Spectral inequality for an Oseen operator in a two dimensional channel

We prove a Lebeau-Robbiano spectral inequality for the Oseen operator in a two dimensional channel, that is, the linearized Navier-Stokes operator around a laminar flow, with no-slip boundary conditions. The operator being non-self-adjoint, we place ourself into the abstract setting of [12], and prove the spectral inequaltiy through the derivation of a proper Carleman estimate. In the spirit of [4], we handle the vorticity near the boundary by using the characteristics sets of $P_ϕ$ or $Q_{ϕ0}$ in the different microlocal regions of the cotangent space. As a consequence of the spectral inequality, we derive a new estimate of the cost of the control for the small-time null-controllability

Implications of Proprotein Convertases in Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation and Tumor Progression: Insights for PACE4 as a Therapeutic Target

AbstractProprotein convertases are a family of kexin-like serine proteases that process proteins at single and multiple basic residues. Among the predicted and identified PC substrates, an increasing number of proteins having functions in cancer progression indicate that PCs may be potential targets for antineoplastic drugs. In support of this notion, we identified PACE4 as a vital PC involved in prostate cancer proliferation and progression, contrasting with the other co-expressed PCs. The aim of the present study was to test the importance of PCs in ovarian cancer cell proliferation and tumor progression. Based on tissue-expression profiles, furin, PACE4, PC5/6 and PC7 all displayed increased expression in primary tumor, ascites cells and metastases. These PCs were also expressed in variable levels in three model ovarian cell lines tested, namely SKOV3, CAOV3 and OVCAR3 cells. Since SKOV3 cells closely represented the PC expression profile of ovarian cancer cells, we chose them to test the effects of PC silencing using stable gene-silencing shRNA strategy to generate knockdown SKOV3 cells for each expressed PC. In vitro and in vivo assays confirmed the role of PACE4 in the sustainment of SKOV3 cell proliferation, which was not observed with the other three PCs. We also tested PACE4 peptide inhibitors on all three cell lines and observed consequent reduced cell proliferation which was correlated with PACE4 expression. Overall, these data support a role of PACE4 in promoting cell proliferation in ovarian cancer and provides further evidence for PACE4 as a potential therapeutic target

Les perceptions conscientes de soi chez les enfants normaux de huit ans

Au terme de cette étude, quelques réflexions se dégagent. Elles ont trait à nos hypothèses. Ce qui a fait l'objet de nos hypothèses au point de départ, s'est vérifié intégralement pour quelques-unes de nos hypothèses. Notre instrument s'applique au niveau des enfants normaux de huit ans. Notre instrument est fidèle au test retest. Pour ce qui est de nos deux dernières hypothèses, nous constatons d'abord, qu'à huit ans, il existe une hiérarchie des perceptions de soi chez les enfants normaux. Nous observons toutefois, le phénomène des perceptions intemédiaires qui se situent entre les perceptions centrales et secondaires. À titre d'hypothèse, l'explication fondamentale de ce phénomène semble être reliée à un processus génétique. Nous croyons, en effet, que ce phénomène rend compte qu'à cet âge, il s'effectue un passage, une fluctuation entre les perceptions centrales et secondaires. En d'autre termes, nous voulons dire qu'il y a des perceptions qui ont tendance à devenir centrales et que d'autres ont tendance à devenir secondaires. À notre avis, il n'y a qu'une étude génétique des perceptions de soi à-travers les âges qui viendra expliquer ce phénomène. Ce qui attire notre attention, enfin, c'est le fait qu'il n'existe pas de différence significative entre les perceptions de soi des garçons avec celles des filles, à huit ans. Nous ne trouvons que des tendances diverses entre les deux groupes qui ne sont pas significativement différentes au plan de la statistique. Notre analyse de contenu tente de faire ressortir ces tendances. Au point de vue dynamique cette absence de différence attire notre attention et avant de terminer nous voulons en tenter une interprétation. Cette absence de différence surprend, car elle va à l'encontre des théories relatives aux différences qui existent entre les sexes. Entre autre, elle va à l'encontre de la psychanalyse qui suppose qu'il existe des différences entre les sexes et que ces différences sont dues à la sexualité propre des différents sexes

