1,057 research outputs found
Three Healthcare Topics: Adult Children's Informal Care to Aging Parents, Working Age Population's Marijuana Use, and Indigenous Adolescents' Suicidal Behaviors
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)This dissertation examines three vulnerable groupsâ health and healthcare access.
The first research uses the 2002â2011 Health and Retirement Study data to estimate the effects of adult childrenâs employment on their caregiving to aging parents. State monthly unemployment rates are used as an instrument for employment. Results show that being employed affects neither male nor female adult childrenâs caregiving to aging parents significantly. The findings imply that the total amount of informal care provided by adult children might not be affected by changes in labor market participation trends of the two genders.
The second research studies the labor impact of Colorado and Washingtonâs passage of recreational marijuana laws in December 2012. The difference-in-differences method is applied on the 2010â2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health state estimates and the 2008â2013 Survey of Income and Program Participation data to estimate legalizationâs effects on employment. The results show that legalizing recreational marijuana increases marijuana use and reduces the number of weeks employed in a given month by 0.090 among those aged 21 to 25. The lawsâ labor effects are not significant on those aged 26 and above. To reduce legalizationâs negative effects on employment, states may consider raising the minimum legal age for recreational marijuana use. The third research examines disparities in suicidal behaviors between indigenous and non-indigenous adolescents. The study analyzes the 2001â2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Oaxaca decomposition is applied to detect sources of disparities in suicide consideration, planning, and attempts. The study finds that the disparities in suicidal behaviors can be explained by differences in suicidal factorsâ prevalence and effect sizes between the two groups. Suicidal behavior disparities might be reduced by protecting male indigenous adolescents from sexual abuse and depression, reducing female indigenous adolescentsâ substance use, as well as involving male indigenous adolescents in sports teams
Factors affecting the Affordable Care Act Marketplace stand-alone pediatric dental plan premiums
BACKGROUND:
Children from lower income families have inadequate dental insurance coverage and poorer dental health in the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) created Health Insurance Exchange Marketplaces to increase competition among health insurers and to provide low-income families with less costly health plans. The study examined Marketplace pediatric stand-alone dental plans (SADPs) and factors that affect their premiums.
METHODS:
The data used were 2016 Federal-Facilitated and State-Partnership Marketplace pediatric SADP data. Ordinary least squares regressions were applied to estimate contributing factors' effects on SADP premiums.
RESULTS:
Great premium variation was found among low and high coverage level SADPs, respectively. Premiums of Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) SADPs were significantly less expensive than Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) SADPs. SADPs charged significantly higher premiums for more types of services covered. SADPs also charged higher premiums in states where there are larger proportions of low-income people who report poor dental health, more dentists per capita, or higher dentists' wages. The number of insurance companies offering pediatric SADPs in a Marketplace was negatively associated with premiums.
CONCLUSION:
The current Marketplace pediatric SADPs may have limited effects on increasing economically disadvantaged children's access to quality dental care. Marketplaces can promote competition among its pediatric dental insurers on providing lower-cost pediatric SADPs
Factors Motivating Customersâ SNS Brand Page Behaviors: A Comparison Between China and Korea
The wide use of Social Network Site (SNS) brand pages by companies has renovated brand strategies in the new era. This study is to provide meaningful implications regarding companiesâ effective use of SNS brand pages and help global companies with their development of brand strategies. Using survey, this study investigates motivating factors (functional benefits, hedonic benefits, economic benefits, intrinsic benefits, and brand reputation) influencing SNS brand page usersâ participation and commitment and the subsequent impact on purchase intention. Potential cultural differences between Chinese and Korean users are also examined along Hofstedeâs culture framework. The results show that prior motivating factors found in traditional online brand communities largely hold in the context of SNS brand page in both countries, but there are differences in the significance and importance of motivating factors between the two countries. Implications and contributions are discussed.
