Éducation littéraire: une expérience didactique d'animation à la lecture promue par les étudiants

Este artículo describe y analiza una experiencia de aula promovida por el propio alumnado. Se trata de una propuesta didáctica de animación a la lectura, colaborativa e interdisciplinar, en la que participan todas las etapas: Bachillerato, ESO, Educación Primaria y Educación Infantil. El proyecto se desarrolla desde la asignatura de Lengua castellana y Literatura e incluye a las áreas de Educación Plástica, Música e Informática. Se muestran los criterios de diseño y análisis de secuencias y se concluye que el enfoque participativo e interdisciplinar promueve los hábitos de lectura entre los estudiantes.This article describes a classroom experience promoted by students themselves. This reading motivation proposal, which involves primary and secondary school. is based on a collaborative learning. The project is developed from Spanish Language and Literature subject including Plastic Education, Music and Computer Science areas. Project activities and schedule are included in the article and it is concluded that an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach forges reading habits among students.Cet article décrit et analyse une expérience de classe promue par les élèves eux-mêmes. Il s'agit d'une proposition didactique, collaborative et interdisciplinaire pour inciter à la lecture, à laquelle participent tous les niveaux d’enseignement: primaire, secondaire et supérieur. Le projet est développé à partir de la matière “Langue et Littérature espagnole” et comprend les domaines des arts plastiques, de l'éducation musicale et del'informatique. Les critères de conception et d'analyse des séquences sont présentés et l'on conclut que l'approche participative et interdisciplinaire favorise les habitudes de lecture chez les étudiants

Cellulose oxidation by Laccase-TEMPO treatments

In this work, laccase-TEMPO (Lac-T) treatments were applied to bleached commercial dissolving pulp in order to introduce carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which were found to improve dry and wet strength-related properties. Also the solubility behavior towards xanthate reactions was assessed. The effect of a refining step (R) before the oxidative treatment, the absence or presence of oxygen pressure, TEMPO dose (2 or 8% oven dried pulp) and reaction time (8 or 20 h) were thoroughly examined. Treatments conducted in the presence of oxygen pressure exhibited greater amount of functional groups. Introducing a pre-refining treatment resulted in similar functional groups but higher wet strength was achieved. Specifically, a high W/D strength ratio was observed, indicating that wet strength-related property was satisfactorily developed. Besides the fact that all Lac-T treatments caused severe cellulose degradation, no fiber strength loss was detected. In fact, all oxidized samples presented higher Wet Zero-Span Tensile Strength, mainly in R+ Lac-T (O2) sample, which suggested the formation of hemiacetal linkages between the new introduced aldehyde groups and available free hydroxyl groups resulting from fibrillationPostprint (author's final draft

Lectures in the classroom: proposals for inclusive education from a gender perspective

La educación literaria debe convertirse en la nueva estrategia desde la que abordar la enseñanza de la literatura. Más allá de la asimilación de conceptos teóricos, debe centrarse en la formación de lectores que sepan interpretar los textos e inculcar el hábito lector. El canon literario se hace eco de un repertorio de autores que obvia a las autoras y reproducen textos que necesitan de una revisión desde la perspectiva de género. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una revisión y presentar una serie de propuestas que promulguen la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres a través de la literatura.Literary education must become the new strategy from which to approach the teaching of literature. Beyond the assimilation of theoretical concepts, it should focus on the training of readers who know how to interpret texts and instill the habit of reading. The literary canon echoes a repertoire of authors that obviate the authors and reproduce texts that need a revision from a gender perspective. The objective of this article is to offer a review and to present a series of proposals that promulgate equality between men and women through literature

