1,963 research outputs found
Drive Like a Human: Rethinking Autonomous Driving with Large Language Models
In this paper, we explore the potential of using a large language model (LLM)
to understand the driving environment in a human-like manner and analyze its
ability to reason, interpret, and memorize when facing complex scenarios. We
argue that traditional optimization-based and modular autonomous driving (AD)
systems face inherent performance limitations when dealing with long-tail
corner cases. To address this problem, we propose that an ideal AD system
should drive like a human, accumulating experience through continuous driving
and using common sense to solve problems. To achieve this goal, we identify
three key abilities necessary for an AD system: reasoning, interpretation, and
memorization. We demonstrate the feasibility of employing an LLM in driving
scenarios by building a closed-loop system to showcase its comprehension and
environment-interaction abilities. Our extensive experiments show that the LLM
exhibits the impressive ability to reason and solve long-tailed cases,
providing valuable insights for the development of human-like autonomous
driving. The related code are available at
https://github.com/PJLab-ADG/DriveLikeAHuman
Interdisciplinary Fairness in Imbalanced Research Proposal Topic Inference: A Hierarchical Transformer-based Method with Selective Interpolation
The objective of topic inference in research proposals aims to obtain the
most suitable disciplinary division from the discipline system defined by a
funding agency. The agency will subsequently find appropriate peer review
experts from their database based on this division. Automated topic inference
can reduce human errors caused by manual topic filling, bridge the knowledge
gap between funding agencies and project applicants, and improve system
efficiency. Existing methods focus on modeling this as a hierarchical
multi-label classification problem, using generative models to iteratively
infer the most appropriate topic information. However, these methods overlook
the gap in scale between interdisciplinary research proposals and
non-interdisciplinary ones, leading to an unjust phenomenon where the automated
inference system categorizes interdisciplinary proposals as
non-interdisciplinary, causing unfairness during the expert assignment. How can
we address this data imbalance issue under a complex discipline system and
hence resolve this unfairness? In this paper, we implement a topic label
inference system based on a Transformer encoder-decoder architecture.
Furthermore, we utilize interpolation techniques to create a series of
pseudo-interdisciplinary proposals from non-interdisciplinary ones during
training based on non-parametric indicators such as cross-topic probabilities
and topic occurrence probabilities. This approach aims to reduce the bias of
the system during model training. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments on
a real-world dataset to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The
experimental results demonstrate that our training strategy can significantly
mitigate the unfairness generated in the topic inference task.Comment: 19 pages, Under review. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:2209.1391
Risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study based on hospital medical records in 10 years
Objective: Though the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established in Western population, little is known about the risk in Chinese people with RA. Our objective was to estimate the risk of CVD in Chinese people with RA using hospital medical records data.
Methods
The inpatients medical record database 2005‐2015 of Sichuan provincial people’s hospital was examined. All individuals with a primary diagnosis of RA were included as cases, and those of osteoarthritis (OA) were included as controls, which consisted of the unmatched dataset. Then, RA cases and OA controls were matched by sex and age at 1:1 ratio, forming the matched dataset. The morbidity of CVD (including ischemia heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), et al), stroke and arthrosclerosis were extracted from the database, so as the demographic data and comorbidities related to CVD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of CVD in RA adjusted for demographics and comorbidities using the unmatched dataset. Sensitivity analysis was conducted 1) considering interaction terms between RA and comorbidities, and 2) using multivariable conditional logistic regression for the matched dataset.
Results: The unmatched data set comprised of 1824RA cases and 1995 OA controls and the matched dataset comprised of 1022 pairs of sex and age matched RA and OA patients. RA exhibited increased odds of prevalent CVD compared with OA, and the adjusted ORs (95%CIs) for CVD, stroke, IHD, CHF, and atherosclerosis were1.86(1.42‐2.43), 1.11(0.71‐1.74), 1.47(0.97‐2.24), 2.09(1.03‐4.22), and 2.49 (1.97‐3.13), respectively, and was 2.26 (1.29‐3.96) for IHD further adjusted for interaction term. The matched dataset analysis found similar results.
