633 research outputs found
Measuring Policy Distance for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Diversity plays a crucial role in improving the performance of multi-agent
reinforcement learning (MARL). Currently, many diversity-based methods have
been developed to overcome the drawbacks of excessive parameter sharing in
traditional MARL. However, there remains a lack of a general metric to quantify
policy differences among agents. Such a metric would not only facilitate the
evaluation of the diversity evolution in multi-agent systems, but also provide
guidance for the design of diversity-based MARL algorithms. In this paper, we
propose the multi-agent policy distance (MAPD), a general tool for measuring
policy differences in MARL. By learning the conditional representations of
agents' decisions, MAPD can computes the policy distance between any pair of
agents. Furthermore, we extend MAPD to a customizable version, which can
quantify differences among agent policies on specified aspects. Based on the
online deployment of MAPD, we design a multi-agent dynamic parameter sharing
(MADPS) algorithm as an example of the MAPD's applications. Extensive
experiments demonstrate that our method is effective in measuring differences
in agent policies and specific behavioral tendencies. Moreover, in comparison
to other methods of parameter sharing, MADPS exhibits superior performance.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Learning Heterogeneous Agent Cooperation via Multiagent League Training
Many multiagent systems in the real world include multiple types of agents
with different abilities and functionality. Such heterogeneous multiagent
systems have significant practical advantages. However, they also come with
challenges compared with homogeneous systems for multiagent reinforcement
learning, such as the non-stationary problem and the policy version iteration
issue. This work proposes a general-purpose reinforcement learning algorithm
named as Heterogeneous League Training (HLT) to address heterogeneous
multiagent problems. HLT keeps track of a pool of policies that agents have
explored during training, gathering a league of heterogeneous policies to
facilitate future policy optimization. Moreover, a hyper-network is introduced
to increase the diversity of agent behaviors when collaborating with teammates
having different levels of cooperation skills. We use heterogeneous benchmark
tasks to demonstrate that (1) HLT promotes the success rate in cooperative
heterogeneous tasks; (2) HLT is an effective approach to solving the policy
version iteration problem; (3) HLT provides a practical way to assess the
difficulty of learning each role in a heterogeneous team
Incommensurate itinerant antiferromagnetic excitations and spin resonance in the FeTeSe superconductor
We report on inelastic neutron scattering measurements that find
incommensurate itinerant like magnetic excitations in the normal state of
superconducting FeTeSe (\Tc=14K) at wave-vector
with =0.09(1). In
the superconducting state only the lower energy part of the spectrum shows
significant changes by the formation of a gap and a magnetic resonance that
follows the dispersion of the normal state excitations. We use a four band
model to describe the Fermi surface topology of iron-based superconductors with
the extended symmetry and find that it qualitatively captures the
salient features of these data.Comment: 7 pages and 5 figure
Qiu, R. et al. A Unified Multi-Functional Dynamic Spectrum Access Framework: Tutorial, Theory and Multi-GHz Wideband Testbed. Sensors 2009, 9, 6530–6603
We found that the affiliation of author Vasu Chakravarthy was incorrect in our paper published in Sensors recently
Vortex-Induced Vibration of a Marine Riser: Numerical Simulation and Mechanism Understanding
Marine riser is a key equipment connecting a floating platform and a seabed wellhead. Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) is the main cause of the fatigue damage of the riser. The prediction of marine riser VIV is very difficult because of its strong non-linearity, instability and uncertainty. In recent years, many numerical models of VIV of marine riser have been developed to explore the mechanism of marine riser VIV, providing scientific theoretical basis and practical engineering methods for vibration control and engineering design of marine riser. Combined with the authors’ own recent research, this chapter discusses the research progress on marine riser VIV in the ocean engineering, including phenomenon mechanism analysis and different numerical research methods
Fracture mechanism of air percussive rotary bit matrix based on impact stress wave theory
An air percussive rotary bit is a key component of air percussive rotary drilling technology, and its fracture failure seriously affects the safe operation and economic efficiency of drilling. This paper presents (1) theoretical analysis of the impact stress wave propagating in the air percussive rotary bit and effect of the stress wave on bit fracture and (2) finite element simulation study based on the stress wave theory which builds a model of the air hammer piston, drill and rock, defines material parameters, meshes and defines boundary conditions, clarifies propagation characteristics of the impact stress wave, analyzes stress characteristics of the bit matrix under different conditions (same drilling pressure and same piston speed, different drilling pressure and same piston speed and same drilling pressure and different piston speed) and determines the main factors of bit matrix fracture. The correctness of the theoretical analysis was verified with simulation results and fundamental ways of preventing bit fracture failure were proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimization design of a new bit. The results show that a bit section mutation is the root cause for the shock of the impact wave and the change in nature of the wave during propagation. The tensile wave is the root cause for bit matrix fracture, and a breakage is the most serious at stomatal interchanges. With increasing drilling pressure and piston speed, the rate of increase in the peak stress of the bit matrix increases, leading to early fatigue fracture of the bit matrix. The fracture of the bit matrix can be reduced, and the bit life can be extended by rationally designing the bit sectional structure parameters, ensuring that the bit withstands the effects of the compression wave so as to reduce the formation of a tensile wave, and rationally choosing drilling process parameters (such as drilling pressure and air pressure)
Benchmarking Robustness of Multimodal Image-Text Models under Distribution Shift
Multimodal image-text models have shown remarkable performance in the past
few years. However, evaluating robustness against distribution shifts is
crucial before adopting them in real-world applications. In this work, we
investigate the robustness of 12 popular open-sourced image-text models under
common perturbations on five tasks (image-text retrieval, visual reasoning,
visual entailment, image captioning, and text-to-image generation). In
particular, we propose several new multimodal robustness benchmarks by applying
17 image perturbation and 16 text perturbation techniques on top of existing
datasets. We observe that multimodal models are not robust to image and text
perturbations, especially to image perturbations. Among the tested perturbation
methods, character-level perturbations constitute the most severe distribution
shift for text, and zoom blur is the most severe shift for image data. We also
introduce two new robustness metrics (\textbf{MMI} for MultiModal Impact score
and \textbf{MOR} for Missing Object Rate) for proper evaluations of multimodal
models. We hope our extensive study sheds light on new directions for the
development of robust multimodal models. More details can be found on the
project webpage: \url{https://MMRobustness.github.io}.Comment: Accepted by Journal of Data-centric Machine Learning Research (DMLR)
202
Spin Gap and Resonance at the Nesting Wavevector in Superconducting FeSe0.4Te0.6
Neutron scattering is used to probe magnetic excitations in
FeSe_{0.4}Te_{0.6} (T_c=14 K). Low energy spin fluctuations are found with a
characteristic wave vector that corresponds to Fermi surface
nesting and differs from Q_m=(\delta,0,0.5) for magnetic ordering in
Fe_{1+y}Te. A spin resonance with \hbar\Omega_0=6.5 meV \approx 5.3 k_BT_c and
\hbar\Gamma=1.25 meV develops in the superconducting state from a normal state
continuum. We show that the resonance is consistent with a bound state
associated with s+/- superconductivity and imperfect quasi-2D Fermi surface
nesting.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
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