Body composition analysis of athletes from the elite of Brazilian soccer players Análise da composição corporal de atletas da elite do futebol brasileiro

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the body composition and bone mineral density of elite Brazilian soccer players and compared its differences according to the player position. Eighty-two soccer players competing at Brazilian first division were split according to their field positions: Goalkeepers (GK, n= 10), Backfielders (BF, n= 10), Lateral-midfielders (LM, n= 15), Central-midfielders (CM, n= 25), Forwards (FW, n= 22), and a Control Group (CG, n= 72) of university students. To estimate fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), percentage of body fat (%FM), fat free mass of legs (FFM-Legs) and bone mineral density (BMD), a DEXA was selected. The positions LM (10.5 ± 5.2), CM (9.7 ± 4.0) and FW (9.9 ± 4.4) had lower values of FM and %FM than the GK (17.3 ± 6.0) and the control group (15.0 ± 5.3). Compared to the other positions, FFM was higher in the GK (68.2 ± 10.9) and BF (64.6 ± 6.8) (p< 0.05). All the soccer players were different from the CG (p< 0.05). Soccer players have an FFM, FFM-Legs and BMD significantly higher and FM and %FM lower than the control group. Keywords: athletes, muscle mass, bone density, DXA RESUMO Este estudo analisou a composição corporal e densidade mineral óssea de atletas da elite do futebol brasileiro e comparar as diferenças entre as posições de jogo. Oitenta e dois jogadores de futebol da primeira divisão do Brasil foram divididos de acordo com a posição de jogo. Goleiros (GL, n= 10), Defensores (DF, n= 10), Laterais (LT, n= 15), Centrais (CT, n= 25), Atacantes (AT, n= 22) e um grupo controle (CG, n= 72). Para estimar a massa livre de gordura (MLG), massa gorda (MG), percentual de massa gorda (%MG), massa livre de gordura de pernas (MLG-Pernas) e densidade mineral óssea (DMO), foi usado o DEXA. A posição LT (10.5 ± 5.2), CT (9.7 ± 4.0) e AT (9.9 ± 4.4) apresentaram menores valores de MG e %MG que os GL (17.3 ± 6.0) e GC (15.0 ± 5.3). Comparado a outras posições, a MLG foi maior nos GL (68.2 ± 10.9) e DF (64.6 ± 6.8) (p< 0.05). Todos os jogadores apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação ao grupo controle (p< 0.05). Em suma, conclui-se que atletas da elite do futebol brasileiro apresentaram significativamente maior MLG, MLG-Pernas, DMO e menor MG e %MG que o grupo controle. Palavras-chave: atletas, massa muscular; densidade mineral óssea Manuscrip

Comparison of Fetal Nuchal Fold Thickness Measurements by Two- and Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography (3DXI Multislice View)

Purpose. To compare the measurements of fetal nuchal fold (NF) thickness by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using the three-dimensional extended imaging (3DXI). Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed with 60 healthy pregnant women with a gestational age between 16 and 20 weeks and 6 days. The 2D-NF measurements were made as the distance from the outer skull bone to the outer skin surface in the transverse axial image in the suboccipital-bregmatic plane of the head. For the 3D we employed the 3DXI multislice view software, in which 3 × 2 tomographic planes was displayed on the screen and the distance between the tomographic slices was 0.5 mm. Maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation were calculated for 2D and 3D ultrasonography, as well the maximum and minimum, mean, and standard deviation for the difference between both methods. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the two different techniques. Results. 2D-NF showed a mean of thickness of 3.52 ± 0.95 mm (1.69–7.14). The mean of 3D-NF was 3.90 ± 1.02 mm (2.13–7.72). The mean difference between the methods was 0.38 mm, with a maximum difference of 3.12 mm. Conclusion. The NF thickness measurements obtained by 3D ultrasonography were significantly larger than those detected with 2D ultrasonography

Physical activity of parents and of their children: a systematic review of Brazilian sample studies – Report Card Brazil