Conclusions: Chinese people with RA were approximated 2 times more 1 likely to have CVD, IHD, CHF and atherosclerosis compared with those with OA. The findings justified the need of further longitudinal study to establish the causal‐relationship between RA and CVD and to estimate the precise risk in this population
Generation of Kerr soliton microcomb in a normally dispersed lithium niobate microdisk resonator by mode trimming
Anomalous microresonator dispersion is mandatory for Kerr soliton microcomb
formation, which depends critically on the geometry of the microresonator and
can hardly be tuned after the structure is made. To date, cavity-based
microcombs have only been generated with fundamental whispering gallery modes
(WGMs) of anomalous dispersion in microresonators. Moreover, microcomb
generation in highly Raman-active platforms such as lithium niobate (LN)
microresonators frequently suffers from stimulated Raman scattering and mode
crossing due to the existence of multiple families of high-order WGMs. Here, we
reveal a unique Kerr soliton microcomb generation mechanism through mode
trimming in a weakly perturbed LN microdisk resonator. Remarkably, the soliton
comb is generated with fundamental WGMs of normal dispersion and free from the
mode crossing and Raman scattering effects. A robust soliton with a spectrum
spanning from 1450 nm to 1620 nm at an on-chip pump power of 35 mW. Our
discovery offers a powerful solution to circumvent the stringent requirements
on high-precision dispersion engineering and termination of Raman excitation
for soliton generation in the high-Q microdisk.Comment: 16 pages,and 5 figure
Electro-optically tunable low phase-noise microwave synthesizer in an active lithium niobate microdisk
Photonic-based low-phase-noise microwave generation with real-time frequency
tuning is crucial for a broad spectrum of subjects, including next-generation
wireless communications, radar, metrology, and modern instrumentation. Here,
for the first time to the best of our knowledge, narrow-bandwidth
dual-wavelength microlasers are generated from nearly degenerate polygon modes
in a high-Q active lithium niobate microdisk. The high-Q polygon modes
formation with independently controllable resonant wavelengths and free
spectral ranges is enabled by the weak perturbation of the whispering gallery
microdisk resonators using a tapered fiber. The stable beating signal confirms
the low phase-noise achieved in the tunable laser. Owing to the high spatial
overlap factors between the two nearly degenerate lasing modes as well as that
between the two lasing modes and the pump mode, gain competition between the
two modes is suppressed, leading to stable dual-wavelength laser generation and
in turn the low noise microwave source. The measured microwave signal shows a
linewidth of ~6.87 kHz, a phase noise of ~-123 dBc/Hz, and an electro-optic
tuning efficiency of -1.66 MHz/V.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Neutralization of IL- 10 produced by B cells promotes protective immunity during persistent HCV infection in humanized mice
Chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and is associated with increased mortality. Interleukin (IL)- 10- producing B cells (B10 cells) are regulatory cells that suppress cellular immune responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether HCV induces B10 cells and assess the roles of the B10 cells during HCV infection. HCV- induced B10 cells were enriched in CD19hi and CD1dhiCD5+ cell populations. HCV predominantly triggered the TLR2- MyD88- NF- κB and AP- 1 signaling pathways to drive IL- 10 production by B cells. In a humanized murine model of persistent HCV infection, to neutralize IL- 10 produced by B10 cells, mice were treated with pcCD19scFv- IL- 10R, which contains the genes coding the anti- CD19 single- chain variable fragment (CD19scFv) and the extracellular domain of IL- 10 receptor alpha chain (sIL- 10Ra). This treatment resulted in significant reduction of B10 cells in spleen and liver, increase of cytotoxic CD8+ T- cell responses against HCV, and low viral loads in infected humanized mice. Our results indicate that targeting B10 cells via neutralization of IL- 10 may offer a novel strategy to enhance anti- HCV immunotherapy.HCV predominantly triggers the TLR2- MyD88- NF- κB and AP- 1 signaling pathways to drive IL- 10 production by B cells. Neutralization of IL- 10 produced by B10 cells promotes anti- HCV immunity in a humanized murine model of persistent HCV infection. These results provide insight into a novel immunotherapy strategy for HCV treatment.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162732/2/eji4736.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/162732/1/eji4736_am.pd
Risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study based on hospital medical records in 10 years
