Comparison and Reference of Public Policy on People’s Livelihood Between China and the United Sates—Based on the Case of Chongqing

Education, health care, employment, social security and other livelihood policies related to people’s vital interests and social harmony and stability, China and the U.S. government attach great importance to the formulation and improvement of people’s livelihood policies. However, due to the different political systems, economic, social, cultural and other aspects between the two countries, the livelihood policies of the two countries are quite different too. Based on a brief introduction of livelihood policies of China and U.S., on the comparative analysis of the livelihood policies differences between the two countries, noting that the significant difference between China and U.S. Livelihood policies is that the market-oriented and government-led, while the laws and regulations completeness and the guidance services of policy also have a large gap. Combined Chongqing practice, Chongqing need to learn from U.S. in formulating and improving the livelihood policies, market, social policy- oriented of livelihood, while the people’s livelihood policy system, guidance and services and integration of urban-rural livelihood policies also need to improve constantly. Key words: People’s livelihood policy; China and the U.S.; Comparison; Referenc

An Improved Animal Migration Optimization Algorithm for Clustering Analysis

Animal migration optimization (AMO) is one of the most recently introduced algorithms based on the behavior of animal swarm migration. This paper presents an improved AMO algorithm (IAMO), which significantly improves the original AMO in solving complex optimization problems. Clustering is a popular data analysis and data mining technique and it is used in many fields. The well-known method in solving clustering problems is k-means clustering algorithm; however, it highly depends on the initial solution and is easy to fall into local optimum. To improve the defects of the k-means method, this paper used IAMO for the clustering problem and experiment on synthetic and real life data sets. The simulation results show that the algorithm has a better performance than that of the k-means, PSO, CPSO, ABC, CABC, and AMO algorithm for solving the clustering problem

Optimal planning for partially self-sufficient microgrid with limited annual electricity exchange with distribution grid

Existing research on on-grid microgrid planning is carried out with a free trading assumption and without considering the limitation of annual electricity exchange. Therefore, the existing planning and sizing scheme may be not viable for the application of partially self-sufficient microgrid (PSSMG) with a limited amount of electricity exchange. To address this issue, a new planning method for PSSMG is proposed in this paper considering the limited annual electricity exchanging amount (AEEA). The sizing model and energy management are linearized and simultaneously integrated into one model, which could be solved in polynomial time. In order to effectively reduce the number of variables of a full year horizon and to cope with the uncertainty both of DGs and loads, a data-driven method based on K-means algorithm is utilized to choose a set of typical days that are representative of historical data of one full year. Finally, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified by comparative numerical simulations, and the sensitivity of limited AEEA to the planning scheme is analyzed

Correlation feature selection and mutual information theory based quantitative research on meteorological impact factors of module temperature for solar photovoltaic systems

The module temperature is the most important parameter influencing the output power of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, aside from solar irradiance. In this paper, we focus on the interdisciplinary research that combines the correlation analysis, mutual information (MI) and heat transfer theory, which aims to figure out the correlative relations between different meteorological impact factors (MIFs) and PV module temperature from both quality and quantitative aspects. The identification and confirmation of primary MIFs of PV module temperature are investigated as the first step of this research from the perspective of physical meaning and mathematical analysis about electrical performance and thermal characteristic of PV modules based on PV effect and heat transfer theory. Furthermore, the quantitative description of the MIFs influence on PV module temperature is mathematically formulated as several indexes using correlation-based feature selection (CFS) and MI theory to explore the specific impact degrees under four different typical weather statuses named general weather classes (GWCs). Case studies for the proposed methods were conducted using actual measurement data of a 500 kW grid-connected solar PV plant in China. The results not only verified the knowledge about the main MIFs of PV module temperatures, more importantly, but also provide the specific ratio of quantitative impact degrees of these three MIFs respectively through CFS and MI based measures under four different GWCs.This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51577067, 51277075); the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (3162033); the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2015502060); the Key Project of the Science and Technology Support Program of Hebei Province (12213913D); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2014ZD29 and 2015XS108); State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (LAPS15009, LAPS16007 and LAPS16015), the China Scholarship Council (CSC) and the Science & Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC)

mRNA transcription and protein expression of PPAR\u3b3, FAS, and HSL in different parts of the carcass between fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the level differences of mRNA transcription and protein expression of PPAR\u3b3, FAS and HSL in different parts of the carcass in different tail-type sheep. Six Tan sheep and six Shaanbei fine-wool sheep aged 9monthswere slaughtered and sampleswere collected fromthe tail adipose, subcutaneous adipose, and longissimus dorsimuscle. The levels ofmRNA transcription and protein expression of the target genes in these tissues were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Results: The results showed that PPAR\u3b3, FAS, and HSL were expressed with spatial differences in tail adipose, subcutaneous adipose and longissimus dorsi muscle of Tan sheep and Shaanbei fine-wool sheep. Differences were also observed between the two breeds. The mRNA transcription levels of these genes were somewhat consistent with their protein expression levels. Conclusion: The present results indicated that PPAR\u3b3, FAS and HSL are correlated with fat deposition, especially for the regulating of adipose deposition in intramuscular fat, and that the mRNA expression patterns are similar to the protein expression patterns. The mechanism requires clarification in further studies

MDM2 promotes cancer cell survival through regulating the expression of HIF-1α and pVHL in retinoblastoma

