Evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease : Current and novel biomarkers

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Potential Mechanisms of the Impact of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene-Modified Tendon Stem Cells on Tendon Healing

The therapeutic impact of stem cells is potentially largely attributable to secretion of exosomes and soluble factors. The present study evaluates the impact of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)–expressing tendon stem cells (TSCs) on tendon healing in a rat model. Patellar tendon TSCs were isolated and underwent transfection with lentiviral vectors containing HGF or green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes. In vivo, immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 1 week postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell–treated groups exhibited higher numbers of CD163+ M2 monocytes and IL-10+ cells (anti-inflammatory), and lower numbers of CCR7+ M1 monocytes and IL-6+ as well as COX-2+ cells (pro-inflammatory). Effects were most pronounced in the HGF-expressing TSCs (TSCs + HGF) treated group. Histology ± immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell–treated groups exhibited more ordered collagen fiber arrangement and lower levels of COLIII, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and fibronectin (proteins relevant to fibroscarring). Effects were most pronounced in the TSCs + HGF–treated group. For the in vitro study, isolated tendon fibroblasts pretreated with TGF-β1 to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of tendon injury were indirectly cocultured with TSCs, TSCs + GFP, or TSCs + HGF using a transwell system. Western blotting demonstrated that all stem cell types decreased TGF-β1-induced increases in fibroblast levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA, concomitant with decreased activation of major TGF-β1 signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, but not Smad2/3). This effect was most pronounced for TSCs + HGF, which also decreased the TGF-β1-induced increase in activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The presence of specific inhibitors of these pathways during fibroblast TGF-β1 stimulation also attenuated increases in levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA. In conclusion, TSCs + HGF, which exhibit HGF overexpression, may promoting tendon healing via decreasing inflammation and fibrosis, perhaps partly via inhibiting TGF-β1-induced signaling. These findings identify a novel potential therapeutic strategy for tendon injuries, warranting additional research

Atomic-Scale Mechanism Investigation of Mass Transfer in Laser Fabrication Process of Ti-Al Alloy via Molecular Dynamics Simulation

This article deals with a Ti-Al alloy system. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to simulate and explore the mass transfer behavior during the laser fabrication process at atomic scale. The research goal is to investigate the mass transfer mechanism at atomic scale and the movement of solute atoms during the laser fabrication process. The mean square displacement (MSD), radial distribution function (RDF), atomic number density, and atomic displacement vector were calculated to characterize it. The results show that the TiAl alloy is completely melted when heated up to 2400 K, and increasing the temperature past 2400 K has little effect on mass transfer. As the heating time increases, the diffusion coefficient gradually decreases, the diffusion weakens, and the mass transfer process gradually stabilizes. In Ti-Al binary alloys, the diffusion coefficients of different solute atoms are related to the atomic fraction. During the melting process, the alloy particle system has a greater diffusion coefficient than the elemental particle system

Research Progress in the Application of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Aquaculture: A Review

Due to increasing safety concerns regarding human consumption of fish products, an increasing number of medicinal chemicals are prohibited from use in aquaculture. As a result, Chinese herbal medicines are being increasingly used, coining the use of the term “green medicine.” Research shows that Chinese herbal medicines have many beneficial effects on fish, including growth promotion, enhancement of disease resistance, and improvement in meat quality. Many effective ingredients have been discovered in Chinese herbal medicines, which function to promote feed intake, improve meat flavor, and increase digestive enzyme activity. They also regulate and participate in processes that improve the specific and non-specific immunity of fish; however, the composition of Chinese herbal medicines is very complex and it is often difficult to identify the effective ingredients. This article reviews the latest research and application progress in Chinese herbal medicines regarding growth and feed utilization, immunity and disease resistance, and the meat quality of cultured fish. It also discusses research on the chemical constituents of classical Chinese medicinal herbs and problems with the application of Chinese herbal medicines in fish culture. This article concludes by proposing that future studies on Chinese herbal medicines should focus on how to cheaply refine and extract the effective ingredients in classical Chinese medicinal herbs, as well as how to use them efficiently in aquaculture

sj-docx-1-asp-10.1177_00037028231206191 - Supplemental material for Dynamic Multivariate Outlier Detection Algorithm Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy for Monitoring Surface Water Contamination With Hydrological Fluctuation in Real-Time

