Polarized light microscopy for quantitative assessment of colorectal cancer: Can we predict local recurrence?

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Antrum Approach Planning for Removal of Impacted Tooth Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Due to the great number of structures in the maxillofacial region, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an important procedure in presurgical planning for removal of impacted teeth. Most of the information provided by this imaging technique cannot be visualized in conventional radiographs. In addition, CBCT reduces patient exposure to radiation in comparison with helical computed tomography and provides dental practitioners with easy access. We report the clinical case of a patient who underwent a surgical procedure for removal of an impacted maxillary premolar. CBCT-assisted presurgical treatment was used, enabling a more conservative surgical access, a less traumatic and less time consuming procedure than conventional surgical intervention

Cone beam computed tomography use in orthodontics

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used by orthodontists to obtain three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of their patients. This is of value as malocclusion results from discrepancies in three planes of space. This review tracks the use of CBCT in orthodontics, from its validation as an accurate and reliable tool, to its use in diagnosing and treatment planning, and in assessing treatment outcomes in orthodontics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90211/1/j.1834-7819.2011.01662.x.pd

Quantification of volumetric, surface area and linear airway changes after orthognathic surgery: a preliminary study

The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective evaluation of the volumetric, cross-sectional surface area and the linear airway changes in healthy subjects undergoing orthognathic surgery. Materials and methods A total of 10 patients were included in this study and categorized into two groups. The first group consisted of five patients who underwent maxillary and mandibular advancements (MMA) with genioplasty. The remaining five patients who underwent maxillary advancement with mandibular setback (MAMS) comprised the second group. The changes in airway volume, surface area, and linear values obtained from defined hard and soft tissue parameters were evaluated using preoperative and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography. A paired t-test was used to explore the statistical significance. Results A statistically significant increase in the airway volume (34.3%) was observed in the MMA group. The changes in the MAMS group were not statistically significant, although an average volumetric decrease of 8.8% was observed. The minimal axial surface area measurements in the MMA group at the levels of the soft palate and the tongue were significantly increased (56.8% and 44.9%, respectively). However, MAMS resulted in no significant changes at these levels (11.2% and 9.1% decrease, respectively). Linear changes showed a statistically significant increase in the airway in the MMA group, whereas the same measurements failed to produce significant changes in the MAMS group. Conclusion As there were no significant changes in the measured parameters, surgeons can have greater confidence that MAMS does not have any negative influence on the airway

Adjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy for Stages II and III Colon Cancer after Complete Resection: A Clinical Practice Guideline

Background Updated practice guidelines on adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected colon cancer are lacking. In 2008, Cancer Care Ontario’s Program in Evidence-Based Care developed a guideline on adjuvant therapy for stages ii and iii colon cancer. With newer regimens being assessed in this patient population and older agents being either abandoned because of non-effectiveness or replaced by agents that are more efficacious, a full update of the original guideline was undertaken. Methods Literature searches (January 1987 to August 2015) of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were conducted; in addition, abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the European Cancer Congress were reviewed (the latter for January 2007 to August 2015). A practice guideline was drafted that was then scrutinized by internal and external reviewers whose comments were incorporated into the final guideline. Results Twenty-six unique reports of eighteen randomized controlled trials and thirteen unique reports of twelve meta-analyses or pooled analyses were included in the evidence base. The 5 recommendations developed included 3 for stage ii colon cancer and 2 for stage iii colon cancer. Conclusions Patients with completely resected stage iii colon cancer should be offered adjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5FU)–based chemotherapy with or without oxaliplatin (based on definitive data for improvements in survival and disease-free survival). Patients with resected stage ii colon cancer without “high-risk” features should not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with “high-risk” features, 5FU-based chemotherapy with or without oxaliplatin should be offered, although no clinical trials have been conducted to conclusively demonstrate the same benefits seen in stage iii colon cancer

Comparison of Publication Rates for Musculoskeletal Oncology Abstracts Presented at National Meetings

Background. Scientific meetings provide a forum to disseminate new research and advance patient care. The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), Connective Tissue Oncology Society (CTOS), and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) annual meetings are examples of such gatherings in the field of musculoskeletal oncology. After a review of select MSTS abstracts from 1991 to 1999 revealed a 41% publication rate in scientific journals, previous authors cautioned meeting attendees that the majority of abstracts may not survive rigorous peer review and may not be scientifically valid. Since two decades have passed, this study reexamined publication rates and characteristics in a contemporary and expanded cohort of oncology abstracts presented at the AAOS, CTOS, and MSTS annual meetings. Methods. 1408 podium and poster abstracts from the AAOS (oncology-focused from 2013 to 2015), CTOS (2012 to 2014), and MSTS (2012 to 2014) annual meetings were reviewed to allow for a four-year publication window. Searches were performed with PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify full-text publications using abstract keywords. Characteristics of each abstract and resulting publication were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests for time-independent comparisons, and the log-rank test after reverse Kaplan-Meier analysis for time-dependent comparisons. Results. Abstract publication rates overall were higher for podium presentations (67%, 280 of 415) compared to poster presentations (53%, 530 of 993; p<0.001). When both abstract types were combined, differences between meetings did not meet statistical significance (AAOS: 65%, 106 of 162; CTOS: 57%, 521 of 909; MSTS: 54%, 183 of 337, p=0.06). Abstracts from AAOS meetings were more often published prior to the first day of the meeting (AAOS: 24%, 25 of 106; CTOS: 10%, 52 of 521; MSTS: 14%, 25 of 183; p<0.01). After excluding previously published abstracts, AAOS abstracts had the shortest time to publication (median: 10.8 months, interquartile range (IQR): 4.4 to 18.8 months), compared to those from CTOS (16.0 months, 8.4 to 25.9 months, p<0.01) and MSTS (15 months, 7.9 to 25.0 months, p<0.01) meetings. CTOS abstracts were published in higher impact journals (median: 3.7, IQR: 2.9 to 5.9), compared to those from AAOS (2.9, 1.9 to 3.2, p<0.01) and MSTS (3.1, 2.3 to 3.1, p<0.01) meetings. Finally, 7.7% (62 of 810) of published abstracts were presented at more than one meeting. Conclusions. Publication rates in this study were higher than previous reports in musculoskeletal oncology and comparable or better than recent reports for other orthopedic meetings. Comparisons across the AAOS, CTOS, and MSTS annual meetings highlight notable differences but suggest similarity overall in the quality of evidence presented with little overlap between meetings. Taken together, this study points to progress in the review processes used by the program committees, reaffirms the importance of critical appraisal when considering abstract findings, and supports the continued organization of multiple scientific meetings in musculoskeletal oncology