The aim of this study was systematically review the researches in regard the association of PA of parents and the PA of their children. A literature search was performed in five databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs and SciELO) using combined terms about youth, PA and social support, with restriction to publications with Brazilian sample and to English and Portuguese language. Thirteen studies were included in this review and was observed a positive association of parental PA and the PA of their children for the majority of the studies (n=11). Only two studies did not observed significant association between PA of parents and their children and, otherwise, it was not observed negative associations in the review. It was observed different associations according to the gender of both parents and children. This findings support the importance for the practice of PA by parents as encouragement for the practice of PA by their children among Brazilians. The strategies to promote the increase in practice of physical activity of children and adolescents of both genders may consider the social support as an important factor, especially in relation to the practice of PA of their parents

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND LIFESTYLE HABITS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: Sleep quality in college students

The aim of this study was to verify sleep quality, as well as its determinants, among college students of a private university in Brazil. The sample consisted of 303 college students. Sleep quality was assessed by questionnaire, and other variables included current physical activity, previous physical activity, sedentary behavior, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and employment. We found a significant association between bad sleep quality and body mass index (p-value = 0.001), alcohol consumption (p-value = 0.001), smoking (p-value = 0.005) and employment (p-value = 0.030). However, having a job was considered a protective factor for bad sleep quality (OR = 0.66 [0.40;0.98]), regardless of other factors. College students present a high prevalence of altered sleep, having as determinants alcohol consumption, smoking, overweight, and obesity. On the other hand, being employed was shown to be a protective factor for bad sleep quality.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a qualidade do sono, bem como seus determinantes, entre estudantes universitários de uma universidade privada no Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 303 estudantes universitários. A qualidade do sono foi avaliada por questionário, e outras variáveis incluíram atividade física atual, atividade física anterior, comportamento sedentário, índice de massa corporal, consumo de álcool, tabagismo e emprego. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre má qualidade do sono e índice de massa corporal (valor p = 0,001), consumo de álcool (valor p = 0,001), tabagismo (valor p = 0,005) e emprego (valor p = 0,030). No entanto, ter um emprego foi considerado um fator protetor para a má qualidade do sono (OR = 0,66 [0,40; 0,98]), independentemente de outros fatores. Estudantes universitários apresentam alta prevalência de sono alterado, tendo como determinantes o consumo de álcool, tabagismo, sobrepeso e obesidade. Por outro lado, estar empregado mostrou-se um fator protetor para a má qualidade do sono

Use of sample size calculation in scientific research in Brazilian Physical Education journals

The mistaken use of biostatistics in scientific research involves methodological errors both in the research itself as in its analyses. Among these, the lack of sample size calculation, considered essential for validation and credibility of results, is often found. The aim of the study was to determine how often sample size calculation is used in articles published in Physical Education national journals. The study included only national scientific journals ranked as A1 and B2 by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), which analyzed only articles available in full and published in the period from 2010 to 2012. Review articles, letter to the editor, points of view and original articles that did not perform any statistical analysis were excluded. Approximately 15 % of articles analyzed performed sample size calculation and no difference between these proportions over the years were identified. Differences between Physical Education subareas (education, health and sport) were observed, being lower in sport (p = 0.001) compared to other subareas. Journals classified as B2 showed higher use of sample size calculation in relation to those classified as B1 (p = 0.013) and A2 (p = 0.007). The use of sample size calculation in scientific research published in Physical Education national journals in the period from 2010 to 2012 was not satisfactory, especially in sport subarea. Moreover, no evolution on the use of sample size calculation over the years analyzed was observed.O emprego equivocado da bioestatística nas pesquisas científicas implica em erros metodológicos tanto na condução quanto nas análises das mesmas. Dentre estes, a ausência do cálculo amostral, considerado primordial para validação e credibilidade dos resultados, é frequentemente encontrado. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar com que frequência o cálculo amostral é empregado nos artigos publicados em periódicos nacionais de Educação Física. Foram incluídos no estudo somente periódicos científicos nacionais classificados entre A1 e B2 pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), dos quais foram analisados somente artigos originais disponíveis na íntegra e publicados no período de 2010 a 2012. Foram excluídos do estudo artigos de revisão, carta ao editor, ponto de vista e artigos originais que não realizaram nenhum tipo de análise estatística. Aproximadamente 15% dos artigos analisados realizaram cálculo amostral; não houve diferença entre as proporções destes ao longo dos anos. Observou-se diferença entre as subáreas da Educação Física (educação, saúde e esporte), sendo menor na subárea esporte (p=0,001) em relação às demais. Os periódicos classificados como B2 apresentaram maior uso do cálculo amostral em relação àqueles classificados como B1 (p=0,013) e A2 (p=0,007). O emprego do cálculo amostral em pesquisas científicas publicadas em periódicos nacionais de Educação Física no período de 2010 a 2012 não foi satisfatório, especialmente na subárea esporte. Além disso, não foi observada uma evolução do uso do cálculo amostral ao longo dos anos analisados.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Body composition analysis of athletes from the elite of Brazilian soccer players

