Efficacy and safety of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for distal humerus fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize available evidence of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve for patients with distal humerus fractures.Materials and MethodsThe databases were searched from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Database (VIP), and Wan Fang Database up to June 2022. The clinical outcome included operation time, fracture healing time, hospital stays, elbow joint function, and ulnar neuritis rate. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration).ResultsA total of 17 studies were included (8 RCTs and 9 retrospective studies), and 1280 patients were analyzed. The results of this meta-analysis showed anterior transposition group had longer operation time (MD = 20.35 min, 95%CI: 12.56–28.14, P < 0.00001). There was no significant difference in fracture healing time (SMD = −0.50, 95%CI: −1.50–0.50, P = 0.33), hospital stays (MD = −1.23 days, 95%CI: −2.72–−0.27, P = 0.11), blood loss (MD = 2.66 ml, 95%CI: −2.45–7.76, P = 0.31), and ulnar neuritis rate (OR = 1.23, 95%CI: 0.63–2.42, P = 0.54) between two groups. Finally, elbow joint motion, elbow joint function, fracture nonunion, and post-operative infection (P > 0.05) between two groups were not significantly statistic difference.ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that anterior transposition group is not superior to non-transposition group for patients with distal humerus fractures without ulnar nerve injury. On the contrary, non-transposition group have shorter operation time than that of anterior transposition group. Non-transposition group did not increase the post-operative ulnar neuritis rate. Therefore, both anterior transposition group and non- transposition group are the treatment options for patients with distal humerus fractures without ulnar nerve injury. Besides, these findings need to be further verified by multi-center, double-blind, and large sample RCTs

Multilevel Nitrogen Additions Alter Chemical Composition and Turnover of the Labile Fraction Soil Organic Matter via Effects on Vegetation and Microorganisms

Global nitrogen (N) deposition greatly impacts soil carbon sequestration. A 2- yr multiple N addition (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 kg N·ha- 1·yr- 1) experiment was conducted in alpine grassland to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the observed soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau (QTP). Labile fraction SOM (LF- SOM) fingerprints were characterized by pyrolysis- gas chromatography/tandem- mass spectrometry, and microbial functional genes (GeoChip 4.6) were analyzed in conjunction with LF- SOM fingerprints to decipher the responses of LF- SOM transformation to N additions. The significant correlations between LF- SOM and microbial biomass, between organic compounds in LF- SOM and compound degradation- related genes, and between LF- SOM and net ecosystem exchange implied LF- SOM were the main fraction utilized by microorganisms and the most sensitive fraction to N additions. The LF- SOM increased at the lowest N addition levels (10 and 20 kg N·ha- 1·yr- 1) and decreased at higher N addition levels (40 to 160 kg N·ha- 1·yr- 1), but the decrease of LF- SOM was weakened at 160 kg N·ha- 1·yr- 1 addition. The nonlinear response of LF- SOM to N additions was due to the mass balance between plant inputs and microbial degradation. Plant- derived compounds in LF- SOM were more sensitive to N addition than microbial- derived and aromatic compounds. It is predicted that when the N deposition rate increased by 10 kg N·ha- 1·yr- 1 on the QTP, carbon sequestration in the labile fraction may increase by nearly 170% compared with that under the current N deposition rate. These findings provide insight into future N deposition impacts on LF- SOM preservation on the QTP.Key PointsThe LF- SOM quantity increased at the lowest N additions (N10 and N20) and decreased from N40 to N160, but the decrease was weakened at the highest N addition (N160)Plant- derived compounds in LF- SOM were more sensitive to N addition than microbial- derived and aromatic compoundsThe organic compounds in LF- SOM were significantly correlated with compound degradation- related genesPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154963/1/jgrg21637_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154963/2/jgrg21637.pd

Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of the Endogenous Cellulase Gene MaCel1 in Monochamus alternatus

The purpose of this study was to characterize the endogenous cellulase gene MaCel1 of Monochamus alternatus, which is an important vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a pine wood nematode, which causes pine wilt disease (PWD). In this study, MaCel1 was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE), and its expression analyzed by RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative PCR detecting). A total of 1778 bp of cDNA was obtained. The encoding region of this gene was 1509 bp in length, encoding a protein containing 502 amino acids with a molecular weight of 58.66 kDa, and the isoelectric point of 5.46. Sequence similarity analysis showed that the amino acids sequence of MaCel1 had high similarity with the beta-Glucosinolate of Anoplophora glabripennis and slightly lower similarity with other insect cellulase genes (GH1). The beta-D-Glucosidase activity of MaCel1 was 256.02 +/- 43.14 U/L with no beta-Glucosinolate activity. MaCel1 gene was widely expressed in the intestine of M. alternatus. The expression level of MaCel1 gene in male (3.46) and female (3.51) adults was significantly higher than that in other developmental stages, and the lowest was in pupal stage (0.15). The results will help reveal the digestive mechanism of M. alternatus and lay the foundation for controlling PWD by controlling M. alternatus

The Non-Linear Influence of Built Environment on the School Commuting Metro Ridership: The Case in Wuhan, China

