Behavioral Biases in Investment Decisions: An Extensive Literature Review and Pathways for Future Research

In the realm of investment decisions, the influence of behavioral biases has emerged as a captivating area of exploration. This article embarks on a comprehensive journey through the landscape of behavioral biases in investment choices, delving into their profound impact on financial markets. Contrary to traditional finance theories assuming rationality, a multitude of empirical evidence attests to the pervasive effects of cognitive and emotional biases. Through an extensive literature review, this article elucidates the intricacies of key biases such as overconfidence, loss aversion, anchoring, confirmation bias, herding behavior, disposition effect, framing effects, and regret aversion. By examining the distinct ways these biases distort investors\u27 judgment and decision-making processes, we unveil the often unexpected deviations from rationality. Each bias, rooted in human psychology, can lead to suboptimal investment behaviors, portfolio misalignments, and heightened market volatility. However, recognizing the impact of these biases provides opportunities for transformative insights. As investment professionals, policymakers, and individuals alike comprehend the subtle nuances of behavioral biases, tailored interventions, educational initiatives, and adaptive strategies can be devised to mitigate their adverse effects. This article not only synthesizes the prevailing research but also charts a course for future investigations. The implications of understanding and addressing behavioral biases extend beyond financial realms, offering a bridge between finance and psychology. As interdisciplinary collaboration gains momentum, pathways for future research become evident, beckoning scholars to delve deeper into the uncharted territories of human behavior and its intricate relationship with investment decisions. Through the exploration of these biases and their potential remedies, this article illuminates the evolving landscape of investment decision-making in a world where cognitive fallacies intersect with financial choicest

An overview on the Impact of Food Fraud Incidences in Various Countries and its Detection Methods, Assessment Techniques and Preventive Measures

Food fraud is not just a local issue but perhaps a global phenomenon. If the food available in the market are undetected or poorly controlled, this can harm consumer health. Food fraud causes a lack of traceability of supply chains and may eventually be a risk to food safety. The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the various types of food fraud and to evaluate the detection methods in identifying the adulterants. It also addresses the importance of vulnerability assessment of food fraud and key actions required for its prevention. Fighting food fraud will remain a race between the fraudsters and scientists developing new methods to prevent them. The review is unique that it summarized food fraud types, basic and instrument-based detection techniques for adulterants identification and it also focuses on the international governing bodies concerned with food laws and regulations. This study also provides perceptions of the interplay between vulnerability assessment and food fraud prevention

Blood Glucose Regulation Using Labview

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. If not regulate the glucose level then it will cause the serious damage to heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. The pancreas produces insulin to absorb the glucose. In type I diabetes the pancreas does not secrete insulin to compensate this artificial pancreas will be used. The artificial pancreas will mimic the function of pancreas it consists of a sensor, controller and insulin pump. The sensor continuously monitors glucose, the amount of insulin required will be calculated using a controller then injected using insulin pump this is the function of the artificial pancreas. The food we take is converted into glucose. So, meal intake will greatly affect the glucose levels, in this paper a closed loop model is developed based on Bergman\u27s minimal model and meal intake is introduced as a disturbance then the control action is performed using Fuzzy and PID controller using LABVIEW software.  So, from this, if the glucose concentration exceeds/decreases, above/below a certain point necessary control action will be taken

Efficient Medical Image Compression Based on Wavelet Transform and Modified Gray Wolf Optimization

The use of medical images in diagnostic procedures is increasing, leadning to a significant rise in the memory and bandwidth requirements for preserving and transmitting these images. To address this issue, image compression techniques have garnered significant attention. These techniques are capable of reducing the data size necessary to represent an image, allowing for more efficient utilization of storage space and communication bandwidth by eliminating unnecessary information. Numerous research directions have focused on compressing medical images, but past approaches have been time-consuming and risked information loss. To trounce these limitations, this paper introduces an effiective method for reducing the size of medical images in telemedicine applications. The method utilizes Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and sophisticated algorithm. Primarily, input images undergo pre-processing with a circular median filter to eliminate noise and improve image quality. Subsequently, the pre-processed images are divided into multiple sub bands using IWT.Then, these sub bands are furhter divided into n X n non-overlapping matrices, and optimal coefficients are chosen by employing a modified grey wolf optimizer algorithm. Finally, the selected coefficients are encoded using Huffman coding for transmission. During decompression, the reverse process of image compression is applied. The introduced method is tested on various medical images, and the findings demonstrate its superior performance compared to previous methods, generating visually similar images with a smaller data size

A Study on Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

INTRODUCTION: Glaucoma is a chronic degenerative optic neuropathy which may or may not be associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP). It is estimated to contribute to blindness in 11.2 million people with prevalence reaching approximately 80 million. Diabetes has been proposed as one of the many risk factors in POAG. In the paper published by Armstrong et al, POAG was prevalent in 4.1% of diabetics and 1.7% of diabetics were found to have (1). Increased prevalence (6 -11%) of Diabetes has been reported in Glaucoma populations. In comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic population with POAG, there was a higher proportion of patients with elevated mean IOP. It was also found that there is a higher prevalence of glaucoma among diabetics as compare to the general population. AIM & OBJECTIVE: To study the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) and glycemic exposure in predicting outcomes in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective observational study. Intra-ocular pressure (IOP) measured by applanation tonometry, fundus examination to determine Cup-disc ratio (CDR), neuroretinal rim thinning (NRR), glaucomatous optic atrophy (GOA), Visual field assessment by automated perimetry and Visual acuity by Snellen’s chart were compared to the level of Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) in POAG patients with diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Out of 120 patients diagnosed with POAG, 76 were diabetic. In patients with HbA1c > 9 g%, 78.4% had IOP >30 mmHg, 54.1% had poor vision (no PL, PL, CFCF, HM), 89.2% had advanced field changes and 54.1% had CDR >= 0.8. 83.6% had thinning of NRR and 21.6% had GOA. These correlations were statistically significant. Central corneal thinning was found in 62.2% of patients in this group. However, this correlation was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: HbA1c correlates with poorer visual outcomes in POAG and quality glycemic control over a period of time may retard the progression of visual loss. Glaucomatous patients with higher blood glucose values may require more rigid control. Though central corneal thinning was found to be associated with POAG, the correlation was not statistically significant

Antecedence of Readiness for Online Learning in Social Science Discipline

Globally, the evolution of the Internet as a platform to deliver learning has recently seen a surge and post-pandemic decade-long growth has occurred in just two years. This paper highlights the growing demand and capacity mismatch in educational institutions while education is transcending as lifelong learning, and there is also an urgent need to improve education quality. The information dissemination would motivate educational institutions to power up the delivery system to meet capacity constraints and beat the escalating costs in higher education while making it sustainable for all. This paper presents an abstract model based on a theoretical examination of linking the students’ motivation to accept the latest technologies with their readiness to engage in online learning. The researchers studied the model developed on a sample of 200 undergraduate students. This study significantly impacts ushering the diffusion of digital learning tools to meet the learning gaps. It demands agility among education institutions in playing the role of technology enablers, as any strategy used to increase ease of use will be a force multiplier towards readiness for learning online

Existence of Solution of Impulsive Partial Neutral Integrodifferential Equations with Unbounded Delay

In this paper, we study the existence of mild solution for a class of impulsive partial neutral functional integrodifferential equation with unbounded delay by using Leray  Schauder alternative  fixed point theorem