Carotid Intima-Media Thickness but Not Carotid Artery Plaque in Healthy Individuals Is Linked to Lean Body Mass.

Background Lean body mass has been identified as a key determinant of left ventricular mass and wall thickness. However, the importance of lean body mass or other body-size measures as normative determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a widely used early indicator of atherosclerosis, has not been well established. Methods and Results Carotid artery ultrasound measurements of cIMT and carotid artery plaque burden (derived from plaque number and maximum size) and measurements of body size, including height, body mass index, weight, body fat proportion, and lean body mass ([1-body fat proportion]×weight), were recorded in 25 020 participants from 10 regions of China. Analyses were restricted to a healthy younger subset (n=6617) defined as never or long-term ex-regular smokers aged <60 years (mean age, 50) without previous ischemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension and with plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <4 mmol/L. Among these 6617 participants, 86% were women (because most men smoked) and 9% had carotid artery plaque. In both women and men separately, lean body mass was strongly positively associated with cIMT, but was not associated with plaque burden: overall, each 10 kg higher lean body mass was associated with a 0.03 (95% CI, 0.03-0.04) mm higher cIMT (P=5×10-33). Fat mass, height, and other body-size measures were more weakly associated with cIMT. Conclusions The strong association of lean body mass with cIMT, but not with plaque burden, in healthy adults suggests a normative relationship rather than reflecting atherosclerotic pathology. Common mechanisms may underlie the associations of lean body mass with cIMT and with nonatherosclerotic vascular traits.This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC_MC_U137686851, MRC_MC_U137686853); the British Heart Foundation (CH/1996001/9454); Cancer Research UK (C500/A16896); the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation (during 2002–2009); the Wellcome Trust (104085/Z/14/Z); and the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (81390541)

Surface Engineering of BiVO4-based Photoelectrochemical Cells for Water Splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for converting solar energy into green hydrogen. The development of highly efficient, robust and cost-effective photoanodes has been established to be of essential importance for PEC water oxidation. BiVO4 has been deemed as one of the most up-and-coming metal oxide-based photoanode materials for PEC water splitting. Development of new surface engineering techniques for BiVO4 is therefore the subject of this thesis.  In Chapter 1, a general introduction that centers on the solar fuel production by BiVO4-based PEC cells is presented. It concerns the working principles of PEC systems, current status of BiVO4-based photoanodes, and modification strategies for enhancement of the PEC activity.  In Chapter 2, the characterization methods used in this thesis and the preparation of BiVO4 photoelectrode are introduced.  In Chapter 3, a postsynthetic borate treatment is developed to decorate the BiVO4 surface. The PEC performance of as-prepared B-BiVO4 photoanode is evaluated and the mechanism of the PEC enhancement is subsequently investigated. Moreover, the layered double hydroxide-based cocatalyst is integrated with the B-BiVO4 substrate. The synergistic effects of borate treatment and cocatalyst on improvement of the PEC activity are discussed.  In Chapter 4, a conjugated microporous polymer-based heterogeneous catalyst is applied to the surface modification of BiVO4. The PEC performance of the BiVO4/eCMP-Co hybrid photoanode is discussed. Furthermore, the origin of the PEC enhancement is investigated by charge kinetics studies. In Chapter 5, a metal-organic complex, cobalt phytate, is introduced on BiVO4 by photo-assisted electrodeposition in the form of an ultra-thin nanolayer. The PEC performance of the BiVO4/CoPhy integrated photoanode and the role of CoPhy in interfacial charge transfer is investigated.Fotoelektrokemisk (PEC) vattensplittring är en lovande teknik för att omvandla solenergi till grön vätgas. Utvecklingen av effektiva, robusta och kostnadseffektiva fotoanoder har fastställts vara av avgörande betydelse för PEC-baserad vattenoxidation. BiVO4 har ansetts vara ett av de mest framväxande metalloxidbaserade fotoanodmaterialen för PEC-baserad vattenoxidation. Att utveckla nya tekniker för ytmodifiering på BiVO4 är därför ämnet för denna avhandling. I kapitel 1 presenteras en allmän introduktion som fokuserar på produktion av solbränsle med BiVO4-baserade PEC-celler. Kapitlet beskriver arbetsprinciperna för PEC-system, nuvarande status för BiVO4-baserade fotoanoder och modifieringsstrategier för att förbättra PEC-aktiviteten. I kapitel 2 introduceras de karakteriseringsmetoder som används i denna avhandling och tillverkningen av BiVO4-baserade fotoelektroder. I kapitel 3 utvecklas en postsyntetisk boratbehandling för att dekorera BiVO4-ytan på molekylär nivå. PEC-prestandan för den beredda B-BiVO4-fotoanoden utvärderas och mekanismen för PEC-förbättring undersöks därefter. Dessutom är en skiktad dubbelhydroxidbaserad co-katalysator integrerad med B-BiVO4-substratet. Dessutom diskuteras de synergistiska effekterna av boratbehandlingen och co-katalysatorn på förbättring av PEC-aktiviteten. I kapitel 4 appliceras en konjugerad mikroporös polymerbaserad heterogen katalysator för ytmodifiering av BiVO4. PEC-prestandan för BiVO4/eCMP-Co hybrid fotoanoden diskuteras. Sedan undersöks ursprunget till PEC-förbättringen med hjälp av laddningskinetikstudier. I kapitel 5 introduceras ett organisk-metall komplex, koboltfytat, på BiVO4 genom fotoassisterad elektrodeponering i form av ett ultratunt nanolager. PEC-prestandan för den BiVO4/CoPhy integrerade fotoanoden och rollen för CoPhy vid gränssnitt laddningsöverföring undersöks också.QC 2021-11-03</p