<p class="ResumoAbstract"><span lang="EN-US">This study analyzed the body composition and bone mineral density of elite Brazilian soccer players and compared its differences according to the player position. Eighty-two soccer players competing at Brazilian first division were split according to their field positions: Goalkeepers (GK, n= 10), Back-fielders (BF, n= 10), Lateral-mid</span><span>fi</span><span lang="EN-US">elders (LM, n= 15), Central-mid</span><span>fi</span><span lang="EN-US">elders (CM, n= 25), Forwards (FW, n= 22), and a Control Group (CG, n= 72) of university students. To estimate fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), percentage of body fat (%FM), fat free mass of legs (FFM-Legs) and bone mineral density (BMD), a DE</span><span lang="EN-US">XA was selected. The positions LM (10.5 ± 5.2), CM (9.7 ± 4.0) and FW (9.9 ± 4.4) had lower values of FM and %FM than the GK (17.3 ± 6.0) and the control group (15.0 ± 5.3). Compared to the other positions, FFM was higher in the GK (68.2 ± 10.9) and BF (64.6 ± 6.8) (<em>p</em>&lt; 0.05). All the soccer players were different from the CG (<em>p</em>&lt; 0.05). Soccer players have an FFM, FFM-Legs and BMD significantly higher and FM and %FM lower than the control group.</span></p

Prevalência de síndrome metabólica e fatores associados em adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos

A adoção de comportamentos de risco à saúde (reduzido nível de atividade física habitual, consumo inadequado de alimentos e nutrientes, entre outros) tem aumentado a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, particularmente, em adolescentes. Assim, o número de disfunções e doenças metabólicas tem crescido nesta população. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica (SM) e analisar a sua associação com a prática esportiva e excesso de peso em adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos. Seiscentos e oitenta e três meninos (n = 301) e meninas (n = 382) foram selecionados aleatoriamente para comporem a amostra. A prevalência de SM foi estabelecida com base nos valores de glicose em jejum, triglicerídeos, lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-c), circunferência de cintura e pressão arterial, de acordo com os pontos de corte recomendados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (2005). O estado nutricional, prática de esporte, nível socioeconômico e consumo de álcool foram analisados como fatores de risco associados a SM. A presença de um ou mais fatores de risco foi identificada em 39,5% e 22,5% da amostra, respectivamente. Os componentes da SM mais prevalentes foram HDL-c reduzida (44,7%), pressão arterial sistólica elevada (32,4%) e triglicérides elevado (18,6%). A presença de SM foi associada ao excesso de peso e a ausência da prática de esportes (P < 0,05). Os resultados indicaram uma prevalência total de SM na ordem de 5,4% em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Adicionalmente, o excesso de peso e ausência da prática de esportes foram os principais fatores associados com a SM

Changes in leisure physical activity, commuting and television watching in men and women users of the Brazilian National Health System in a middle-sized city: 18-months of follow-up

Given the importance of physical activity for health promotion and for the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, the Unified Health System (SUS) has changed its strategy of action in the last decades, trying to adopt preventive activities, seeking better quality of life of the Brazilian population and reduce costs with treatment of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in users of the Brazilian National Unified Health System during 18 months and the impact of sex and time on such variables. One hundred and ninety-eight participants (58 men and 140 women) were evaluated. Physical activity level was assessed using the Baecke questionnaire. Men had higher scores in all physical activity variables compared to women: walking (p-value = 0.013), cycling (p-value = 0.001) and commuting (p-value= 0.007), but not for TV watching (p-value = 0.362). After 18 months, in the overall sample, walking score increased 25.9% (95%CI = 10.6 to 41.1), but not cycling (1.5% [95%CI = -2.7 to 5.7]), commuting (14.4% [95%CI = -0.4 to 29.3]) and TV watching (1.6% [95%CI = -5.7 to 9.1]). Men were usually more active than women in active behaviors, but not in TV watching. However, differences over time were similar between sexes