Hypoxia is an important tumor feature and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master regulator of cell response to hypoxia. Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) promotes cancer cell survival in retinoblastoma (RB), with the underlying mechanism remaining elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of MDM2 and its relation to HIF-1α in RB. Expression analysis on primary human RB samples showed that MDM2 expression was positively correlated with that of HIF-1α while negatively correlated with von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL), the regulator of HIF-1α. In agreement, RB cells with MDM2 overexpression showed increased expression of HIF-1α and decreased expression of pVHL, while cells with MDM2 siRNA knockdown or MDM2-specific inhibitor showed the opposite effect under hypoxia. Further immuno-precipitation analysis revealed that MDM2 could directly interact with pVHL and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation, which consequently led to the increase of HIF-1α. Inhibition of MDM2 and/or HIF-1α with specific inhibitors induced RB cell death and decreased the stem cell properties of primary RB cells. Taken together, our study has shown that MDM2 promotes RB survival through regulating the expression of pVHL and HIF-1α, and targeting MDM2 and/or HIF-1α represents a potential effective approach for RB treatment

Molecular tracing of a suspected foodborne disease event caused by Bacillus cereus

ObjectiveTo trace Bacillus cereus （B. cereus） from foodborne disease outbreaks toidentify pathogens and cut off transmission.MethodsPulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） was performed. Furthermore， 12 isolates of B. cereus were subjected to PFGE. Subsequently， whole-genome sequencing （WGS） analysis was conducted on ten of these isolates. The WGS data were analyzed and assembled using BioNumerics software. Multilocus sequence typing （MLST）， virulence gene profiles， and single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） were analyzed using assembled sequences.ResultsPFGE analysis classified the 12 B. cereus strains into nine pulsotypes. The three B. cereus isolates with the same PFGE pattern belonged to ST1435， and there were only three SNPs in the three ST1435 strains. The two B. cereus isolates with the same PFGE patterns were ST24 with one SNP between them， and the two ST24 isolates harbored hlbACD. These results indicate that the B. cereus isolates belonged to the same clone. The remaining three B. cereus strains also contained hlbACD.ConclusionFood-borne illness events caused by B. cereus are complex and are sources of contamination. Therefore， it will be necessary to strengthen the hygiene surveillance of food sources and workers and to pay more attention to cleaning and disinfecting environments and facilities， which will be important for preventing and controlling foodborne diseases

Programmable Base Editing of the Sheep Genome Revealed No Genome-Wide Off-Target Mutations

Since its emergence, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated base editors (BEs) with cytosine deaminase activity have been used to precisely and efficiently introduce single-base mutations in genomes, including those of human cells, mice, and crop species. Most production traits in livestock are induced by point mutations, and genome editing using BEs without homology-directed repair of double-strand breaks can directly alter single nucleotides. The p.96R > C variant of Suppressor cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) has profound effects on body weight, body size, and milk production in sheep. In the present study, we successfully obtained lambs with defined point mutations resulting in a p.96R > C substitution in SOCS2 by the co-injection of BE3 mRNA and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) into sheep zygotes. The observed efficiency of the single nucleotide exchange in newborn animals was as high as 25%. Observations of body size and body weight in the edited group showed that gene modification contributes to enhanced growth traits in sheep. Moreover, targeted deep sequencing and unbiased family trio-based whole genome sequencing revealed undetectable off-target mutations in the edited animals. This study demonstrates the potential for the application of BE-mediated point mutations in large animals for the improvement of production traits in livestock species

Current management of intracerebral haemorrhage in China: a national, multi-centre, hospital register study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We aimed to examine current practice of the management and secondary prevention of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) in China where the disease is more common than in Western populations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data on baseline characteristics, management in-hospital and post-stroke, and outcome of ICH patients are from the ChinaQUEST (QUality Evaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment) study, a multi-centre, prospective, 62 hospital registry in China during 2006-07.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nearly all ICH patients (n = 1572) received an intravenous haemodiluting agent such as mannitol (96%) or a neuroprotectant (72%), and there was high use of intravenous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (42%). Neurosurgery was undertaken in 137 (9%) patients; being overweight, having a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome (TACS) clinical pattern on admission, were the only baseline factors associated with this intervention in multivariate analyses. Neurosurgery was associated with nearly three times higher risk of death/disability at 3 months post-stroke (odd ratio [OR] 2.60, p < 0.001). Continuation of antihypertensives in-hospital and at 3 and 12 months post-stroke was reported in 732/935 (78%), 775/935 (83%), and 752/935 (80%) living patients with hypertension, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The management of ICH in China is characterised by high rates of use of intravenous haemodiluting agents, neuroprotectants, and TCM, and of antihypertensives for secondary prevention. The controversial efficacy of these therapies, coupled with the current lack of treatments of proven benefit, is a call for action for more outcomes based research in ICH.</p

Disruption of splicing-regulatory elements using CRISPR/Cas9 to rescue spinal muscular atrophy in human iPSCs and mice

We here report a genome-editing strategy to correct spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Rather than directly targeting the pathogenic exonic mutations, our strategy employed Cas9 and guide-sgRNA for the targeted disruption of intronic splicing-regulatory elements. We disrupted intronic splicing silencers (ISSs, including ISS-N1 and ISS + 100) of survival motor neuron (SMN) 2, a key modifier gene of SMA, to enhance exon 7 inclusion and full-length SMN expression in SMA iPSCs. Survival of splicing-corrected iPSC-derived motor neurons was rescued with SMN restoration. Furthermore, co-injection of Cas9 mRNA from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) or Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) alongside their corresponding sgRNAs targeting ISS-N1 into zygotes rescued 56% and 100% of severe SMA transgenic mice (Smn , SMN2 ). The median survival of the resulting mice was extended to >400 days. Collectively, our study provides proof-of-principle for a new strategy to therapeutically intervene in SMA and other RNA-splicing-related diseases. -/- tg/