Surface Engineering of BiVO4-based Photoelectrochemical Cells for Water Splitting

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising technology for converting solar energy into green hydrogen. The development of highly efficient, robust and cost-effective photoanodes has been established to be of essential importance for PEC water oxidation. BiVO4 has been deemed as one of the most up-and-coming metal oxide-based photoanode materials for PEC water splitting. Development of new surface engineering techniques for BiVO4 is therefore the subject of this thesis.  In Chapter 1, a general introduction that centers on the solar fuel production by BiVO4-based PEC cells is presented. It concerns the working principles of PEC systems, current status of BiVO4-based photoanodes, and modification strategies for enhancement of the PEC activity.  In Chapter 2, the characterization methods used in this thesis and the preparation of BiVO4 photoelectrode are introduced.  In Chapter 3, a postsynthetic borate treatment is developed to decorate the BiVO4 surface. The PEC performance of as-prepared B-BiVO4 photoanode is evaluated and the mechanism of the PEC enhancement is subsequently investigated. Moreover, the layered double hydroxide-based cocatalyst is integrated with the B-BiVO4 substrate. The synergistic effects of borate treatment and cocatalyst on improvement of the PEC activity are discussed.  In Chapter 4, a conjugated microporous polymer-based heterogeneous catalyst is applied to the surface modification of BiVO4. The PEC performance of the BiVO4/eCMP-Co hybrid photoanode is discussed. Furthermore, the origin of the PEC enhancement is investigated by charge kinetics studies. In Chapter 5, a metal-organic complex, cobalt phytate, is introduced on BiVO4 by photo-assisted electrodeposition in the form of an ultra-thin nanolayer. The PEC performance of the BiVO4/CoPhy integrated photoanode and the role of CoPhy in interfacial charge transfer is investigated.Fotoelektrokemisk (PEC) vattensplittring är en lovande teknik för att omvandla solenergi till grön vätgas. Utvecklingen av effektiva, robusta och kostnadseffektiva fotoanoder har fastställts vara av avgörande betydelse för PEC-baserad vattenoxidation. BiVO4 har ansetts vara ett av de mest framväxande metalloxidbaserade fotoanodmaterialen för PEC-baserad vattenoxidation. Att utveckla nya tekniker för ytmodifiering på BiVO4 är därför ämnet för denna avhandling. I kapitel 1 presenteras en allmän introduktion som fokuserar på produktion av solbränsle med BiVO4-baserade PEC-celler. Kapitlet beskriver arbetsprinciperna för PEC-system, nuvarande status för BiVO4-baserade fotoanoder och modifieringsstrategier för att förbättra PEC-aktiviteten. I kapitel 2 introduceras de karakteriseringsmetoder som används i denna avhandling och tillverkningen av BiVO4-baserade fotoelektroder. I kapitel 3 utvecklas en postsyntetisk boratbehandling för att dekorera BiVO4-ytan på molekylär nivå. PEC-prestandan för den beredda B-BiVO4-fotoanoden utvärderas och mekanismen för PEC-förbättring undersöks därefter. Dessutom är en skiktad dubbelhydroxidbaserad co-katalysator integrerad med B-BiVO4-substratet. Dessutom diskuteras de synergistiska effekterna av boratbehandlingen och co-katalysatorn på förbättring av PEC-aktiviteten. I kapitel 4 appliceras en konjugerad mikroporös polymerbaserad heterogen katalysator för ytmodifiering av BiVO4. PEC-prestandan för BiVO4/eCMP-Co hybrid fotoanoden diskuteras. Sedan undersöks ursprunget till PEC-förbättringen med hjälp av laddningskinetikstudier. I kapitel 5 introduceras ett organisk-metall komplex, koboltfytat, på BiVO4 genom fotoassisterad elektrodeponering i form av ett ultratunt nanolager. PEC-prestandan för den BiVO4/CoPhy integrerade fotoanoden och rollen för CoPhy vid gränssnitt laddningsöverföring undersöks också.QC 2021-11-03</p

