Obtaining β-caryophyllene From Cordia Verbenacea De Candolle By Supercritical Fluid Extraction

In the present work, the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to obtain β-caryophyllene from Cordia verbenacea DC was studied. The assays were performed using a single-step SFE (1S-SFE) and a three-step SFE (3S-SFE). In view of the literature results for the biological activities of C. verbenacea, the assays for the 3S-SFE were conducted at 60 °C and pressures of 8, 20, and 30 MPa, while for the 1S-SFE, they were performed at 50 and 60 °C and pressures of 20 and 30 MPa. In the 3S-SFE, three samples of C. verbenacea extract were obtained. The purity of β-caryophyllene was 33% (extract's dry basis) for the fraction obtained at 8 MPa. The kinetics of supercritical CO2 extraction was studied at the optimum operational conditions for global yield and anticancer activity (30 MPa/50 °C and 20 MPa/40 °C, respectively). The effect of bed height on the kinetic parameters of the SFE process was also investigated. 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Obtaining beta-caryophyllene from Cordia verbenacea de Candolle by supercritical fluid extraction

In the present work, the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to obtain beta-caryophyllene from Cordia verbenacea DC was studied. The assays were performed using a single-step SFE (1S-SFE) and a three-step SFE (3S-SFE). In view of the literature results for the biological activities of C. verbenacea, the assays for the 3S-SFE were conducted at 60 degrees C and pressures of 8, 20, and 30 MPa, while for the 1S-SFE, they were performed at 50 and 60 degrees C and pressures of 20 and 30 MPa. In the 3S-SFE, three samples of C. verbenacea extract were obtained. The purity of P-caryophyllene was 33% (extract's dry basis) for the fraction obtained at 8 MPa. The kinetics of supercritical CO(2) extraction was studied at the optimum operational conditions for global yield and anticancer activity (30 MPa/50 degrees C and 20 MPa/40 degrees C, respectively). The effect of bed height on the kinetic parameters of the SFE process was also investigated. Literature models fitted quantitatively the experimental extraction curves. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.461273

Variabilities in Urban Ambient Noise Before, During, and After Covid-19 Lockdown in the Peruvian Capital

peer reviewedRecent studies have shown that urban ambient noise (UAN) decreased at many sites due to a slowdown in human activities brought by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdowns. Such understanding is inferred from the historical record of the noise levels, which may also help us disambiguate noise sources as required for ambient noise tomography, microseismic and other seismic based studies. As UAN is site-specific, and its analysis enables passive situational awareness, therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the temporal variations in UAN before, during and after the social isolation in the metropolitan region of Lima, the capital of Peru, for the very first time. We used continuous waveforms recorded from February 1st to August 31st, 2020, at the Ñaña (NNA) broadband seismic station for the analysis. Results show the temporal changes occur in different frequency ranges; for example, at frequencies >1 Hz, significant changes in the mean daytime amplitudes are observed, which are absent in the lower frequency range (0.1-1, 1-3, 3-5 Hz). A maximum noise reduction of 37% is observed and should be considered for any future application of UAN. The results were verified by comparing with Community Mobility Reports (CMR) provided by Google using statistical change-point analysis

Global yield isotherms and kinetic of artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide

Artemisinin is an effective drug used in the malaria treatment. This drug, present in the Artemisia annua L leaves, was extracted using pressurized CO2 as solvent. The artemisinin global yields isotherms were determined at 30 and 50 degrees C with pressures in the range of 75-400 bars. The influences of temperature, pressure, and solvent flow rate on the extraction kinetics were also investigated, using a complete factorial design 2(3) (pressures of 200 and 400 bars, temperature of 30 and 50 degrees C and CO2 mass flow rate of 5.5 x 10(-5) and 11.1 x 10(-5) kg CO2/s). Extracts of A. annua L. leaves were also prepared by hydrodistillation and hexane Soxhlet. The mass transfer coefficients for constant extraction rate period were obtained from the experimental data. The extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and the artemisinin content was determined by the indirect method. The maximum artemisinin global yields were obtained at 30 degrees C and 150 bar (0.62% dry basis - d.b.) and 50 degrees C and 300 bar (0.70% d.b.). The extract obtained by hydrodistillation presented no artemisinin and the main compounds presented were camphor, P-caryophyllene, borneol e 1,8-cineol. The hexane Soxhlet artemisinin yield was 0.77% in dry basis. The experimental extraction curves were well fitted by the mathematical models of Sovova and Martinez et al., and by the empirical model. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.361404

