Batalha Naval Matemática: um relato da aplicação de jogos matemáticos no Ensino Fundamental

O artigo apresenta o relato da aplicação do jogo Batalha Naval Matemática como elemento lúdico para o ensino de Matemática. A atividade foi aplicada em uma turma do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental II visando discutir o tema “equações de 1º grau”. O jogo segue a mesma lógica do tradicional “Batalha Naval” em termos de objetivo e jogabilidade: localizar os navios adversários através de “tiros” dados verbalmente em uma matriz de linhas e colunas. Porém, a cada rodada, os alunos podem realizar uma “salva de tiros”, que permite ao jogador efetuar mais de um tiro na mesma rodada. Esse ataque é concedido à equipe que for capaz de resolver um problema matemático, previamente, sorteado de uma lista. Os alunos envolveram-se no projeto e manifestaram, ao final, sua satisfação por terem momentos de aprendizado matemático que fogem à forma tradicional de ensino dessa ciência

Intramedullary tumors in children: analysis of 24 operated cases Tumores intramedulares em crianças: análise de 24 casos operados

Intramedullary tumors are rare. The authors reviewed 24 cases operated between 1996 and 2006. The study assessed the clinical characteristics and surgical results based upon the neurological function. METHOD: Medical records of patients with intramedullary astrocytoma and ependymoma were reviewed. The minimal follow up time was 6 months and, at the end of this period, a comparative analysis of the neurological function was performed based using the McCormick scale score. RESULTS: Most patients had astrocytoma (75%). Male gender was more prevalent (58.3%). The most common type of tumor was graded as I or II, and in three cases these were malignant. The total resection of the tumor was achieved in 20.8% of the cases. The statistical analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative grades at McCormick scale. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that microsurgery to intramedullary tumors did not significantly alter the neurological function after six months.Os tumores intramedulares são doenças raras. Os autores analisaram 24 casos operados entre 1996 e 2006. O estudo analisou as características clínicas e o resultado da cirurgia quanto à função neurológica. MÉTODO: Foram analisados pacientes com astrocitomas e ependimomas intramedulares. O tempo mínimo de acompanhamento foi de 6 meses e ao final deste período foi realizada a avaliação comparativa da variação do estado neurológico baseado na escala de McCormick. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes era de astrocitoma (75%). O gênero masculino foi mais prevalente (58,3%). A maioria dos tumores era de grau I ou II, 3 casos eram malignos. A ressecção total do tumor ocorreu em 20,8% dos casos. A avaliação estatística demonstrou que não houve diferença significativa entre o estado neurológico na escala de McCormick pré-operatória e pós-operatória. CONCLUSÕES: Os autores concluem que a microcirurgia para ressecção dos tumores intramedulares não ocasionou variação funcional significativa nos pacientes após seis meses da cirurgia

STRATEGIES FOR USE OF GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS OF BEANS – THE CASE OF \u3ci\u3ePHASEOLUS VULGARIS\u3c/i\u3e AT EMBRAPA TEMPERATE CLIMATE

INTRODUCTION The genetic resources of plants have historically constituted the basis for the development of world agriculture comprising in such way the instrument of greater significance to the food safety of human populations. Germplasm collections make up the building for the conservation of these resources, realizing from the more traditional forms, such as are found at the level farmer’s production units, where are found the guardians of seeds, up to the most complex and institutional germplasm banks as of national and international organizations. The latter have significant numbers of entries obtained through specific expeditions for collection or through donations made by farmers, predominantly guardians of seeds. The International Centre for Tropical Agriculture-CIAT, located in Colombia, for example, has more than 36,000 entries. The uses that are given to material stored in Germplasm Banks are usually limited to the development of new cultivars in breeding programs, meaning that an extremely low number of accesses has been exploited. The present work presents the structure of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) collection at Embrapa Clima Temperado and reveals adopted strategies aiming to dynamize the use of this collection

Effects of diaphragmatic contraction on lower limb venous return and central hemodynamic parameters contrasting healthy subjects versus heart failure patients at rest and during exercise

The main objective was to assess the effects of abdominal breathing (AB) versus subject’s own breathing on femoral venous blood flow (Qfv) and their repercussions on central hemodynamics at rest and during exercise contrasting healthy subjects versus heart failure (HF) patients. We measured esophageal and gastric pressure (PGA), Qfv and parameters of central hemodynamics in eight healthy subjects and nine HF patients, under four conditions: subject’s own breathing and AB (ΔPGA ≥ 6 cmH2O) at rest and during knee extension exercises (15% of 1 repetition maximum) until exhaustion. Qfv and parameters of central hemodynamics [stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO)] were measured using Doppler ultrasound and impedance cardiography, respectively. At rest, healthy subjects Qfv, SV, and CO were higher during AB than subject’s breathing (0.11 0.02 vs. 0.06 0.00 L min 1, 58.7 3.4 vs. 50.1 4.1 mL and 4.4 0.2 vs. 3.8 0.1 L min 1, respectively, P ≤ 0.05). ΔSV correlated with ΔPGA during AB (r = 0.89, P ≤ 0.05). This same pattern of findings induced by AB was observed during exercise (SV: 71.1 4.1 vs. 65.5 4.1 mL and CO: 6.3 0.4 vs. 5.2 0.4 L min 1; P ≤ 0.05); however, Qfv did not reach statistical significance. The HF group tended to increase their Qfv during AB (0.09 0.01 vs. 0.07 0.03 L min 1, P = 0.09). On the other hand, unlike the healthy subjects, AB did not improve SV or CO neither at rest nor during exercise (P > 0.05). In healthy subjects, abdominal pump modulated venous return improved SV and CO at rest and during exercise. In HF patients, with elevated right atrial and vena caval system pressures, these findings were not observed