The Origin and Development of the Open Air School

Open Air Schools came into existence because people had found a need for them. Some children were for one reason or another not profiting by a regular school routine. There were several causes for this. One cause was that some children had come in contact with tuberculosis and scientific studies showed that the tuberculosis germs could be best treated by out-of-door rest and good nourishing food. Other children were malnourished so didn’t have the resistance to fight off colds and tiredness. Still others had had operations and were not strong enough to attend a regular school. Open Air Schools are based on the conception that the first essential to a worthy education is sound bodily health. Since the regular routine of the ordinary public school does not take care of children who because of their physical condition cannot compete with their normal classmates, the Open Air School became necessary

Primary schools teachers' conceptions of environment. A comparison between Australia and France.

International audienceBoth Australia and France are similarly developed countries with comparable egalitarian societies but differ in some issues such as energy generation, agricultural and mining history, GMO cultivation, immigration. Both countries have implemented Education for a Sustainable Development (ESD) in their respective education systems. This paper explores primary teachers' conceptions of the environment, and how these relate to the broader national socio-scientific differences. Using the questionnaire of the European research project Biohead-Citizen, we compared, by multivariate analyses, conceptions of 98 Australian and 272 French primary school teachers. The Australian teachers' conceptions significantly differ from those of French teachers, mainly being more pro-GMO, more anthropocentric and believing more that some animals can feel happiness. The most anthropocentric and pro-GMO conceptions are correlated with more belief in God, practising religion, and trusting more in private than in public institutions, for schools, for health services and pensions. They also agree more with the propositions: "It is for biological reasons that women more often than men take care of housekeeping", "Ethnic groups are genetically different and that is why some are superior to others" and "There are too many foreigners in my country: the government should limit immigration". Some hypotheses are proposed to interpret these differences, such as resistance to GMOs in France and Australia's immigration history. The greater endorsement in the Australian sample of values against equality between men and women, or among ethnic groups, is more difficult to explain, but may possibly relate to education or to characteristics of the local sociopolitical contexts

POLICY AND PRACTICE TARGETING THE LABOUR MARKET INTEGRATION OF NON-EU NATIONALS IN IRELAND. ESRI RESEARCH SERIES NUMBER 89 JUNE 2019

Increases in immigration inflows to both the European Union (EU) and Ireland between 2014 and 2016, due in part to the ‘refugee and migrant crisis’, have resulted in an increased focus on integration policies, outcomes and measures, including in the area of labour market integration. Employment is crucial for the integration of migrants into the economic and social life of their host country, so labour market integration is a very important part of integration policy (European Commission, 2016). In recent years, many Member States have updated existing labour market integration policies or have developed new ones. Ireland, like the majority of EU Member States (EMN, 2019), pursues a policy of mainstreaming service provision in the area of integration, with targeted initiatives to meet specific needs. This study first considers labour migration policy, which manages and shapes overall access of non-European Economic Area (EEA) nationals to the Irish labour market.1 Under the employment permits system administered by the Department of Business, Enterprise and Innovation (DBEI), non-EEA nationals may apply to access the Irish labour market. The report then looks at specific policies and measures which aim to improve labour market integration for non-EU nationals living in Ireland. The focus is on labour integration measures for regularly staying non-EU nationals with a right to work. Measures specifically targeting non-EEA students, graduates, asylum seekers and beneficiaries of international protection are beyond the study scope. The effect of general labour market and social policy provision in Ireland on labour market integration is also outside the scope. Examples of public and private sector practices are discussed together with examples of community sector practices that receive public funds

MONITORING REPORT ON INTEGRATION 2018. ESRI Report, November 2018

Given that a significant proportion of the population living in Ireland is of non-Irish origin, how are non-Irish nationals integrating into Irish society? How do they compare to the Irish population in terms of employment rates, educational qualifications, income and poverty rates, health outcomes, housing and participation in Irish political life? This Integration Monitor is the sixth of a series of reports which consider outcomes in a wide range of life domains, including employment, education, social inclusion and active citizenship. It is based on indicators proposed at the European Ministerial Conference on Integration held in Zaragoza in 2010. These indicators are comparable across European Union (EU) Member States, based on existing data and focused on outcomes. It should be noted that some differences between Irish and non-Irish may be a result of differences in age, gender, duration in Ireland, educational background and work experience. Accounting for these differences using statistical modelling is beyond the scope of this report, but readers are alerted to relevant differences. This Monitor’s special topic is: ‘Muslims in Ireland’, based primarily on data from the 2016 Irish Census

Experiences and evaluation of weight control approaches among polio survivors

This dissertation explored the experiences of polio surviors with weight control to determine if it was a particular issue for this group and to assess what invertentions are used, how limited mobility has been taken into account, and what factors contribute to success or difficulty. A questionnaire was advertised on the British Polio website and in its member magazine. A thematic analysis was used on the responses to open questions. 141 replies were obtained. The age polio contraction age and physical disability level matched that published from the UK epidemics. These were divided into lifetime weight managers, active weight managers and weight gainers for analysis. Eleven themes emerged on feeling around weight and success and difficulties on weight control. These showed that weight control is an issue for polio survivors and is strongly linked to mobility. Successful methods used were similar to general population studies. Issues emerged on the dietary strictness observed, the beliefs on ability to exercise and the support available from professionals. Polio survivors are concerned about weight control, most because of its effect on mobility. Some are at risk of nutritional inadequacy. The beliefs about exercise need to explored in more depth due to the impact on health. The use of BMI risk threshold may not be relevant for this group

Psychometric evaluation of the functional walking test for children with cerebral palsy.

Purpose. This study examined the psychometric properties of the functional walking test (FWT). Method. Fifty-six subjects with cerebral palsy (CP) (21 females and 35 males, mean age 9 years 6 months, SD 3 years 9months, range 4-17 years) were assessed on two occasions, 6 months apart, using both the FWT and the gross motor function measure (GMFM). Results. Generalisability correlation coefficients (GCC) for all 11 items were high (0.91-0.99). Inter-rater reliability was also high with excellent consensus in the scores given by the eight raters (intra-class correlation coefficient and GCC 0.99). Intra-rater reliability was equally high (GCC 0.99). The internal consistency of the FWT was estimated using Cronbach\u27s α as 0.95 and 0.94 at Time 1 and 2, respectively. The FWT had a high degree of correlation with the GMFM, when total scores were compared at Time 1 and 2 (Pearson\u27s r = 0.86 and 0.87, n = 56, p \u3c 0.01). The FWT also found statistically significant differences in total scores between the three Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. The correlation between the FWT scores and GMFCS was -0.70 at Time 1 and -0.76 Time 2 (p \u3c 0.01) indicating the construct validity of the FWT. Conclusions. This study has demonstrated that the FWT has sound psychometric properties and is valid and reliable in a sample population of ambulant children with CP

A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation \ud

A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder has been designed and characterized which shows a nearly constant phase retardance between 640 and 850 eV photon energies when operated near the Bragg condition. This freestanding transmission multilayer was used successfully to determine, for the first time, the full polarization vector at soft x-ray energies above 600 eV, which was not possible before due to the lack of suitable optical elements. Thus, quantitative polarimetry is now possible at the 2p edges of the magnetic substances Fe, Co, and Ni for the benefit of magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy employing circularly polarized synchrotron radiatio

Annual Monitoring Report on Integration 2011

This is the second in a series of Annual Integration Monitors which seek to measure migrant integration in four life domains – employment, education, social inclusion and active citizenship. The core indicators closely follow those proposed in the Zaragoza Declaration. The aim is to have indicators that are comparable across EU Member States, based on existing data and focused on outcomes. The indicators are derived from the latest available large-scale survey data in Ireland that allow us to compare outcomes for Irish and migrant populations in each domain. This report also contains a special theme: immigrant children in Irish schools, which is based on original analysis of data from the Growing Up in Ireland study