31 research outputs found

    QualitÀtsparameter mobil erfasster Feinstaubsensordaten

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    Die vorliegende Dissertation zeigt, wie durch Geoinformationsanalysen mit QualitĂ€tsfaktoren hochdynamischer Daten umgegangen werden kann. Die QualitĂ€t von Geodaten wird von unterschiedlichen Parametern beeinflusst. Mobil erfasste Feinstaubsensordaten stehen jedoch im Einfluss weiterer Faktoren. Deshalb wird mithilfe einer experimentellen Analyse ĂŒberprĂŒft, ob die Beschreibung der Genauigkeit dieser Art von Daten mithilfe von Standards zur DatenqualitĂ€t von Geo- und Sensordaten möglich ist, oder ob dafĂŒr neue Kategorien definiert werden mĂŒssen. Außerdem werden statische und dynamische Dimensionen von Einflussfaktoren analysiert. In einem Experiment werden dafĂŒr Verkehrs- und Sensordaten erfasst. Analysiert werden die Einflussfaktoren Positionierungsgenauigkeit, Sensorspezifikationen, Fahrgeschwindigkeit, Sensorausrichtung, Witterungsbedingungen und Umgebungsverkehr. Die Methodik zur Analyse dieser Faktoren umfasst die Fachbereiche der angewandten Geoinformatik, der Geostatistik und des computerbasierten Sehens. Im Zuge einer experimentellen Fallstudie in Augsburg werden in einem Zeitraum von fĂŒnf Monaten drei SensordatensĂ€tze aufgezeichnet. Mithilfe von sechs Feinstaubsensoren, einem Temperatur- und Luftfeuchtigkeitssensor, einem GNSS-Sensor und einer Videokamera werden Verkehrs- und Sensordaten erfasst. Die Ergebnisse der Analysen zeigen, dass die Positionierungsgenauigkeit sowohl einen statischen, als auch einen dynamischen Einfluss auf die DatenqualitĂ€t nimmt. Statischen Einfluss nehmen die Sensorspezifikationen und die Sensorausrichtung. Von der Fahrgeschwindigkeit, den Witterungsbedingungen und dem Umgebungsverkehr geht ein dynamischer Einfluss aus. Mithilfe verschiedener Modelle aus dem maschinellen Lernen und den Einflussfaktoren als Prediktorvariablen kann darĂŒber hinaus die Feinstaubkonzentration in der Luft vorhergesagt werden, was die PrĂ€senz des Einflusses auf die DatenqualitĂ€t unterstreicht. Die untersuchten Einflussfaktoren stellen sich als ErgĂ€nzung zu den bereits existierenden Kategorien der DatenqualitĂ€t heraus. Im Zuge der Entwicklung neuer vernetzter Technologien in den Bereichen des autonomen Fahrens oder intelligenter Transportsysteme ist die Auseinandersetzung mit der DatenqualitĂ€t hochdynamischer SensordatensĂ€tze ein sehr wichtiger Punkt

    Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods

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    Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun’s position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≀1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented

    Innate PD-L1 limits T cell–mediated adipose tissue inflammation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity

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    Obesity has become a major health problem in the industrialized world. Immune regulation plays an important role in adipose tissue homeostasis; however, the initial events that shift the balance from a noninflammatory homeostatic environment toward inflammation leading to obesity are poorly understood. Here, we report a role for the costimulatory molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the limitation of diet-induced obesity. Functional ablation of PD-L1 on dendritic cells (DCs) using conditional knockout mice increased weight gain and metabolic syndrome during diet-induced obesity, whereas PD-L1 expression on type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), T cells, and macrophages was dispensable for obesity control. Using in vitro cocultures, DCs interacted with T cells and ILC2s via the PD-L1:PD-1 axis to inhibit T helper type 1 proliferation and promote type 2 polarization, respectively. A role for PD-L1 in adipose tissue regulation was also shown in humans, with a positive correlation between PD-L1 expression in visceral fat of people with obesity and elevated body weight. Thus, we define a mechanism of adipose tissue homeostasis controlled by the expression of PD-L1 by DCs, which may be a clinically relevant finding with regard to immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy

    Using cartograms for visualizing extended Floating Car Data (xFCD)

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    Examining the influence of road slope on carbon dioxide emission using extended floating car data

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    Traffic contributes to a high amount of total greenhouse gas emission. This paper examines the issue whether road slope has a significant influence on carbon dioxide emission when driving a car. CO2 measurements are temporally and spatially restricted when using conservative methods, so this work makes use of extended floating car data (xFCD). An experiment is being set up for collecting data, which has been acquired for four months using an xFCD-equipped vehicle. In this time period, about 100 recordings have been acquired. Findings include a moderate positive correlation between road slope and CO2 pollution. This fact has been substantiated by a Pearson Correlation analysis. Consequently, an influence of slope on greenhouse gas emissions appears to be present for a certain local area

    Die wohlgewachsene Lilie/ Bey Dem seeligen Hin[n]tritt Der ... Jungfer Johanna Christina Ottin/ [Tit.] Hn. Johann Christoph Ottens/ Sr. Chur-FĂŒrstl. Durchl. zu Sachsen ... Hoff-Fischers zu Dreßden/ Liebgewesenen Jungfer Tochter

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    Denen HochbetrĂŒbten Eltern ... zum Troste vorgestellet von M. Johann Christian Rögern/ Cygn.Erscheinungsjahr anhand der Wirkungszeit des Druckers geschĂ€tz

    Indoor Mapping for Human Navigation – A Low-Cost SLAM Solution. GI_Forum|GI_Forum 2018, Volume 1 |

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    This paper introduces a low-cost Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) implementation for generating geodata for human-navigable maps. In contrast to prevalent thinking, we maintain that navigation by people who are not mobility-impaired does not need accurate maps down to millimetres or even centimetres. Basically, there is a need only to map the boundaries of spaces and to highlight walkable places and areas of potential decisions. The SLAM system presented here consists of an Arduino-based robot and controlling SLAMTerminal software. A case study conducted at the University of Augsburg, Germany shows that the proposed SLAM implementation is capable of producing a map suitable for helping pedestrians to navigate
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