The Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil

Fossil fuel crisis and depletion, environmental pollution and ever-increase in vehicle and transportation means have renewed the scientist\u27s interest in the world in order to look for potential alternative fuels, which are attractive such as biodiesel, bioethanol, DME and vegetable oils. Inedible vegetable oils such as coconut oil, Jatropha oil, linseed oil or animal fat are full of potential for using directly or manufacturing biodiesel. This work is carried out in order to study the four stroke diesel engine D240 performance characteristics fueled with preheated pure coconut oil (PCO), Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and compare with diesel oil (DO). The test diesel engine performance such as power (Ne), torque (Me), specific fuel consumption (ge) and thermal efficiency (ηe) is determined, calculated and evaluated while using JOME, preheated PCO and compared to DO. The results show that, power (Ne), torque (Me) and thermal efficiency (ηe) while engine is fueled with JOME and PCO are lower, otherwise specific fuel consumption (ge) is higher than those of diesel fuel, the test engine performance are gained the best for JOME and PCO100. Keywords: biofuel, biodiesel, preheated vegetable oils, engine performance, efficiency, specific fuel consumption.Article History: Received Dec 9, 2016; Received in revised form January 28, 2017; Accepted February 4, 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Hoang, T.A and Le,V. V. (2017). The Performance of A Diesel Engine Fueled With Diesel Oil, Biodiesel and Preheated Coconut Oil. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(1), 1-7.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.1-

Mussel-Inspired Direct Immobilization of Nanoparticles and Application for Oil–Water Separation

Immobilization of various nanoparticles onto complex 2D or 3D macroscopic surface is an important issue for nanotechnology, but the challenge remains to explore a facile, general and environmentally friendly method for achieving this goal. Taking inspiration from the adhesion of marine mussels, we reported here that oxide nanoparticles of different compositions and sizes were directly and robustly anchored on the surface of monolithic foams ranging from polymer to metals in an aqueous solution of dopamine. The effective immobilization of the nanoparticles was strongly dependent on the oxidation of dopamine, which could be tuned by either pH or by adding <i>n</i>-dodecanethiol. Interestingly, the thiol addition not only allowed the immobilization to take place in a wide pH range, but also led to superhydrophobicity of the resulting foams. Application of the superhydrophobic foams was illustrated by fast and selective collecting oils from water surface. Because catecholic derivatives exhibit high affinity to a variety of substances, the present strategy might be extendable to fabricate hybrid nanomaterials desirable for self-cleaning, environmental protection, sensors and catalysts, and so forth

Appendix A. A table showing rangesof simulated GPP/NEP in one-year, two-year, and three-year calibration experiments, and figures showin a summary of calculated “ClimVar” for one-year, two-year, and three-year calibration experiments, including deciduous broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, grassland, shrubland and boreal forest and spatial pattern of U.S. NEP, averaged over 2000–2008.

A table showing rangesof simulated GPP/NEP in one-year, two-year, and three-year calibration experiments, and figures showin a summary of calculated “ClimVar” for one-year, two-year, and three-year calibration experiments, including deciduous broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, grassland, shrubland and boreal forest and spatial pattern of U.S. NEP, averaged over 2000–2008

data

real data + multiple models generated dat

Effects of Turbulence and Nonuniformly Distributed Mean Wind on Vortex-induced Vibration of a Long-span Bridge

This paper was reviewed and accepted by the APCWE-IX Programme Committee for Presentation at the 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, held from 3-7 December 2017

Noble-Metal-Free Fe–N/C Catalyst for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction under Both Alkaline and Acidic Conditions

