Bis(ethyl­enediamine-κ2 N,N′)(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)cobalt(III) hydroxide nitrate

The Co ion in the title salt, [Co(NO3)(H2NCH2CH2NH2)2](OH)(NO3), has oxidation state + III and is coordinated by four N atoms from two ethyl­enediamine mol­ecules and two O atoms from a nitrate anion in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The charge of the complex cation is balanced by a hydroxide anion and a nitrate anion. The cations and anions are connected by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a three-dimensional supra­molecular framework. There are two independent ion pairs with similar configurations in the unit cell. Both uncoordinated nitrate counter-anions are disordered

Mechanistic study of pressure and temperature dependent structural changes in reactive formation of silicon carbonate

The discovery of the silicon carbonate through chemical reaction between porous SiO2 and gaseous CO2 addressed a long-standing question regarding whether the reaction between CO2 and SiO2 is possible. However, the detailed atomic structure of silicon carbonate and associated reaction mechanism are still largely unknown. We explore structure changes of silicon carbonate with pressure and temperature based on systematic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations suggest that the reaction proceeds at the surface of the porous SiO2. Increasing number of CO2 molecules can take part in the reaction by increasing either the pressure or temperature. The final product of the reaction exhibits amorphous structures, where most C atoms and Si atoms are 3-fold and 6-fold coordinated, respectively. The fraction of differently coordinated C (Si) atoms is pressure dependent, and as a result, the structure of the final product is pressure dependent as well. When releasing the pressure, part of the reaction product decomposes into CO2 molecules and SiO2 tetrahedrons. However more than 50% of C atoms are still in 3-fold coordination, implying that stable silicon carbonate may be obtained via repeated annealing under high pressure. The mechanism underlying this chemical reaction is predicted with two possible reaction pathways identified. Moreover, the reaction transition curve is obtained from the extensive simulation, which can be useful to guide the synthesis of silicon carbonate from the reaction between SiO2 and CO2

2-Methyl­benzimidazolium nitrate

In the title compound, C8H9N2 +·NO3 −, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds join the mol­ecules into a chain extending along the b axis

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Diisopropyl Genistein-7-yl Phosphate

Diisopropyl genistein-7-yl phosphate (C21H23O8P, M-r = 434.11) has been synthesized by a facile phosphorylated reaction with genistein and diisopropyl phosphite, and its structure was determined by IR, NMR, HR MS and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, with a = 9.0690(18), b = 9.0412(18), c = 26.544(5) angstrom, beta = 99.44(3)degrees, V = 2147.0(7) angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-c = 1.344 Mg/m(3), mu = 0.172 mm(-1), F(000) = 912, the final R = 0.0545 and wR = 0.1352. In the crystal structure, the title compound is constructed by both intramolecular (O-H center dot center dot center dot O=C) and intermolecular (O-H center dot center dot center dot O=P) hydrogen bonding as well as pi-pi stacking interaction.NNSFC [20472076, 20732004, 20972130]; Henan Academic Foundation of Science and Technology [0512001400

改进拉普拉斯能量和的尖锐频率局部化Contourlet域多聚焦图像融合方法

In order to suppress the pseudo-Gibbs phenomena around singularities of fused images and to reduce significant amounts of aliasing components located far away from desired supports when the original Contourlet is employed in the image fusion,a multifocus image fusion method in Sharp Frequency Localized Contourlet Transform(SFLCT) domain based on a sum-modified-Laplacian is proposed.The SFLCT,instead of the original Contourlet,is utilized as the multiscale transform to decompose the original multifocus images into subbands.Then,typical measurements for the multifocus image fusion in a spatial domain are introduced to the Contourlet domain and Sum-modified-Laplacian(SML),and the criterion to distinguish SFLCT coefficients from the clear parts or from blurry parts of images are employed in SFCLT subbands to select the SFLCT transform coefficients.Finally,the inverse SFLCT is used to reconstruct fused images.Moreover,a cycle spinning method is applied to compensate for the lack of translation invariance property and to suppress the pseudo-Gibbs phenomena of fused images.Using the proposed fusion method,experimental results demonstrate that the mutual information has improved by 5.87% and transferred edge information QAB/F has improved by 2.70% as compared with those of the cycle spinning wavelet method,and has improved by 1.77% and 1.29% as compared with those of the cycle spinning Contourlet method.Meanwhile,the proposed fusion method has advantages of good visual effect over the block-based spatial SML method and shift-invariant wavelet method

Numerical optimization of vehicle noises in multi-peak frequency points based on hybrid genetic algorithm and simulated annealing

