The effect of herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on the optical properties of water

A reflectometer accessory for a spectrophotometer was designed and constructed in our laboratory. Using distilled water as the reflectance standard, the reflectometer was used to measure relative specular reflectance of 0.5M aqueous solutions of K2SO4 and NH4H2PO4 in the 2-12m wavelength region and for 1M (NH2)2CO in the 2-20m wavelength region for infrared radiant flux incident at about 70 degrees and linearly polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence. Absolute reflectances of the solutions were computed for 70 degrees angle of incidence by using the relative reflectance measurements, one of the Fresnel equations, and the optical constants of water. The optical constants of the aqueous solutions were then computed by applying a Kramers-Kronig phase-shift dispersion analysis to the absolute reflectance spectra. The report provides a description of the instrumentation and the experimental procedures for making the measurements. The relative reflectances, absolute reflectances, and optical constants are presented in graphical form in the text and are tabulated in Appendix I. Spectral signatures characteristic of the solutes are discussed in the text. In addition, further investigations of the optical constants of distilled water were made in that they are related to the investigations of aqueous solutions. The work on distilled water was accomplished in cooperation with Dr. Dudley Williams at Kansas State University. A reprint describing the work is presented in Appendix I.Project # A-030-MO Agreement # 14-31-0001-302

Monochromatic X-ray radiographic analysis of calcium in wheat

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1964 Q4Master of Scienc

Infrared reflectance measurements of Missouri waters for water quality applications

Students supported: 2 studentsThe relative specular reflectance of laboratory solutions of 3.0 M Sulfuric Acid and 0.5 M Sodium Nitrate was measured in the 2.0 - 20-[mu]m wavelength region of the infrared. The relative specular reflectance of natural samples of (1) acid mine drainage taken from a ditch leading from the Peabody Mark Twain Mine to Hinkson Creek; (2) surface water runoff from an agricultural test plot which had received a 314 lb/acre application of nitrate fertilizer; and (3) an oil sample from the Mexico, Missouri oil release into the Salt River was measured in the same spectral region. The data was collected using a Perkin Elmer E-14 spectrophotometer and a reflectometer consisting of a Cassegrain unit which collimated the radiant flux to about 18 mrad divergence, a sample holder and a Cassegrain condenser for focusing the radiant flux, reflected by the sample, onto the entrance slit of the monochromator. The angle of incidence was 70 degrees. The index of refraction, extinction coefficient and phase difference spectrum throughout the 2-20-[mu]m wavelength region was determined for the mine drainage, fuel oil, sulfuric acid, sodium nitrate and nitrate runoff samples using the relative reflectance measurements, the optical constants of distilled water and an algorithm for Kramers-Kronig analysis. The absolute reflectance spectrum of the alluvium and loess was determined using the relative reflectance measurements, the optical constants of distilled water and the Cauchy equation for reflectance. It is very desirable to make water quality measurements remotely. However before such measurements can be taken the characteristic manner in which aqueous solutions reflect electromagnetic radiation (in the optical properties) must be known. Thus the results obtained from this research are a part of a much larger goal to determine water quality remotely.Project # A-063-MO Agreement # 14-31-0001-382

Optical Properties of Al,fe,ti,ta,w,and Mo at Submillimeter Wavelengths

Measurements of the Optical Constants of Metals at Submillimeter Wavelengths Are Sparse. We Have Used a Nonresonant Cavity to Measure, at Room Temperature, the Angle Averaged Absorptance Spectra P(W) of Aluminum, Molybdenum, Tantalum, Titanium, Tungsten, and Iron in the 30-300-Formula Presented Wavenumber Region.The Real Part of the Normalized Surface Impedance Spectrum, Formula Presented, Was Determined from Formula Presented.Measurements Were Also Made on Iron from 400 to 4000 Cm 1 using Standard Reflectance Techniques. the R(W)spectrum Wascombined with Previous Measurements by Others at Higher Frequencies and Kramers-Kronig Analyses of the Resultant Combined R(W) Spectra Provided Formula Presented. © 1988 Optical Society of America

Optical Properties of Au, Ni, and Pb at Submillimeter Wavelengths

Measurements of the Optical Properties, and Thus the Optical Constants, of Metals at Submillimeter Wavelengths Are Almost Nonexistent. We Used a Nonresonant Cavity to Measure at Ambient Temperature the Angle Averaged Absorptance Spectra P(Ω) of Gold, Nickel, and Lead in the 30-300-Cm\u271 Wave-Number Region. the Real Part of the Normalized Surface Impedance Spectrum Z(Ω) = R(Ω) + Ix(Ω) Was Determined from P(W). the R(Ω) Spectrum Was Combined with Previous Measurements by Others at Higher Frequencies, and Kramers- Kronig Analyses of the Resultant R(W) Spectra Provided E(X) =,(Ω) + I(Ω) and N(Ω) = N(Ω) + Ik(Ω) for Gold and Nickel in the 35-15, 000-Cm-1 Region and for Lead in the 15-15, 000-Cm-1 Region. We Also Derived an Exact Analytical Expression for P(Ω) of a Metal. © 1987, Optical Society of America