Although many studies have investigated the non-linear relationship between the built environment and rail patronage, it remains unclear whether this influence is equally applicable to primary and secondary school students due to their physiological characteristics and cognitive limitations. This study applies the GBDT model to Wuhan student metro swipe data in order to investigate the relative importance and non-linear association of the built environment on the school-commuting metro ridership. The results show that the variable with the greatest predictive power is the number of living service facilities followed by the number of intersections, and the degree of land-use mixture. All of the built environment variables had non-linear associations with the school-commuting ridership, and the greatest attraction to the school-commuting metro ridership occurred when the number of living service facilities was 500, the number of intersections was 36, and the degree of land-use mixture was 0.8. These findings can help planners to prioritize land-use optimization and the effective range of land-use indicators when developing child-friendly rail transport policies

原位表征技术揭示析氢电催化剂活性中心

文章简介课题组以导电碳布上生长的氢氧化镍纳米片为模板,通过与对苯二硫酚配体反应,成功合成出具有平面Ni（SR）4配位结构的镍—硫醇配位聚合物纳米片,并发现该材料在碱性析氢测试中,催化活性随测试时间逐渐加存在明显诱导期的现象。在保持20m A/cm2的电流密度条件下,析氢所需过电位逐渐降低,约10小时后该

Comparison of aroma and taste profiles of kiwi wine fermented with/without peel by combining intelligent sensory, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance

Kiwi wine (KW) is tipically made by fermenting juice from peeled kiwifruit, resulting in the disposal of peel and pomace as by-products. However, the peel contains various beneficial compounds, like phenols and flavonoids. Since the peel is edible and rich in these compounds, incorporating it into the fermentation process of KW presents a potential solution to minimize by-product waste. This study compared the aroma and taste profiles of KW from peeled (PKW) and unpeeled (UKW) kiwifruits by combining intelligent sensory technology, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR. Focusing on aroma profiles, 75 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in KW fermented with peel, and 73 VOCs in KW without peel, with 62 VOCs common to both. Among these compounds, rose oxide, D-citronellol, and bornylene were more abundant in UKW, while hexyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and 2,4,5-trichlorobenzene were significantly higher in PKW. For taste profiles, E-tongue analysis revealed differences in the taste profiles of KW from the two sources. A total of 74 molecules were characterized using 1H-NMR. UKW exhibited significantly higher levels of tartrate, galactarate, N-acetylserotonin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate, fumarate, and N-acetylglycine, along with a significantly lower level of oxypurinol compared to PKW. This study seeks to develop the theoretical understanding of the fermentation of kiwifruit with peel in sight of the utilization of the whole fruit for KW production, to increase the economic value of kiwifruit production

Gut Bacterial Communities of Lymantria xylina and Their Associations with Host Development and Diet

The gut microbiota of insects has a wide range of effects on host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. The structure of gut microbiota may also be shaped by their environment, causing them to adjust to their hosts; thus, the objective of this study was to examine variations in the morphological traits and gut microbiota of Lymantria xylina in response to natural and artificial diets using high-throughput sequencing. Regarding morphology, the head widths for larvae fed on a sterilized artificial diet were smaller than for larvae fed on a non-sterilized host-plant diet in the early instars. The gut microbiota diversity of L. xylina fed on different diets varied significantly, but did not change during different development periods. This seemed to indicate that vertical inheritance occurred in L. xylina mutualistic symbionts. Acinetobacter and Enterococcus were dominant in/on eggs. In the first instar larvae, Acinetobacter accounted for 33.52% of the sterilized artificial diet treatment, while Enterococcus (67.88%) was the predominant bacteria for the non-sterilized host-plant diet treatment. Gut microbe structures were adapted to both diets through vertical inheritance and self-regulation. This study clarified the impacts of microbial symbiosis on L. xylina and might provide new possibilities for improving the control of these bacteria

Image Clustering Algorithm Based on Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids and Composite Cosine Distance

The clustering algorithms based on deep neural network perform clustering by obtaining the optimal feature representation. However, in the face of complex natural images, the cluster accuracy of existing clustering algorithms is still relatively low. This paper presents an image clustering algorithm based on predefined evenly-distributed class centroids (PEDCC) and composite cosine distance. Compared with the current popular auto-encoder structure, we design an encoder-only network structure with normalized latent features, and two effective loss functions in latent feature space by replacing the Euclidean distance with a composite cosine distance. We find that (1) contrastive learning plays a key role in the clustering algorithm and greatly improves the quality of learning latent features; (2) compared with the Euclidean distance, the composite cosine distance can be more suitable for the normalized latent features and PEDCC-based Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) loss function; and (3) for complex natural images, a self-supervised pretrained model can be used to effectively improve clustering performance. Several experiments have been carried out on six common data sets, MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, COIL20, CIFAR-10, STL-10 and ImageNet-10. Experimental results show that our method achieves the best clustering effect compared with other latest clustering algorithms

Research on a Hierarchical Dynamic Automatic Voltage Control System Based on the Discrete Event-Driven Method

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