Knowledge Graph Embedding with Iterative Guidance from Soft Rules

Embedding knowledge graphs (KGs) into continuous vector spaces is a focus of current research. Combining such an embedding model with logic rules has recently attracted increasing attention. Most previous attempts made a one-time injection of logic rules, ignoring the interactive nature between embedding learning and logical inference. And they focused only on hard rules, which always hold with no exception and usually require extensive manual effort to create or validate. In this paper, we propose Rule-Guided Embedding (RUGE), a novel paradigm of KG embedding with iterative guidance from soft rules. RUGE enables an embedding model to learn simultaneously from 1) labeled triples that have been directly observed in a given KG, 2) unlabeled triples whose labels are going to be predicted iteratively, and 3) soft rules with various confidence levels extracted automatically from the KG. In the learning process, RUGE iteratively queries rules to obtain soft labels for unlabeled triples, and integrates such newly labeled triples to update the embedding model. Through this iterative procedure, knowledge embodied in logic rules may be better transferred into the learned embeddings. We evaluate RUGE in link prediction on Freebase and YAGO. Experimental results show that: 1) with rule knowledge injected iteratively, RUGE achieves significant and consistent improvements over state-of-the-art baselines; and 2) despite their uncertainties, automatically extracted soft rules are highly beneficial to KG embedding, even those with moderate confidence levels. The code and data used for this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/iieir-km/RUGE.Comment: To appear in AAAI 201

The Problems and Countermeasures of the Bilateral Trade Between China and Laos

The bilateral trade and economic cooperation between China and Laos has a long history, although the trade volume is relatively not such huge, but trade grows quickly. The economies of the two countries are highly complementary and have a wide range of areas for cooperation. The prospects for the economic and trade relations between the two countries are very promising. A good stable political relationship, the Mekong sub-regional international cooperation provide a broad platform for China and Laos bilateral economic and trade development. The establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank will provide financial services in Laos’ economy. There are also some problems in the bilateral trade relationship. Such as trade volume is low, unbalanced trade patterns, the investment structure is unreasonable, financial services lag issues such as insurance, are all factors which hinder the further development of trade between two countries. To solve above problems, we give some suggestions. To promote trade development by investment, make full use of complementary advantages, accelerate the construction of transportation infrastructure, create a good investment environment, etc. To further deepen the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, the joint efforts of the government and people of the two countries are needed. It is believed Laos and China's economic and trade relations between the two countries will come cross a brighter future. Keywords: China, Laos, Bilateral trade, Problems, Countermeasure

Geometric phase and quantum phase transition in an inhomogeneous periodic XY spin-1/2 model

The notion of geometric phase has been recently introduced to analyze the quantum phase transitions of many-body systems from the geometrical perspective. In this work, we study the geometric phase of the ground state for an inhomogeneous period-two anisotropic XY model in a transverse field. This model encompasses a group of familiar spin models as its special cases and shows a richer critical behavior. The exact solution is obtained by mapping on a fermionic system through the Jordan-Wigner transformation and constructing the relevant canonical transformation to realize the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian coupled in the $k$-space. The results show that there may exist more than one quantum phase transition point at some parameter regions and these transition points correspond to the divergence or extremum properties of the Berry curvature.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. As a backup of a previous work and some typos in the published version are fixe

Publish or impoverish : an investigation of the monetary reward system of science in China (1999-2016)

Although monetary rewards have been used for recognizing scientific achievement since the eighteenth century, it is not regarded as the major reward system in science as described by Merton (1973), in which scientists publish their works and receive the recognition of their peers as the reward. Since academic prizes consisting of cash rewards are awarded only to very few scientific elites, they are considered as a metaphors of prestige rather than simply large sums of money (Zuckerman, 1992). However, the reward system in science changed when the monetary reward incentive for publication was introduced in 1980s. It is reported that this incentive can promote research productivity (Franzoni et al., 2011) but might create a negative goal displacement effect (Frey et al., 2013; Osterloh and Frey, 2014). Since the early 1990s, Chinese research institutions have initiated cash-per-publication reward polices in which Chinese scholars can get cash for each eligible publication. The purpose of publishing their works is not only to advance knowledge and win recognition, but also to earn cash (Sun and Zhang, 2010; Wang, 2016). Since these cash-per-publication reward policies vary by institution and some policies are internal or confidential, they have never been systematically investigated except for in some case studies. The purpose of this study is to present the landscape of the cash-per-publication reward policy in China[1] and reveal its trend since the late 1990s

The first Chinese student space shuttle getaway special program

The first Chinese Getaway Special program is described. Program organization, the student proposal evaluation procedure, and the objectives of some of the finalist's experiments are covered. The two experiments selected for eventual flight on the space shuttle are described in detail. These include: (1) the control of debris in the cabin of the space shuttle; and (2) the solidification of two immiscible liquids in space

