Coordinated Control of a Wind-Methanol-Fuel Cell System with Hydrogen Storage

This paper presents a wind-methanol-fuel cell system with hydrogen storage. It can manage various energy flow to provide stable wind power supply, produce constant methanol, and reduce CO2 emissions. Firstly, this study establishes the theoretical basis and formulation algorithms. And then, computational experiments are developed with MATLAB/Simulink (R2016a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). Real data are used to fit the developed models in the study. From the test results, the developed system can generate maximum electricity whilst maintaining a stable production of methanol with the aid of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). A sophisticated control scheme is also developed to coordinate these actions to achieve satisfactory system performance

S2 Data. Fluorescence data of mucosa.csv

Fluorescence data of mucos

S2 Fig. Reconstructed slice images from all projection images acquired by micro CT

Reconstructed slice images of one sinus fungus ball specimen from all projection images acquired by micro C

S1 Video. Video of specimen extraction process by standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).avi

Video of sinus fungus ball extraction process by standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS

S1 Fig. 2D projection images acquired by microCT of specimen No. 3

<b>2D projection images acquired by microCT of one sinus fungus ball specimen</b

S1 Data. Fluorescence data of No.3 specimen.csv

Fluorescence data of  one sinus fungus ball specime

A Preliminary Study on Sinus Fungus Ball with MicroCT and X-Ray Fluorescence Technique.

BACKGROUND:Sinus fungus ball, an accumulation of fungal dense concretions, is a common disease in practice, and might cause fatal complications or lead to death once converted into invasive type. Early preoperative diagnosis of this disease can lead to appropriate treatment for patients and prevent multiple surgical procedures. Up to now, the diagnostic criteria of sinus fungus ball have been defined and computed tomography (CT) scan was considered as a valuable preoperative diagnostic tool. However, the sensitivity of clinical CT is only about 62%. Thus, investigating the factors which influence sensitivity is necessary for clinical CT to be a more valuable preoperative diagnosis tool. Furthermore, CT scan usually presents micro-calcifications or spots with metallic density in sinus fungus ball. Previous literatures show that there are some metallic elements such as calcium and zinc in fungus ball, and they concluded that endodontic treatment has a strong correlation with the development of maxillary sinus fungus ball and zinc ion was an exogenous risk factor. But the pathogenesis of sinus fungus ball still remains unclear because fungus ball can also develop in other non-maxillary sinuses or the maxillary sinus without root canal treatment. Is zinc ion the endogenous factor? Study on this point might be also helpful for investigating the pathogenesis of sinus fungus ball. In this paper, we tried to investigate the factors which influence the sensitivity of clinical CT by imaging sinus fungus ball with microCT. The origin of zinc ion was also studied through elements test for different fungal ball samples using x-ray fluorescence technique. METHODS:Specimens including fungal ball material and sinus mucosa from patients confirmed by pathological findings were extracted after surgery. All fungal ball specimens came from sphenoid sinus, ethmoidal sinus and maxillary sinus with or without previous endodontic treatment respectively. All of them were imaged by microCT with spatial resolution up to 5μm to acquire three-dimensional structure, and then the heavy metal elements were detected with x-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis. RESULT:High concentration of zinc and calcium were detected in all fungal ball specimens compared to sinus mucosa membrane. Particles with different size varied from disperse to density, which have similar shape to the result of clinical CT but with different size, were found in three-dimensional reconstruction results of microCT. CONCLUSIONS:Spatial resolution is an influent factor of clinical CT sensitivity for sinus fungus ball. Improving the resolution of clinical CT will help to improve its sensitivity. Besides iatrogenic endodontic materials, endogenous metal elements of zinc and calcium might associate with the growth of fungal ball and the micro-calcifications or spots with metallic density of CT imaging

Transcriptome Analysis of Berries of Spine Grape (<i>Vitis davidii</i> Föex) Infected by <i>Colletotrichum viniferum</i> during Symptom Development

Grape ripe rot (Colletotrichum viniferum) causes huge losses in grape production in vineyards in southern China. However, the molecular mechanism against ripe rot in grape species and the responsive genes implicated in these processes are relatively unknown. Here, we present the transcriptome analysis of berries from a C. viniferum-resistant species (Vitis davidii Föex). Uninfected berries at day zero were used as control samples (CK), an inoculation was made at day zero, and the berries were subsequently analyzed at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days post inoculation (dpi), which exhibited a sequential disease-progression stage. There were a total of 1810 differentially expressed genes, including 1315 up-regulated and 495 down-regulated transcripts. At 7 dpi, these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in berries. In addition, in C. viniferum-infected grape fruits at 7 dpi, considerable changes in gene expression were induced, and those up-regulated genes involved in MAPK cascade, calcium ion binding, and serine/threonine kinase activity were enriched. According to our KEGG pathway analysis, numerous enriched biological processes, such as plant–pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and metabolism, were implicated in grape–fungus interactions. Our research also revealed alterations in the expression pattern of phenylalanine-pathway-related transcription factors (TFs) and genes. We proposed a model in which C. viniferum invasion produces intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ deregulation to stimulate the MAPK pathway to activate TFs’ (WRKY, ERF, and MYB) up-regulation, thus initiating disease-resistant responses in the tolerant Vitis species. Our results offer comprehensive transcriptomic data about molecular responses in C. viniferum-infected grape, and these data will aid in understanding of processes underlying plant responses to C. viniferum

Exploration of the spatial relationship between Xi’an City and its mausoleums from the perspective of time evolution

The ancient City of Xi’an has a history of more than 7,000 years of civilization, more than 3,100 years of City development, and 1,100 years of capital construction. With the gradual development of urban areas, the number of imperial tombs in Xi’an has reached 72. These mausoleums are large in scale and valuable, yet they are influenced by the rapid development of present urbanization, cities, and mausoleum spaces. The development contradictions between cities and mausoleum spaces progressively become prominent and need to be handled urgently. This article utilizes spacetime as the base scale, GIS spatio-temporal analysis, field research (including aerial photographs of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the 8 years, 2015–2022), and Pearson analysis to explore the temporal and spatial evolution law between Xi’an’s urban space and the 55 mausoleums dominated by emperors of various dynasties. It was concluded that the nuclear density area distance layout of Xi’an City and the mausoleum is closely related to time and space. Since ancient times, there has always been a relationship between the Spatio-temporal development of Xi’an City and its mausoleums, and the nuclear density area distance layout of the mausoleums is intimately connected to the status and nature of Xi’an City. Currently, mausoleums are part of site protection. However, because of the large space of the mausoleum, the contradiction between the protection and utilization of mausoleum sites and the development of urban space is revealed. This paper hopes to provide urban planners and site protectors with ideas and data support for the Spatio-temporal development of cities and mausoleums and realize the integration of the protection and renewal of mausoleum sites into the path of urban design and planning