Les perceptions conscientes de soi chez les enfants normaux de huit ans

Au terme de cette étude, quelques réflexions se dégagent. Elles ont trait à nos hypothèses. Ce qui a fait l'objet de nos hypothèses au point de départ, s'est vérifié intégralement pour quelques-unes de nos hypothèses. Notre instrument s'applique au niveau des enfants normaux de huit ans. Notre instrument est fidèle au test retest. Pour ce qui est de nos deux dernières hypothèses, nous constatons d'abord, qu'à huit ans, il existe une hiérarchie des perceptions de soi chez les enfants normaux. Nous observons toutefois, le phénomène des perceptions intemédiaires qui se situent entre les perceptions centrales et secondaires. À titre d'hypothèse, l'explication fondamentale de ce phénomène semble être reliée à un processus génétique. Nous croyons, en effet, que ce phénomène rend compte qu'à cet âge, il s'effectue un passage, une fluctuation entre les perceptions centrales et secondaires. En d'autre termes, nous voulons dire qu'il y a des perceptions qui ont tendance à devenir centrales et que d'autres ont tendance à devenir secondaires. À notre avis, il n'y a qu'une étude génétique des perceptions de soi à-travers les âges qui viendra expliquer ce phénomène. Ce qui attire notre attention, enfin, c'est le fait qu'il n'existe pas de différence significative entre les perceptions de soi des garçons avec celles des filles, à huit ans. Nous ne trouvons que des tendances diverses entre les deux groupes qui ne sont pas significativement différentes au plan de la statistique. Notre analyse de contenu tente de faire ressortir ces tendances. Au point de vue dynamique cette absence de différence attire notre attention et avant de terminer nous voulons en tenter une interprétation. Cette absence de différence surprend, car elle va à l'encontre des théories relatives aux différences qui existent entre les sexes. Entre autre, elle va à l'encontre de la psychanalyse qui suppose qu'il existe des différences entre les sexes et que ces différences sont dues à la sexualité propre des différents sexes

Sublingual immunotherapy tablet for the treatment of house dust mite allergic rhinitis in Canada: an alternative to minimize treatment costs?

Abstract Background A cost-minimization analysis (CMA) was performed to estimate the economic impact of introducing the SQ house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (SQ HDM SLIT)-tablet marketed as ACARIZAX™ (regulatory approval May 2017) for the treatment of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis in Canada (Ontario and Quebec), where house dust mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (HDM SCIT) is already an available treatment option. Methods A CMA was deemed appropriate and was based on the assumption that the SQ HDM SLIT-tablet has comparable efficacy to HDM SCIT. A societal perspective was adopted in the model, including relevant costs of medications, health care services and productivity loss. A 3 year time horizon was used corresponding to a recommended treatment course of allergy immunotherapy. Resource use and costs were based on published sources, where possible, and validated and complemented by a Canadian specialist clinician (allergist) in active practice in Ontario and in Quebec, respectively, where applicable. A discount rate of 1.5% was applied in accordance with the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) guidelines. To assess the robustness of the results, sensitivity analyses were performed by testing alternative assumptions for selected parameters, to understand their impact on the results of the analysis. Results The direct treatment costs for a 3-year treatment with SQ HDM SLIT-tablets were higher than for HDM SCIT for both provinces, Ontario and Quebec ($4732.12 and$4829.03 vs. $3434.51 and$2987.74). However, when adding the indirect costs to the model, total savings for the treatment with SQ HDM SLIT-tablets of $1833.00 for Ontario and$769.03 for Quebec were observed. Sensitivity analyses with varying HDM SCIT resource use, discount rates, titration and maintenance injections, nurse time, and number of injections per vial resulted in savings of SQ HDM SLIT-tablets over HDM SCIT in all scenarios analysed. Conclusions The CMA indicates that SQ HDM SLIT-tablets are a cost-minimizing alternative to HDM SCIT when considered from a societal perspective in Ontario and Quebec