Available at: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pajais/vol9/iss4/3
Energy stable and maximum bound principle preserving schemes for the Q-tensor flow of liquid crystals
In this paper, we propose two efficient fully-discrete schemes for Q-tensor
flow of liquid crystals by using the first- and second-order stabilized
exponential scalar auxiliary variable (sESAV) approach in time and the finite
difference method for spatial discretization. The modified discrete energy
dissipation laws are unconditionally satisfied for both two constructed
schemes. A particular feature is that, for two-dimensional (2D) and a kind of
three-dimensional (3D) Q-tensor flows, the unconditional
maximum-bound-principle (MBP) preservation of the constructed first-order
scheme is successfully established, and the proposed second-order scheme
preserves the discrete MBP property with a mild restriction on the time-step
sizes. Furthermore, we rigorously derive the corresponding error estimates for
the fully-discrete second-order schemes by using the built-in stability
results. Finally, various numerical examples validating the theoretical
results, such as the orientation of liquid crystal in 2D and 3D, are presented
for the constructed schemes
PoPeC: PAoI-Centric Task Offloading with Priority over Unreliable Channels
Freshness-aware computation offloading has garnered great attention recently
in the edge computing arena, with the aim of promptly obtaining up-to-date
information and minimizing the transmission of outdated data. However, most of
the existing work assumes that wireless channels are reliable and neglect the
dynamics and stochasticity thereof. In addition, varying priorities of
offloading tasks along with heterogeneous computing units also pose significant
challenges in effective task scheduling and resource allocation. To address
these challenges, we cast the freshness-aware task offloading problem as a
multi-priority optimization problem, considering the unreliability of wireless
channels, the heterogeneity of edge servers, and prioritized users. Based on
the nonlinear fractional programming and ADMM-Consensus method, we propose a
joint resource allocation and task offloading algorithm to solve the original
problem iteratively. To improve communication efficiency, we further devise a
distributed asynchronous variant for the proposed algorithm. We rigorously
analyze the performance and convergence of the proposed algorithms and conduct
extensive simulations to corroborate their efficacy and superiority over the
existing baselines
GameEval: Evaluating LLMs on Conversational Games
The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have presented
challenges in evaluating those models. Existing evaluation methods are either
reference-based or preference based, which inevitably need human intervention
or introduce test bias caused by evaluator models. In this paper, we propose
GameEval, a novel approach to evaluating LLMs through goal-driven
conversational games, overcoming the limitations of previous methods. GameEval
treats LLMs as game players and assigns them distinct roles with specific goals
achieved by launching conversations of various forms, including discussion,
question answering, and voting. We design three unique games with cooperative
or adversarial objectives, accompanied by corresponding evaluation metrics, to
show how this new paradigm comprehensively evaluates model performance.Through
extensive experiments, we show that GameEval can effectively differentiate the
capabilities of various LLMs, providing a comprehensive assessment of their
integrated abilities to solve complex problems. Our public anonymous code is
available at https://github.com/GameEval/GameEval
A constitutive model for particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites subjected to high strain rates and high temperatures
Quasi-static and dynamic tension tests were conducted to study the mechanical
properties of particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites at strain
rates ranging from 0.0001/s to 1000/s and at temperatures ranging from 20 °C
to 650 °C Based on the experimental results, a constitutive model, which
considers the effects of strain rate and temperature on hot deformation
behavior, was proposed for particulate-reinforced titanium matrix composites
subjected to high strain rates and high temperatures by using Zener-Hollomon
equations including Arrhenius terms. All the material constants used in the
model were identified by fitting Zener-Hollomon equations against the
experimental results. By comparison of theoretical predictions presented by
the model with experimental results, a good agreement was achieved, which
indicates that this constitutive model can give an accurate and precise
estimate for high temperature flow stress for the studied titanium matrix
composites and can be used for numerical simulations of hot deformation
behavior of the composites
Evaluating diabetes and hypertension disease causality using mouse phenotypes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with common diseases. However, it is largely unknown what genes linked with the SNPs actually implicate disease causality. A definitive proof for disease causality can be demonstration of disease-like phenotypes through genetic perturbation of the genes or alleles, which is obviously a daunting task for complex diseases where only mammalian models can be used.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we tapped the rich resource of mouse phenotype data and developed a method to quantify the probability that a gene perturbation causes the phenotypes of a disease. Using type II diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HT) as study cases, we found that the genes, when perturbed, having high probability to cause T2D and HT phenotypes tend to be hubs in the interactome networks and are enriched for signaling pathways regulating metabolism but not metabolic pathways, even though the genes in these metabolic pathways are often the most significantly changed in expression levels in these diseases.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Compared to human genetic disease-based predictions, our mouse phenotype based predictors greatly increased the coverage while keeping a similarly high specificity. The disease phenotype probabilities given by our approach can be used to evaluate the likelihood of disease causality of disease-associated genes and genes surrounding disease-associated SNPs.</p
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Borohydride Oxidation Reactions Using Ag3Sn Nanointermetallic for the Ensemble Effect
2017-2018 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journal201805 bcrcAccepted ManuscriptOthersNational Natural Science Foundation of China; the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in China; the Aeronautic Science Foundation Program of China; the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Western Metal Materials; the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of ChinaPublishe
- âŚ