Objective: Though the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established in Western population, little is known about the risk in Chinese people with RA. Our objective was to estimate the risk of CVD in Chinese people with RA using hospital medical records data.MethodsThe inpatients medical record database 2005‐2015 of Sichuan provincial people’s hospital was examined. All individuals with a primary diagnosis of RA were included as cases, and those of osteoarthritis (OA) were included as controls, which consisted of the unmatched dataset. Then, RA cases and OA controls were matched by sex and age at 1:1 ratio, forming the matched dataset. The morbidity of CVD (including ischemia heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), et al), stroke and arthrosclerosis were extracted from the database, so as the demographic data and comorbidities related to CVD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of CVD in RA adjusted for demographics and comorbidities using the unmatched dataset. Sensitivity analysis was conducted 1) considering interaction terms between RA and comorbidities, and 2) using multivariable conditional logistic regression for the matched dataset.Results: The unmatched data set comprised of 1824RA cases and 1995 OA controls and the matched dataset comprised of 1022 pairs of sex and age matched RA and OA patients. RA exhibited increased odds of prevalent CVD compared with OA, and the adjusted ORs (95%CIs) for CVD, stroke, IHD, CHF, and atherosclerosis were1.86(1.42‐2.43), 1.11(0.71‐1.74), 1.47(0.97‐2.24), 2.09(1.03‐4.22), and 2.49 (1.97‐3.13), respectively, and was 2.26 (1.29‐3.96) for IHD further adjusted for interaction term. The matched dataset analysis found similar results.Conclusions: Chinese people with RA were approximated 2 times more 1 likely to have CVD, IHD, CHF and atherosclerosis compared with those with OA. The findings justified the need of further longitudinal study to establish the causal‐relationship between RA and CVD and to estimate the precise risk in this population
Experimentally Detecting Quantized Zak Phases without Chiral Symmetry in Photonic Lattices
Symmetries play a major role in identifying topological phases of matter and in establishing a direct connection between protected edge states and topological bulk invariants via the bulk-boundary correspondence. One-dimensional lattices are deemed to be protected by chiral symmetry, exhibiting quantized Zak phases and protected edge states, but not for all cases. Here, we experimentally realize an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model with broken chiral symmetry by engineering one-dimensional zigzag photonic lattices, where the long-range hopping breaks chiral symmetry but ensures the existence of inversion symmetry. By the averaged mean displacement method, we detect topological invariants directly in the bulk through the continuous-time quantum walk of photons. Our results demonstrate that inversion symmetry protects the quantized Zak phase but edge states can disappear in the topological nontrivial phase, thus breaking the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. Our photonic lattice provides a useful platform to study the interplay among topological phases, symmetries, and the bulk-boundary correspondence.This research is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0308700, 2019YFA0706302, 2017YFA0303700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11904229, 11761141014, 61734005, 11690033), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (STCSM) (20JC1416300, 2019SHZDZX01), the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (SMEC) (2017-01-07-00-02-E00049). X.-M. J. acknowledges additional support from a Shanghai talent program and support from the Zhiyuan Innovative Research Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Polymorphic Microsatellite Loci Isolated from the Squalidus argentatus Using PCR-Based Isolation of Microsatellite Arrays (PIMA)
Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage and Dabry de Thiersant 1874) is a small-sized freshwater fish which is distributed in Mainland China, Hainan Island and Taiwan. The populations of S. argentatus have dropped sharply probably due to overharvesting and water pollution recently. Eleven polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for the cyprinid fish S. argentatus. These new markers were tested on 43 individuals collected from Yangtze River and Qiantang River. The number of alleles, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus, in two populations ranged from 3 to 14, from 0.333 to 0.954 and from 0.480 to 0.928, respectively. Only two loci are significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg expectations due to the heterozygote deficiency. No significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between the pairwise comparisons of these loci. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will enable us to study the genetic variation, population structure, and conservation genetics of this species in the future
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