Minimization of ragweed allergy immunotherapy costs through use of the sublingual immunotherapy tablet in Canadian children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Abstract Background Allergy immunotherapy (AIT), in the form of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with alum-precipitated aqueous extracts, SCIT with a modified ragweed pollen allergen tyrosine adsorbate (MRPATA; Pollinex®-R), or a sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablet are options for the treatment of ragweed pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) in Canadian children. A cost minimization analysis evaluated the economic implications of the use of the ragweed SLIT-tablet vs SCIT in Canadian children with ragweed ARC. Methods A cost minimization analysis was conducted comparing the short ragweed SLIT-tablet, 12 Amb a 1-U, preseasonally with preseasonal ragweed SCIT, annual ragweed SCIT, or MRPATA. The analysis was conducted over a time horizon of 3 years from a public payer perspective in Ontario and Quebec. Resources and costs associated with medication and services of healthcare professionals were considered for each treatment. The resource and cost input values for the model were obtained from published literature and validated by Canadian clinical experts in active allergy practice. A discount rate of 1.5% was applied. Several scenario analyses were conducted to determine the impact of many of the key base case assumptions on the outcomes. Results Over the total 3-year time horizon, the ragweed SLIT-tablet had a potential cost savings of $900.14 in Ontario and$1023.14 in Quebec when compared with preseasonal ragweed SCIT, of $6613.22 in Ontario and$8750.64 in Quebec when compared with annual ragweed SCIT, and $79.62 in Ontario and$429.49 in Quebec when compared with MRPATA. The ragweed SLIT-tablet had higher drug costs compared with the other AIT options, but lower costs for healthcare professional services. The lower costs for healthcare professional services with the ragweed SLIT-tablet were driven by the need for fewer office visits than SCIT. Scenario analysis indicated that costs were most impacted by including societal costs (e.g., costs associated with patient/caregiver travel and time lost). The potential cost savings of the ragweed SLIT-tablet versus SCIT and MRPATA was maintained in most scenarios. Conclusions In this cost minimization analysis, the ragweed SLIT-tablet provided estimated cost savings from a public payer perspective for the treatment of ragweed ARC in Canadian children compared with SCIT or MRPATA

L'Estuaire, vol. 22 (2)

Éditorial -- Le tourisme en Gaspésie -- La maison Lamontagne: une habitation, une histoire -- L'Est du Québec et la contrebande d'alcool -- La mouvance de la population: entrevue avec Alain O'Leary -- L'incroyable et romanesque aventure de demoiselle Marguerite de La Roque en Basse-Côte-Nord (1542-1543) -- Chroniques rimouskoises: Le prix du Prince-de-Galles et le séminaire de Rimouski -- L'épidémie de 1733 et la famille Gosselin -- Vieux écrits: le comté de Matane (Arthur Buies) (suite et fin) -- La cathédrale du Christ-Roi de Gaspé: symbole de persévérance et d'implication communautaire -- Nouvelles brèves -- Des livres à lire

Simulation-based education to improve management of refractory anaphylaxis in an allergy clinic

Abstract Background High-fidelity simulations based on real-life clinical scenarios have frequently been used to improve patient care, knowledge and teamwork in the acute care setting. Still, they are seldom included in the allergy-immunology curriculum or continuous medical education. Our main goal was to assess if critical care simulations in allergy improved performance in the clinical setting. Methods Advanced anaphylaxis scenarios were designed by a panel of emergency, intensive care unit, anesthesiology and allergy-immunology specialists and then adapted for the adult allergy clinic setting. This simulation activity included a first part in the high-fidelity simulation-training laboratory and a second at the adult allergy clinic involving actors and a high-fidelity mannequin. Participants filled out a questionnaire, and qualitative interviews were performed with staff after they had managed cases of refractory anaphylaxis. Results Four nurses, seven allergy-immunology fellows and six allergy/immunologists underwent the simulation. Questionnaires showed a perceived improvement in aspects of crisis and anaphylaxis management. The in-situ simulation revealed gaps in the process, which were subsequently resolved. Qualitative interviews with participants revealed a more rapid and orderly response and improved confidence in their abilities and that of their colleagues to manage anaphylaxis. Conclusion High-fidelity simulations can improve the management of anaphylaxis in the allergy clinic and team confidence. This activity was instrumental in reducing staff reluctance to perform high-risk challenges in the ambulatory setting, thus lifting a critical barrier for implementing oral immunotherapy at our adult center