The finite element model of Body in White was built, and the corresponding modes were computed in this paper. These computational modes were then compared with experimental results. The small errors showed that the accuracy of the finite element model can satisfy the computational requirements. Based on the verified finite element model, acoustic cavities in the vehicle were extracted to build a boundary element model. Sound pressure levels at all passengers in the vehicle were then computed, compared and analyzed. Results indicated that the sound pressure curve had 6 peak noises. Using the characteristic frequency weight coefficient and field point weight coefficient, the body panels which made large acoustic contributions to the comprehensive sound field under multi-characteristic frequencies were determined. Finally, the improved genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing was used to optimize the key body panels, and peak noises at researched field points after the optimization were further computed. The computational results were compared with those of the original structure, which presented that the noise was improved at most frequency points in the spectrum and peak noises were suppressed obviously

Effect of acetone extract of Rumex japonicas Houtt on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat myocardial cells

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of the acetone extract of Rumex japonicas Houtt. (AER) on rat myocardial cells.Methods: R. japonicas was extracted with 75 % aqueous ethanol by reflux to afford total extract (TER). TER was suspended in water and then extracted with acetone to afford acetone fraction of R. japonicas (AER). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with standard substances was carried out to analyze the major constituents of AER. Apoptosis in myocardial H9c2 cell line was induced by H2O2 (100 μmol/L). The cells were treated with AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL, and cell viability was evaluated by the 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, while oxidative stress level in H9c2 cells was evaluated by determining levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine kinase (CK), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, apoptotic proteins (caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2) in H9c2 cells were analyzed by using western blot assay.Results: Results revealed that the main components of AER are aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion. AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) inhibited the cell viability reduction of the H9c2 cells induced by H2O2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) decreased LDH and CK contents of H9c2 cells (p < 0.01). The levels of SOD (p<0.01) and CAT (p < 0.01) were increased by AER treatments (100 and 200 μg/mL); in addition, AER (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) decreased MDA levels (p < 0.01). Besides, the present results also revealed that AER could down-regulate caspase-3 and Bax, but up-regulated Bcl-2.Conclusion: AER alleviates apoptosis induced by H2O2 in myocardial H9c2 cells via inhibition of oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. This finding suggests that AER can potentially be developed for the treatment of myocardial apoptosis.Keywords: Rumex japonicas Houtt., Myocardial cells, Apoptosis, H9c2 cell, Oxidative stres

Sum-modified-Laplacian-based Multifocus Image Fusion Method in Sharp Frequency Localized Contourlet Transform Domain

为了克服Contourlet融合在远离支撑区间上出现的混叠成分，抑制融合图像在奇异处产生伪吉布斯现象，提出改进拉普拉斯能量和的尖锐频率局部化Contourlet ( Sharp Frequency Localized Contourlet Transform-SFLCT)域多聚焦图像融合方法。首先，采用SFLCT而不是原始的Contourlet对多聚焦图像进行分解。接着，将多聚焦图像空域融合方法中评价图像清晰度的指标引入到SFLCT变换域，采用拉普拉斯能量来选择变换域系数。然后，逆SFLCT重构得到融合结果。最后，采用循环平移(Cycle Spinning)来提高SFLCT的平移不变性，有效抑制融合图像在奇异处产生伪吉布斯现象。实验结果表明：对于多聚焦图像，所提方法比循环平移小波变换互信息提高5.87%, QAB/F提高2.70%,比循环平移Contourlet方法互信息提高1.77%, QAB/F提高1.29%,视觉效果优于典型的空域分块拉普拉斯能量方法和平移不变小波变换方法。 In order to suppress pseudo-Gibbs phenomena around singularities of fused image and reduce significant amount of aliasing components which are located far away from the desired support when the original contourlet is employed in image fusion, Sum-modified-Laplacian-based multifocus image fusion method in sharp frequency localized contourlet transform (SFLCT) domain is proposed. First, SFLCT, instead of the original contourlet, is utilized as the multiscale transform to decompose the source multifocus images into subbands. Second, typical measurements for multifocus image fusion in spatial domain are introduced into contourlet domain and Sum-modified-Laplacian (SML), evidenced in this paper with the best capability to distinguish SFLCT coefficients is from the clear parts or blurry parts of images, is employed in SFCLT subbands as measurement to select SFLCT transform coefficients. Third, inverse SFLCT is used to reconstruct fused image. Finally, cycle spinning is applied to compensate for the lack of translation invariance property and suppress pseudo-Gibbs phenomena of fused images. Using the proposed fusion method, experimental results demonstrate that mutual information is improved by 5.87% and transferred edge information QAB/F is improved by 2.70% compared with cycle spinning wavelet method, while mutual information is improved by 1.77% and QAB/F is improved by 1.29% compared with cycle spinning contourlet method. Meanwhile the proposed fusion method outperforms block-based spatial SML method and shift-invariant wavelet method in term of visual appearance.国家自然科学基金(No.60472081),航空基础科学基金(No.05F07001