Dissolving-grade pulp: a sustainable source for fiber production

The global textile fiber output increased five times from 1975 to 2020. Also, in 2010, the combined demand for man-made and natural fibers was projected to increase by 84% within 20 years. Clothing materials are largely made from cotton or petroleum-based synthetic fibers; both sources, however, have adverse environmental impacts. Thus, cotton requires vast amounts of land, water, fertilizers and pesticides, and synthetic fibers are not biodegradable. This scenario has raised the need for further exploration of cellulose polymers as sustainable sources for the textile industry. Cellulose, the most abundant renewable organic material on earth, is an outstanding polymer that by chemical derivatization or modification can offer a broad range of applications. Dissolving-grade pulp (DGP), which consists of highly pure cellulose, is the most suitable material for manufacturing cellulose derivatives and regenerated fibers. The latter are typically obtained by using the viscose process, which has considerable adverse environmental impacts. Although the textile industry has progressed substantially, further efforts are still needed to make its entire production chain more sustainable. This article provides an in-depth introduction to the potential of fibers with a high cellulose content, known as dissolving-grade pulps. It reviews the properties of DGP, the cooking and purifying methods typically used to obtain it, and the process by which paper-grade pulp can be converted into dissolving-grade pulp. Also, it discusses traditional and recently developed technologies for producing regenerated cellulose fibers. Finally, it examines the potential for recovering cellulose from textile waste as a novel sustainable practice.This publication is part of Project PID2020-114070RB-I00 (CELLECOPROD), funded by MCIN / AEI / 10.13039 / 501100011033. The author Elisabet Quintana is a Serra Húnter Fellow.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Escuela y formación de ciudadanía : un estudio etnográfico de la institución educativa "San Martín"

La escuela es un espacio institucionalizado de socialización, y dentro de ella se establecen un conjunto de relaciones que son propias del proceso de formación de valores y de adquisición de normas sociales, en donde los miembros de la comunidad educativa pueden aprender a ser ciudadanos y ejercitar democracia. Creemos que la democracia es una utopía, pero a la vez es un proceso de construcción social. Para esta tarea de construcción permanente de la democracia, se necesitan ciudadanos y ciudadanas que participen activamente. Coincidimos con José Antonio Encinas en que la más alta misión del docente es formar ciudadanos. Por eso, consideramos muy importante conocer lo que acontece al interior de la escuela, cómo se dan las relaciones entre los diferentes actores de la comunidad educativa, de qué manera se promueven o no relaciones que contribuyan a cimentar la democracia, es decir, cómo la escuela prepara o no para la vida y para vivir en democracia, todo ello como parte de su tarea de ser formadora de sujetos con valores y actitudes democráticas.Tesi

Escuela y formación de ciudadanía : un estudio etnográfico de la institución educativa "San Martín"

La escuela es un espacio institucionalizado de socialización, y dentro de ella se establecen un conjunto de relaciones que son propias del proceso de formación de valores y de adquisición de normas sociales, en donde los miembros de la comunidad educativa pueden aprender a ser ciudadanos y ejercitar democracia. Creemos que la democracia es una utopía, pero a la vez es un proceso de construcción social. Para esta tarea de construcción permanente de la democracia, se necesitan ciudadanos y ciudadanas que participen activamente. Coincidimos con José Antonio Encinas en que la más alta misión del docente es formar ciudadanos. Por eso, consideramos muy importante conocer lo que acontece al interior de la escuela, cómo se dan las relaciones entre los diferentes actores de la comunidad educativa, de qué manera se promueven o no relaciones que contribuyan a cimentar la democracia, es decir, cómo la escuela prepara o no para la vida y para vivir en democracia, todo ello como parte de su tarea de ser formadora de sujetos con valores y actitudes democráticas

Comparative evaluation of the action of two different endoglucanases. Part I: on a fully bleached, commercial acid sulfite dissolving pulp

A fully bleached commercial acid dissolving pulp was treated with two endoglucanases, one obtained from Paenibacillus barcinonensis (B) and the other one produced from Cerrena unicolor (F) with the intention to improve cellulose reactivity and processability in the viscose process. B cellulose was tested under 120 U/g oven dry pulp (odp) and the F cellulase under two conditions, 12 and 60 U/g odp. In addition, a purification stage, consisting in a cold caustic extraction (CCE) of 9 % w/v NaOH, was applied before or after the enzymatic treatment in order to reduce the amount of hemicellulose and improve the action of enzymes. The treated pulps were evaluated in terms of brightness, viscosity, water retention value, fibre morphology, carbohydrate composition, Fock solubility and NMR. In general, results revealed that both endoglucanases improved cellulose reactivity, albeit in a different way; thus, B caused no scissions in the cellulose chain and no significant reduction in fibre length, whereas F strongly decreased viscosity, shortened fibre length and increased considerably the amount of fines. The result of applying two different doses of F cellulase was reflected on Fock solubility and fibre morphology. F60 treatment was found to give the highest value of Fock solubility and the biggest reduction of fibre length. The effect of both endoglucanases on Fock solubility was increased by introducing an earlier CCE stage. Finally, a CCE_B120 pulp with 3 % of hemicellulose and 69 % of Fock solubility was obtainedPostprint (author’s final draft