Benefit Linkage Effect, Organizational Structure and Collaboration Performance: An Empirical Study of the Agricultural Industrialization Consortium in Shanghai, China

As a new type of agricultural management organization alliance, the effect of the benefit linkage generated by agricultural industrialization consortium on collaboration performance is closely related to the sustainable development of the agricultural economy. Based on survey data on consortia in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the effects of benefit linkage and uses multiple linear regression modeling to comprehensively explore the impact of benefit linkage effects on collaboration performance from both subjective and objective aspects, as well as the differences in impact on the collaboration performance of consortia with different organizational structures. The results show that the benefit linkage effect has a positive impact on collaboration performance, and there are differences in the impact of the benefit linkage effect on collaboration performance under different types of organizational structures, among which the resource allocation effect, capitalization effect and correlation effect of the benefit linkage of non-joint stock consortia have a positive impact on collaboration performance; the resource allocation effect of joint-stock consortia has no significant impact on collaboration performance, the capitalization effect on collaboration performance is significantly lower than that of non-joint stock consortia, and the correlation effect on collaboration performance is significantly higher than that of non-joint-stock consortia. Therefore, under a certain benefit linkage, according to the establishment purpose and collaboration goal, a consortium with different types of organizational structures should be established to give full play to the impact of the benefit linkage effect on collaboration performance and promote the sustainable development of agricultural industrialization

Effect of Dupilumab on Generalized Verrucosis in Refractory Bullous Pemphigoid

Abstract is missing (Short communication

Identifying MnVII-oxo Species during Electrochemical Water Oxidation by Manganese Oxide

Summary: Identifying surface active intermediate species is essential to reveal the catalytic mechanism of water oxidation by metal-oxides-based catalysts and to develop more efficient catalysts for oxygen-oxygen bond formation. Here we report, through electrochemical methods and ex situ infrared spectroscopy, the identification of a MnVII = O intermediate during catalytic water oxidation by a c-disordered δ-MnOx with an onset-potential-dependent reduction peak at 0.93 V and an infrared peak at 912 cm−1. This intermediate is proved to be highly reactive and much more oxidative than permanganate ion. Therefore, we propose a new catalytic mechanism for water oxidation catalyzed by Mn oxides, with involvement of the MnVII = O intermediate in a resting state and the MnIV−O−MnVII = O as a real active species for oxygen-oxygen bond formation. : Inorganic Chemistry; Surface Science; Energy Materials; Electrocatalysis Subject Areas: Inorganic Chemistry, Surface Science, Energy Materials, Electrocatalysi