Competencias digitales y variables sociodemográficas en docentes universitarios de la Amazonía peruana durante la pandemia del COVID-19

The objective of this research was to analyze the sociodemographic variables associated with the digital skills of university teachers in the Peruvian Amazon during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach was quantitative, the design was non-experimental and the type was cross-sectional comparative descriptive. The sample consisted of 167 teachers from 3 universities to whom the Digital Teaching Competence Questionnaire was applied, an instrument with adequate metric properties (validity based on content and reliability). According to the results, the digital skills of 55.7% of university teachers are developed, 40.7% are partially developed and 3.6% are poorly developed. Similarly, it was determined that some sociodemographic variables such as age group and area of knowledge were significantly associated with the level of development of digital skills (p<0.05). It was concluded that university teachers were characterized by having digital skills developed in the post- pandemic context, which were more favorable in younger teachers and whose area of knowledge was Engineering and Architecture.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las variables sociodemográficas que se asocian a las competencias digitales de los docentes universitarios de la Amazonía peruana durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El enfoque fue cuantitativo, el diseño fue no experimental y el tipo, descriptivo comparativo de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 167 docentes de 3 universidades a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Competencia Digital Docente, instrumento con adecuadas propiedades métricas (validez basada en el contenido y confiabilidad). De acuerdo a los resultados, las competencias digitales del 55,7% de los docentes universitarios están desarrolladas, del 40,7% están parcialmente desarrolladas y del 3,6% se encuentran poco desarrolladas. Del mismo modo, se determinó que algunas variables sociodemográficas como el grupo etario y el área de conocimiento se asociaban de manera significativa al nivel de desarrollo de las competencias digitales (p<0,05). Se concluyó que los docentes universitarios se caracterizaban por contar con competencias digitales desarrolladas en el contexto postpandemia, las cuales eran más favorables en los docentes más jóvenes y cuya área del conocimiento era Ingeniería y Arquitectura

Important Teacher Qualities for Integrating Blended Learning in Higher Education

Blended learning is widely accepted in Peruvian higher education for a number of reasons, including the fact that it allows students more leeway to accommodate their own unique schedule and learning needs. The present qualitative research investigates the qualities of effective teachers that are crucial to the successful implementation of blended learning from the vantage point of experts, who can gain valuable insight into the causes of organizational problems and the best strategies for resolving them. There are seven positive characteristics of blended learning teachers, such as the ability to recognize the need for pedagogical change or the confidence to incorporate technology into learning processes, and four negative characteristics, such as a lack of familiarity with blended learning or anxiety about students use of technology. Blended learning in higher education is investigated here to identify the factors that influence it

Experimental Determination and Correlation of Artemisinin's Solubility in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The measurement and correlation of the experimental solubility of the antimalarial artemisinin (Artemisia annua L.) in supercritical carbon dioxide is reported. Results were obtained using a static analytical method at 308.2, 318.2, and 328.2 K, and in a pressure range from 10.0 up to 25.0 MPa. Solubility experimental data were correlated with three density-based models (Chrastil, Bartle, and Méndez-Santiago−Teja models) and with two cubic equation of state (EOS) models, namely, the Peng−Robinson EOS and the Soave−Redlich−Kwong EOS, together with the conventional van der Waals mixing and combining rules. Good correlation results were obtained between the calculated and the experimental solubility to all fitted models. Results clearly show the feasibility of processing this antimalarial drug using supercritical fluid technologies and processes