents. The second study concluded that the retrieval of information was, in all respects not as good as the control system, a conventional ambulance file system. In a study of staff procedure skills during training of management staffs in command and control it was concluded that documentation during training sessions was not adequate and this lack of staff procedure skills could possibly be a contributing factor to the fact that lessons in command and control are not learned from incidents. Conclusions in thesis are that measurable performance indicators can be used in the training of command and control. If performance indicators are to be used in real incidents and disasters, functioning information systems have to be developed. This may lead to a better knowledge of command and control and could possibly contribute to a process where lessons are learned and mistakes are not repeated

Improved Staff Procedure Skills Lead to Improved Management Skills : An Observational Study in an Educational Setting

Introduction: Good staff procedure skills in a management group during incidents and disasters are believed to be a prerequisite for good management of the situation. However, this has not been demonstrated scientifically. Templates for evaluation results from performance indicators during simulation exercises have previously been tested. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the possibility that these indicators can be used as a tool for studying the relationship between good management skills and good staff procedure skills. Hypothesis: Good and structured work (staff procedure skills) in a hospital management group during simulation exercises in disaster medicine is related to good and timely decisions (good management skills). Methods: Results from 29 consecutive simulation exercises in which staff procedure skills and management skills were evaluated using quantitative measurements were included. The statistical analysis method used was simple linear regression with staff procedure skills as the response variable and management skills as the predictor variable. Results: An overall significant relationship was identified between staff pro-cedure skills and management skills (p ≤0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a relationship between staff procedure skills and management skills in the educational setting used. Future studies are needed to demonstrate if this also can be observed during actual incidents.      

Performance indicators - from theory to implementation: one method of scientific approach to disaster medicine

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a possible tool for the use of a quantitative research method that can be applied in disaster medicine. Method: Stepwise, using the technique of concept and process modelling, key processes in forms of performance indicators for command and control at disaster and major incidents were identified. A standard was linked to each indicator. Based in these indicators, an educational program was developed. In this program results from examinations were expressed in numbers and can thereby allow statistical methods to be applied. Results: Application of this model on prehospital command and control demonstrated weak and strong points. The method has been implemented in 13 out 21 regions and is used as a quality control tool. Conclusions: The use of performance indicators developed by using results from modelling processes could possibly serve as a tool for conducting quantitative research in disaster medicine.This is the English version of the original publication: Anders Rüter and Anders Vikström, Indicateurs de performance: De la théorie à la pratique. Approche scientifique à propos de la médicine de catastrophe, 2009, Urgence Pratique, (93), 41-44. Copyright French version: Urgence-Practique http://www.urgence-pratique.com/</p

Performance indicators - from theory to implementation: one method of scientific approach to disaster medicine

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a possible tool for the use of a quantitative research method that can be applied in disaster medicine. Method: Stepwise, using the technique of concept and process modelling, key processes in forms of performance indicators for command and control at disaster and major incidents were identified. A standard was linked to each indicator. Based in these indicators, an educational program was developed. In this program results from examinations were expressed in numbers and can thereby allow statistical methods to be applied. Results: Application of this model on prehospital command and control demonstrated weak and strong points. The method has been implemented in 13 out 21 regions and is used as a quality control tool. Conclusions: The use of performance indicators developed by using results from modelling processes could possibly serve as a tool for conducting quantitative research in disaster medicine.This is the English version of the original publication: Anders Rüter and Anders Vikström, Indicateurs de performance: De la théorie à la pratique. Approche scientifique à propos de la médicine de catastrophe, 2009, Urgence Pratique, (93), 41-44. Copyright French version: Urgence-Practique http://www.urgence-pratique.com/</p