“有 NP-VP”における“有NP”の機能と意味 : 助動詞との比較から

本稿は、現代中国語の“有 NP-VP”を研究対象とし、助動詞との比較の観点から“有 NP”の統語的・意味的特徴を明らかにすることを目的とする。“有 NP-VP”における“有 NP”は、意味的には助動詞のように、事態が実現する可能性や必然性などに対する話し手の判断や態度、いわゆるモーダルな意味を表すことができるため、モダリティの機能を持つ条件が備わっていると言える。しかし、統語的には、完全にモダリティ機能を持つ助動詞と同様に働けないため、“有 NP”をモダリティに位置づける根拠は不十分であるように思われる。本稿では、1) 連用順序、後続成分及びアスペクト助詞との共起状況という統語的特徴と、2) 評価的な含意と可能性・意志性の度合いという意味的特徴から“有 NP”を助動詞と比較した上で、“有 NP”を「疑似モダリティ」に位置づけたい。This study was to investigate the structure of "You NP-VP" from the perspective of comparison with auxiliary verb. It tried to determine the syntactic and semantic features of "You NP" in the structure. Semantically, "You NP" can be used as auxiliary verb to express the speaker\u27s judgment and attitude, which is so-called modal meaning. Therefore, it seemed that "You NP" can be regarded as modality. But syntactically, compared with true modality which was auxiliary verb, "You NP" showed very different characteristics. From this point of view, it was difficult to think of "You NP" as modality. Through the comparison of "You NP" and auxiliary verb in syntactic and semantic features, "You NP" was defined as semi-modality

Effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on space charge distribution in propylene carbonate under impulse voltage

Addition of nanoparticles of the ferromagnetic material Fe3O4 can increase the positive impulse breakdown voltage of propylene carbonate by 11.65%. To further investigate the effect of ferromagnetic nanoparticles on the space charge distribution in the discharge process, the present work set up a Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurement system using an array photodetector to carry out time-continuous measurement of the electric field and space charge distribution in propylene carbonate before and after modification. Test results show that fast electrons can be captured by Fe3O4 nanoparticles and converted into relatively slow, negatively charged particles, inhibiting the generation and transportation of the space charge, especially the negative space charge

Formation of 8-hydroxylinalool in tea plant Camellia sinensis var. Assamica ‘Hainan dayezhong’

Linalool and its derivatives contribute greatly to tea aroma. Here, 8-hydroxylinalool was found to be one of the major linalool-derived aroma compounds in Camellia sinensis var. assamica ‘Hainan dayezhong’, a tea plant grown in Hainan Province, China. Both (Z)-8-hydroxylinalool and (E)-8-hydroxylinalool were detected, and the E type was the main compound. Its content fluctuated in different months and was the highest in the buds compared with other tissues. CsCYP76B1 and CsCYP76T1, located in the endoplasmic reticulum, were identified to catalyze the formation of 8-hydroxylinalool from linalool in the tea plant. During withering of black tea manufacturing, the content of both (Z)-8-hydroxylinalool and (E)-8-hydroxylinalool significantly increased. Further study suggested that jasmonate induced gene expression of CsCYP76B1 and CsCYP76T1, and the accumulated precursor linalool may also contribute to 8-hydroxylinalool accumulation. Thus, this study not only reveals 8-hydroxylinalool biosynthesis in tea plants but also sheds light on aroma formation in black tea

Analysis on the influence of the smoke block board on the entrainment phenomena near a mechanical exhaust vent

In this study, the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) numerical simulation method is adopted to analyze the influence of various smoke block board sizes, heat release rates (HRR) and exhaust velocities on the smoke entrainment near a mechanical exhaust vent. The results indicate that the smoke extraction performance of the board-coupled shaft is influenced by the coordination of the smoke block board layout, the heat release rate and exhaust velocity. Besides, the reasonable size of the board can effectively reduce the air entrainment and achieve the best smoke exhaust efficiency. When the board size is smaller than the exhaust vent size, there will be an inefficient exhaust smoke. When the board size is larger than the exhaust vent size, the exhaust smoke efficiency increases rapidly with the increase in the board size. In addition, the exhaust efficiency is insensitive to the HRR under the same board. However, the exhaust velocity exerts a significant effect on the layered stability and smoke extraction performance near the exhaust vent. Keywords: Mechanical exhaust, Smoke block board, Entrainment, Plug-holin

Grey Correlation Analysis of the Durability of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Environmental Action

The interface performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a critical factor in determining mechanical properties and durability. The degradation of the concrete matrix and micro-structure interface is caused by environmental erosion, which shortens the service life of the structure design. Considering different volume contents of steel fiber (0%, 1%, 2%), the failure mechanism of SFRC under different environmental erosion conditions was studied through a laboratory test scheme. A total of six environmental factors are selected, including water, sodium chloride solution, sodium sulfate solution, dilute sulfuric acid solution, sodium hydroxide solution, and a freeze-thaw cycle. When subjected to different erosion concentrations and periods, micro-structure and axial bearing capacity deterioration laws are compared and analyzed. A durability equation related to fiber mixture ratio and strength is presented based on the experimental data and the numerical simulation method. The influence of different environments on steel fiber-reinforced concrete is analyzed, and the grey correlation degree of axial compressive strength is analyzed. The experimental results show that steel fiber can effectively improve the concrete axial bearing capacity, but different responses are observed under the various erosion conditions. A freeze-thaw cycle environment has the most significant impact on the axial compressive strength of concrete, followed by the sulfuric acid environment, and other environments have a weaker impact. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for predicting the performance deterioration of SFRC concerning other erosion conditions and periods

Mesenchymal Stem Cells–Hydrogel Microspheres System for Bone Regeneration in Calvarial Defects

The repair of large bone defects in clinic is a challenge and urgently needs to be solved. Tissue engineering is a promising therapeutic strategy for bone defect repair. In this study, hydrogel microspheres (HMs) were fabricated to act as carriers for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to adhere and proliferate. The HMs were produced by a microfluidic system based on light-induced gelatin of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The HMs were demonstrated to be biocompatible and non-cytotoxic to stem cells. More importantly, the HMs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. In vivo, the ability of bone regeneration was studied by way of implanting a BMSC/HM system in the cranial defect of rats for 8 weeks. The results confirmed that the BMSC/HM system can induce superior bone regeneration compared with both the HMs alone group and the untreated control group. This study provides a simple and effective research idea for bone defect repair, and the subsequent optimization study of HMs will provide a carrier material with application prospects for tissue engineering in the future