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-asp-10.1177_00037028231206191 for Dynamic Multivariate Outlier Detection Algorithm Using Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy for Monitoring Surface Water Contamination With Hydrological Fluctuation in Real-Time by Qingbo Li, Xupeng Shao, Houxin Cui, Yuan Wei and Yongchang Shang in Applied Spectroscopy</p

ATP purinergic receptor signalling promotes Sca-1+ cell proliferation and migration for vascular remodelling

Abstract Aims Vascular resident stem cells expressing stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1+ cells) promote vascular regeneration and remodelling following injury through migration, proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to examine the contributions of ATP signalling through purinergic receptor type 2 (P2R) isoforms in promoting Sca-1+ cell migration and proliferation after vascular injury and to elucidate the main downstream signalling pathways. Methods and results ATP-evoked changes in isolated Sca-1+ cell migration were examined by transwell assays, proliferation by viable cell counting assays and intracellular Ca2+ signalling by fluorometry, while receptor subtype contributions and downstream signals were examined by pharmacological or genetic inhibition, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. These mechanisms were further examined in mice harbouring TdTomato-labelled Sca-1+ cells with and without Sca-1+-targeted P2R knockout following femoral artery guidewire injury. Stimulation with ATP promoted cultured Sca-1+ cell migration, induced intracellular free calcium elevations primarily via P2Y2R stimulation and accelerated proliferation mainly via P2Y6R stimulation. Enhanced migration was inhibited by the ERK blocker PD98059 or P2Y2R-shRNA, while enhanced proliferation was inhibited by the P38 inhibitor SB203580. Femoral artery guidewire injury of the neointima increased the number of TdTomato-labelled Sca-1+ cells, neointimal area and the ratio of neointimal area to media area at 3 weeks post-injury, and all of these responses were reduced by P2Y2R knockdown. Conclusions ATP induces Sca-1+ cell migration through the P2Y2R–Ca2+–ERK signalling pathway, and enhances proliferation through the P2Y6R–P38-MAPK signalling pathway. Both pathways are essential for vascular remodelling following injury. Video Abstrac

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes promote tendon healing by activating both SMAD1/5/9 and SMAD2/3

Abstract Background The use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes (ADSC-Exos) may become a new therapeutic method in biomedicine owing to their important role in regenerative medicine. However, the role of ADSC-Exos in tendon repair has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the healing effects of ADSC-Exos on tendon injury. Methods The adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) and tendon stem cells (TSCs) were isolated from the subcutaneous fat and tendon tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats, respectively, and exosomes were isolated from ADSCs. The proliferation and migration of TSCs induced by ADSC-Exos were analyzed by EdU, cell scratch, and transwell assays. We used western blot to analyze the tenogenic differentiation of TSCs and the role of the SMAD signaling pathways. Then, we explored a new treatment method for tendon injury, combining exosome therapy with local targeting using a biohydrogel. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of inflammatory and tenogenic differentiation after tendon injury, respectively. The quality of tendon healing was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and biomechanical testing. Results ADSC-Exos could be absorbed by TSCs and promoted the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of these cells. This effect may have depended on the activation of the SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/9 pathways. Furthermore, ADSC-Exos inhibited the early inflammatory reaction and promoted tendon healing in vivo. Conclusions Overall, we demonstrated that ADSC-Exos contributed to tendon regeneration and provided proof of concept of a new approach for treating tendon injuries

A General Strategy for Ordered Carrier Transport of Quasi-2D and 3D Perovskite Films for Giant Self-Powered Photoresponse and Ultrahigh Stability

Highlights Uniaxial orientation and single-grain penetration of quasi-2D and 3D perovskite films were achieved via a general thermal-pressed (TP) strategy. The TP-perovskite-based self-powered photodetectors (SPPDs) exhibit one of the best results among the 3D and quasi-2D perovskite SPPDs, respectively. These unpackaged TP-based devices exhibit ultrahigh humidity, optical and heat stability