In this work, we report the synthesis and assessment of a new non-precious-metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst from pyrolysis of an iron-coordinated complex which manifests superior activity in both alkaline and acidic media. 11,11′-bis­(dipyrido­[3,2-<i>a</i>:2′,3′-<i>c</i>]­phenazinyl) (bidppz) was selected as a ligand for the formation of a nitrogen-rich iron-coordinated coordination polymer (Fe–bidppz) which forms a self-supporting catalyst containing high densities of nitrogen and iron doping by pyrolysis. The catalyst pyrolyzed at 800 °C (Fe–N/C-800) shows the highest ORR activity with onset and half-wave potentials of 923 and 809 mV in 0.1 M KOH, respectively, which are comparable to those of Pt/C (half-wave potential 818 mV vs RHE) at the same catalyst loading. Besides, the Fe–N/C-800 catalyst has an excellent ORR activity with onset and half-wave potentials only 38 and 59 mV less than those of the Pt/C catalyst in 0.1 M HClO₄. The optimal Fe–N/C-800 catalyst displays much greater durability and tolerance of methanol than Pt/C. We propose that the Fe–N/C-800 catalyst has a considerably high density of surface active sites because Fe–N/C-800 possesses excellent ORR activity while its specific surface area is not so high. Electrochemical measurements show that the Fe–N/C-800 catalyst in KOH and HClO₄ follows the effective four-electron-transfer pathway

Step-Edge Directed Metal Oxidation

Metal surface oxidation is governed by surface mass transport processes. Realistic surfaces have many defects such as step edges, which often dictate the oxide growth dynamics and result in novel oxide nanostructures. Here we present a comprehensive and systematic study of the oxidation of stepped (100), (110) and (111) Cu surfaces using a multiscale approach employing density functional theory (DFT) and reactive force field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We show that the early stages of oxidation of these stepped surfaces can be qualitatively understood from the potential energy surface of single oxygen adatoms, namely, adsorption energies and Ehrlich-Schwöbel barriers. These DFT predictions are then validated using classical MD simulations with a newly optimized ReaxFF force field. In turn, we show that the DFT results can be explained using a simple bond-counting argument that makes our results general and transferable to other metal surfaces

Modification of Crystallization Behavior in Drug/Polyethylene Glycol Solid Dispersions

The crystallization kinetics of various active pharmaceutical ingredient/polyethylene glycol (API/PEG) solid dispersions has been investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. APIs with different physicochemical properties and crystallization tendency were employed to form solid dispersions with PEG. The crystallization rate of benzocaine (BZC) in BZC/PEG (20/80 wt %) solid dispersions was decreased substantially in comparison to that of the pure API, while the PEG matrix did not affect the crystallization behavior of haloperidol (HLP). The induction time for crystallization of ibuprofen (IBP) and fenofibrate (FNB) in a PEG matrix was decreased relative to the induction times for pure IBP and FNB. For the latter systems, it appears that crystalline PEG acted as a favorable heterogeneous nucleation site. The crystallization behavior of PEG in the API/PEG systems was also affected to different extents, depending on the API studied. These results suggest that PEG can delay, promote or have no influence on the crystallization kinetics of different APIs, and that any effects on crystallization behavior should be investigated in order to be able to produce a solid dispersion with consistent properties

Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for four chronic diseases.

<p>Distribution of socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors for four chronic diseases.</p

Enhanced Mass Transfer in the Step Edge Induced Oxidation on Cu(100) Surface

In situ TEM experiments have shown that the oxidation of stepped Cu(100) surface results in a flat Cu₂O film, which is different from the 3D oxide island structure that usually forms on a flat Cu surface. The mass transport process originating from Cu adatoms that detach from the step edge is argued to be responsible for the different oxide growth behavior. Using molecular dynamics in conjunction with a reactive force field (ReaxFF), we show that the mass transport from the step edge to the flat terrace is enhanced by the unevenly distributed oxygen adatoms on the step top compared to the flat terrace. The ReaxFF force field is optimized using density functional theory calculated energetics and kinetic barriers on various Cu surface models. We investigate two possible mechanisms that can trigger Cu transport: (1) strain due to lattice mismatch between Cu and Cu₂O and (2) electrostatic interactions. We show that the formation and diffusion of Cu–O clusters can accelerate the Cu transport process, especially in the presence of surface vacancy defects. Our atomistic simulations demonstrate that the Cu atom detachment progresses from the top of the step edge into deeper layers, and the detachment rate is enhanced with elevated temperatures