50 años de institucionalidad centroamericana : Una mirada desde Sudamérica

Analizar y estudiar la integración lleva a tener en cuenta aspectos muchos más amplios que los meramente económico-comerciales. Todas las teorías que buscan explicar la integración, sino lo enuncian explícitamente, por lo menos contemplan como posibilidad que es un fenómeno político. Nuestro trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de los avances, desafíos y complejidades de las instituciones del proceso de integración centroamericano, lo cual necesariamente nos involucra en cuestiones de política las cuales se pueden tornar en temas problemáticos.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

50 años de institucionalidad centroamericana : Una mirada desde Sudamérica

Analizar y estudiar la integración lleva a tener en cuenta aspectos muchos más amplios que los meramente económico-comerciales. Todas las teorías que buscan explicar la integración, sino lo enuncian explícitamente, por lo menos contemplan como posibilidad que es un fenómeno político. Nuestro trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de los avances, desafíos y complejidades de las instituciones del proceso de integración centroamericano, lo cual necesariamente nos involucra en cuestiones de política las cuales se pueden tornar en temas problemáticos.Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI

Sequence-unrelated long noncoding RNAs converged to modulate the activity of conserved epigenetic machineries across kingdoms

RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the Arabidopsis lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP ( APOLO ), are emerging as important regulators of three-dimensional chromatin conformation and gene transcriptional activity. Here, we showed that in addition to the PRC1-component LIKE-HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), APOLO interacts with the methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 (VIM1), a conserved homolog of the mammalian DNA methylation regulator UBIQUITIN-LIKE CONTAINING PHD AND RING FINGER DOMAINS 1 (UHRF1). The APOLO -VIM1-LHP1 complex directly regulates the transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA2 by dynamically determining DNA methylation and H3K27me3 deposition over its promoter during the plant thermomorphogenic response. Strikingly, we demonstrated that the lncRNA UHRF1 Protein Associated Transcript ( UPAT ), a direct interactor of UHRF1 in humans, can be recognized by VIM1 and LHP1 in plant cells, despite the lack of sequence homology between UPAT and APOLO . In addition, we showed that increased levels of APOLO or UPAT hamper VIM1 and LHP1 binding to YUCCA2 promoter. Collectively, our results uncover a new mechanism in which a plant lncRNA coordinates Polycomb action and DNA methylation, and reveal that evolutionary unrelated lncRNAs may exert similar functions across kingdoms

The Arabidopsis APOLO and human UPAT sequence-unrelated long noncoding RNAs can modulate DNA and histone methylation machineries in plants

International audienceAbstract Background RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop)-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including the Arabidopsis lncRNA AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP ( APOLO ), are emerging as important regulators of three-dimensional chromatin conformation and gene transcriptional activity. Results Here, we show that in addition to the PRC1-component LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), APOLO interacts with the methylcytosine-binding protein VARIANT IN METHYLATION 1 (VIM1), a conserved homolog of the mammalian DNA methylation regulator UBIQUITIN-LIKE CONTAINING PHD AND RING FINGER DOMAINS 1 (UHRF1). The APOLO -VIM1-LHP1 complex directly regulates the transcription of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA2 by dynamically determining DNA methylation and H3K27me3 deposition over its promoter during the plant thermomorphogenic response. Strikingly, we demonstrate that the lncRNA UHRF1 Protein Associated Transcript ( UPAT ), a direct interactor of UHRF1 in humans, can be recognized by VIM1 and LHP1 in plant cells, despite the lack of sequence homology between UPAT and APOLO . In addition, we show that increased levels of APOLO or UPAT hamper VIM1 and LHP1 binding to YUCCA2 promoter and globally alter the Arabidopsis transcriptome in a similar manner. Conclusions Collectively, our results uncover a new mechanism in which a plant lncRNA coordinates Polycomb action and DNA methylation through the interaction with VIM1, and indicates that evolutionary unrelated lncRNAs with potentially conserved structures may exert similar functions by interacting with homolog partners