On the Feed-back Mechanism of Chinese Stock Markets

AbstractFeed-back models in the stock markets research imply an adjustment process toward investors’ expectation for current information and past experiences. Error-correction and cointegration are often used to evaluate the long-run relation. The Efficient Capital Market Hypothesis, which had ignored the effect of the accumulation of information, cannot explain some anomalies such as bubbles and partial predictability in the stock markets. In order to investigate the feed-back mechanism and to determine an effective model, we use daily data of the stock index of two Chinese stock markets with the expectational model, which is one kind of geometric lag models. Tests and estimations of error-correction show that long-run equilibrium seems to be seldom achieved in Chinese stock markets. Our result clearly shows the common coefficient of expectations and fourth-order autoregressive disturbance exist in the two Chinese stock markets. Furthermore, we find the same coefficient of expectations has an autoregressive effect on disturbances in the two Chinese stock markets. Therefore the presence of such feed-back is also supported in Chinese stock markets

HIGH RESOLUTION AND FAST SCANNING SQUID BASED NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION SYSTEM OF NIOBIUM SHEETS FOR SRF CAVITIES

Applications in high energy physics accelerators and other fields require the use of thousands of superconducting RF (SRF) cavities that are made of high purity Nb material and the purity of niobium is critical for these cavities to reach the highest accelerating fields. Tantalum is the most prolific of metal inclusions, which can cause thermal breakdown and prevent the cavities from reaching their theoretical performance limits of 45-50 MV/m, and DOE Labs are searching for a technology that could detect small impurities in superconducting Nb sheets reaching the highest possible accelerating fields. The proposed innovative SQUID-based Nondestructive system can scan Niobium sheets used in the manufacturing of SRF cavities with both high speed and high resolution. A highly sensitive SQUID system with a gradiometer probe, non-magnetic dewar, data acquisition system, and a scanning system will be developed for fast detection of impurities in planar Nb sheets. In phase I, we will modify our existing SQUID-based eddy current system to detect 100 micron size Ta defects and a great effort will focus on achieving fast scanning of a large number of niobium sheets in a shorter time and with reasonable resolution. An older system operated by moving the sample 1 mm, stopping and waiting for 1-2 seconds, then activating a measurement by the SQUID after the short settle time is modified. A preliminary designed and implemented a SQUID scanning system that is fast and is capable of scanning a 30 cm x 30 cm Nb sheet in 15 minutes by continuously moving the table at speeds up to 10 mm/s while activating the SQUID at 1mm interval is modified and reached the Phase I goal of 100mm resolution. We have successfully demonstrated the feasibility that a fast speed SQUID scanner without sacrificing the resolution of detection can be done, and a data acquisition and analysis system is also preliminary developed. The SQUID based scanner will help reach the highest accelerating field in SRF cavities that will provide a considerable cost reduction for new accelerators and for upgrades of existing accelerators. This will be realized either by reducing the length required for the SRF cavities or by the installation of higher gradient cavities for energy upgrades in the same space. The SQUID based scanner will also be used for the detection of defects on the surface, inside the bulk or at the back side of metallic sheets in other industries

Directed Evolution Designed to Optimize the in vivo Protein Folding Environment.

Protein folding is assisted by molecular chaperones and folding catalysts in vivo. Understanding how chaperones are regulated and how they function in vivo may provide new avenues for developing protein folding modulators. We used directed evolution which combines DNA manipulation and powerful selection procedures for beneficial mutations in proteins to specifically address these questions. My work focused on two distinct, though closely related problems, both of which have to do with the directed evolution of the periplasmic folding environment of bacteria. My first set of experiments concerned the relationship between the CXXC active site and the functional properties of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. Thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases are involved in catalyzing disulfide bond formation, isomerization and reduction during protein folding. We selected for mutants in the CXXC motif of a reducing oxidoreductase, thioredoxin, that complement null mutants in the very oxidizing oxidoreductase, DsbA. We found that altering the CXXC motif affects not only the reduction potential of thioredoxin, but also the ability of the protein to interact with folding protein substrates and reoxidants. Furthermore, the CXXC motif also impacts the ability of thioredoxin to function as a disulfide isomerase. Our results indicate that the CXXC motif has the remarkable ability to confer a large number of very specific properties on thioredoxin related proteins, in addition to their usual roles of regulating redox potentials. The second phase of my work sought to optimize the in vivo folding of proteins by linking folding to antibiotic resistance, thereby forcing bacteria to either effectively fold the selected proteins or perish. Here we were able to show that when Escherichia coli is challenged to fold a very unstable protein, it responds by overproducing a protein called Spy, which increases the steady state level of unstable proteins up to nearly 700-fold. In vitro studies demonstrate that Spy functions as a very effective ATP-independent chaperone that suppresses protein aggregation and aids protein refolding. Our strategy opens up new routes for chaperone discovery and the custom tailoring of the in vivo folding environment. Spy forms thin flexible cradle-shape dimers with an apolar concave surface, unlike the structure of any previously solved chaperone.Ph.D.Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78742/1/shuquan_1.pd

Abelian and Non-Abelian Quantum Geometric Tensor

We propose a generalized quantum geometric tenor to understand topological quantum phase transitions, which can be defined on the parameter space with the adiabatic evolution of a quantum many-body system. The generalized quantum geometric tenor contains two different local measurements, the non-Abelian Riemannian metric and the non-Abelian Berry curvature, which are recognized as two natural geometric characterizations for the change of the ground-state properties when the parameter of the Hamiltonian varies. Our results show the symmetry-breaking and topological quantum phase transitions can be understood as the singular behavior of the local and topological properties of the quantum geometric tenor in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure