On the Generalization Effects of Linear Transformations in Data Augmentation

Data augmentation is a powerful technique to improve performance in applications such as image and text classification tasks. Yet, there is little rigorous understanding of why and how various augmentations work. In this work, we consider a family of linear transformations and study their effects on the ridge estimator in an over-parametrized linear regression setting. First, we show that transformations which preserve the labels of the data can improve estimation by enlarging the span of the training data. Second, we show that transformations which mix data can improve estimation by playing a regularization effect. Finally, we validate our theoretical insights on MNIST. Based on the insights, we propose an augmentation scheme that searches over the space of transformations by how uncertain the model is about the transformed data. We validate our proposed scheme on image and text datasets. For example, our method outperforms RandAugment by 1.24% on CIFAR-100 using Wide-ResNet-28-10. Furthermore, we achieve comparable accuracy to the SoTA Adversarial AutoAugment on CIFAR datasets.Comment: International Conference on Machine learning (ICML) 2020. Added experimental results on ImageNe

Old Techniques for New Join Algorithms: A Case Study in RDF Processing

Recently there has been significant interest around designing specialized RDF engines, as traditional query processing mechanisms incur orders of magnitude performance gaps on many RDF workloads. At the same time researchers have released new worst-case optimal join algorithms which can be asymptotically better than the join algorithms in traditional engines. In this paper we apply worst-case optimal join algorithms to a standard RDF workload, the LUBM benchmark, for the first time. We do so using two worst-case optimal engines: (1) LogicBlox, a commercial database engine, and (2) EmptyHeaded, our prototype research engine with enhanced worst-case optimal join algorithms. We show that without any added optimizations both LogicBlox and EmptyHeaded outperform two state-of-the-art specialized RDF engines, RDF-3X and TripleBit, by up to 6x on cyclic join queries-the queries where traditional optimizers are suboptimal. On the remaining, less complex queries in the LUBM benchmark, we show that three classic query optimization techniques enable EmptyHeaded to compete with RDF engines, even when there is no asymptotic advantage to the worst-case optimal approach. We validate that our design has merit as EmptyHeaded outperforms MonetDB by three orders of magnitude and LogicBlox by two orders of magnitude, while remaining within an order of magnitude of RDF-3X and TripleBit

Geosciences in professional education: a comparative study between Brazil and Portugal

Brazil faces educational and environmental crisis that enhance the importance of valuing geoscientific contents in school curricula, especially in basic education. The modality of technical education integrated to high school courses (TEIHSC) open broad possibilities to build an integrated view of nature and of human interference. However, the current situation is one of great fragmentation of contents and diversification of teaching­learning approaches. As a contribution to understand better the national reality, the present project aims to carry out a survey of geoscientific themes present in the Brazilian official curricula of TEIHSC courses and in the curricula of secondary professional education of public schools in Portugal. The distribution of technical schools in TEIHSC teaching modality comprises the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo and even in the official curricula of federal technical schools situated in these states. This project should discuss curricular convergences and divergences from the background of the following courses: a) Brasil: Agriculture, Surveying, Agro livestock, Environmental control, Forestry, Environment, Mining Oil and Gas; b) Portugal: Environmental Management, Food and Beverage Outlets, Forest and Environmental Resources, Tourism, Environmental and Rural Tourism, Viti winery. The investigation will produce a comprehensive panorama of proposals for including geoscientific contents within this type of school integrative curriculum. The debate should attempt to recompose the basic needs to help citizens for taking well­founded decisions about socioeconomic, political and environmental changes

Geosciences in professional education: a comparative study between Brazil and Portugal

sem InformaçãoBrazil faces educational and environmental crisis that enhance the importance of valuing geoscientific contents in school cur-ricula, especially in basic education. The modality of technical education integrated to high school courses (TEIHSC) open broad143320325sem Informaçãosem Informaçãosem Informaçã

La incompatibilidad de "Sphaeralcea miniata"

En la presente nota se informan los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia realizada con el objeto de determinar el tipo de incompatibilidad presente en Sphaeralcea miniata (Cav.) Spach. El análisis de los resultados indica que la incompatibilidad está regida en dicha especie por una serie de alelos de oposición.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

La incompatibilidad de "Sphaeralcea miniata"

En la presente nota se informan los resultados obtenidos en una experiencia realizada con el objeto de determinar el tipo de incompatibilidad presente en Sphaeralcea miniata (Cav.) Spach. El análisis de los resultados indica que la incompatibilidad está regida en dicha especie por una serie de alelos de oposición.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale