Photoionization cross section of Sc XII

Relativistic calculations of photoionization cross sections of Ne-like Sc XII using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method in close-coupling and LS-coupling approximation and fully relativistic distorted-wave method are reported. In present work, the relativistic distorted-wave method is employed to calculate the fine-structure energy levels and radial functions, and the Breit-Pauli R-matrix method is employed to calculate the photoionizaton cross sections. In present work, we calculated the photoionization cross sections of Sc XII for ejection of 2p or 2s electron from the ground 2s22p61S0 in jj-coupling and obtained the energy levels and widths of 2s22p5ns 3P1, 2s22p5nd 1P1 (n = 21−30), 2s2p6np 3P1 and 2s2p6np 1P1 (n = 5−15). The photoionization cross sections of Sc XII for ejection of 2p electron from the excited state 1s22s22p53s3,1P have been calculated in LS-coupling and obtained the energy levels and widths of 2s2p6ns 1,3S and 2s2p6nd 1,3D (n = 5−15)

Composing group-level constructs from individual-level survey data

Contains fulltext : 76638.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)Group-level constructs are often derived from individual-level data. This procedure requires a composition model, specifying how the lower level data can be combined to compose the higher level construct. Two common composition methods are direct consensus composition, where items refer to the individual, and referent-shift consensus composition, where items refer to the group. The use and selection of composition methods is subject to a number of problems, calling for more systematic work on the empirical properties of and distinction between constructs composed by different methods. To facilitate and encourage such work, the authors present a methodological framework for addressing the distinction between and the baseline psychometric quality of composed group constructs, illustrated by an empirical example in the group job-design domain. The framework primarily represents a developmental tool with applications in multilevel theory building and scale construction, but also in meta-analysis or secondary analysis, and more general, the validation of group constructs.25 p