Influence of Wave-Induced Radiation Stress on Upper-Layer Ocean Temperature during Typhoons

Radiation stress is defined as the excess momentum caused by ocean waves, which exerts an indispensable impact on the upper-layer ocean conditions as waves pass by. Previous research concentrated on sea surface cooling caused by typhoons. In this paper, we investigated the effect of wave-induced radiation stress on upper-layer ocean temperature (including sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed-layer temperature) under typhoon conditions, as well as the effect of radiation stress on the surface current field. The FVCOM-SWAVE model, which is based on the SWAN model, is used to simulate the response of upper-layer ocean temperature to radiation stress. The simulated results, when validated with Jason-3 satellite and ARGO data, could reproduce the observed phenomenon well in general. Compared to simulations without radiation stress, the bias in the SST results is reduced by about 1 °C if the radiation stress term is taken into account. The mixed-layer depth temperature is expected to be simulated more accurately, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 1.63 °C and a correlation coefficient (COR) of about 0.94. Results show that wave-induced radiation stress enhances the surface current and causes certain deviations to the right so that the upper water diverges and upwelling increases, resulting in a decrease in SST. When the influence of double typhoons is considered, the airflow of LEKIMA(L) rotates from the northwest toward KROSA (R), limiting the development of significant wave height (SWH) and reducing the cooling range. As a result, the present study is of tremendous importance in precisely forecasting the ocean state of the western North Pacific (WNP)

Bivariate genomic analysis identifies a hidden locus associated with bacteria hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis thaliana

Multi-phenotype analysis has drawn increasing attention to high-throughput genomic studies, whereas only a few applications have justified the use of multivariate techniques. We applied a recently developed multi-trait analysis method on a small set of bacteria hypersensitive response phenotypes and identified a single novel locus missed by conventional single-trait genome-wide association studies. The detected locus harbors a minor allele that elevates the risk of leaf collapse response to the injection of avrRpm1-modified Pseudomonas syringae (P =1.66e-08). Candidate gene AT3G32930 with in the detected region and its co-expressed genes showed significantly reduced expression after P. syringae interference. Our results again emphasize that multi-trait analysis should not be neglected in association studies, as the power of specific multi-trait genotype-phenotype maps might only be tractable when jointly considering multiple phenotypes

Analysis of factors associated with 6MWD among older patients with chronic heart failure

Objectives To study the factors that influence the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) among older patients with chronic heart failure. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study. A total of 123 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University was selected. The factors associated with the 6MWD were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression. Results The 6MWD of older patients was negatively correlated with age, fall risk, nutritional score, frailty, and depression but was positively correlated with educational level, fall efficacy, self-care ability, and plasma albumin. The results of independent variable multiple linear regression analysis showed that age (β = −0.098), fall risk (β = −0.262), fall efficacy (β = 0.011), self-care ability (β = −0.021), nutrition (β = −0.405), frailty (β = −0.653), and plasma albumin (β = 0.127) influenced the 6MWD. Conclusions The 6MWD of older patients with chronic heart failure was related to age, self-care ability, fall risk, nutrition, frailty, and depression

Preparation and antioxidant properties of germinated soybean protein hydrolysates

In this study, soybeans during different germination stages were described and compared with regard to morphology, water content, protein, amino acids, and isoflavones. The optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of proteins obtained from germinated soybeans were determined using the response surface methodology. Gel filtration chromatography was used to separate germinated soybean protein hydrolysates after ultrafiltration, whereas 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS•+, and FRAP assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity of different fractions. Findings of this study revealed that protein and isoflavone contents were high in soybean at 24 h following germination (the bud was about 0.5–1 cm). The proteins from germinated soybeans were hydrolyzed and separated into five fractions (G1–G5) and evaluated in terms of their molecular weight and antioxidant activity. Interestingly, the antioxidant activity was found to be higher in germinated soybean protein hydrolysates than in other soybean protein hydrolysates derived from soybean meal protein. This suggests that germination can effectively improve the utilization rate of soybean proteins. The antioxidant activity of G3 was best among G1–G5. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that germination for 24 h when the bud length is about 0.5–1 cm can be applied as a special pretreatment of plant seeds in the development of germinated foods. These findings can be used to identify the structure of the potential antioxidative hydrolysates for their possible exploitation in functional foods

COL19A1 is a predictive biomarker for the responsiveness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients to immune checkpoint therapy

Abstract Background The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy has revolutionized the management of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Nevertheless, patients who would maximally benefit from these therapies have not been identified. Methods We collected postoperative specimens from 103 ESCC patients, of which 66 patients comprised a retrospective cohort and 37 comprised a prospective cohort. Patient specimens were subjected to applied multi‐omics analysis to uncover the mechanistic basis for patient responsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment characteristics of these patient specimens was explored and identified by multiplex immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results Results demonstrated high COL19A1 expression to be a novel biomarker for successful immunotherapy (COL19A1high, odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.31 [0.10–0.97], p = 0.044). Compared with COL19A1low patients, COL19A1high patients benefited more from neoadjuvant immunotherapy (p < 0.01), obtained better major pathological remissions (63.3%, p < 0.01), with a trend toward better recurrence‐free survival (p = 0.013), and overall survival (p = 0.056). Moreover, analysis of an immune‐activation subtype of patients demonstrated increased B cell infiltration to be associated with favorable patient survival and a better response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. Conclusions The findings of this study provide insight into the optimal design of individual treatments for ESCC patients

Heparin induces α-synuclein to form new fibril polymorphs with attenuated neuropathology

The Cryo-EM structures reported in this work reveal how heparin incorporates into α-syn fibril formation to determine fibril polymorphs. This highlights the role of biological polymers in the conformational selection and neuropathological regulation of amyloid fibrils

Corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the visual cortex mediate long-term changes in visual function induced by early adversity

Early adversity can cause malfunction of the visual system in adulthood. Adult female but not male mice undergoing early chronic mild stress (ECMS) maintain ocular dominance (OD) plasticity after the critical period. How early stressful experiences have a long-term impact on it is largely unknown. Here, we observed a wide distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-positive neurons, which mainly colocalized with a subpopulation of GABAergic interneurons in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Optogenetic activation of CRF-positive neurons transfected with AAV-ChR2 evoked inhibitory currents in nearby pyramidal cells. ECMS induced a reduction in the expression of CRF mRNA in adult mouse V1. Chemogenetic activation of V1 CRF neurons impaired OD plasticity in adult ECMS females. We further showed that local administration of the corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) antagonist via an osmotic minipump into the visual cortex mimicked OD plasticity in adult ECMS females. Whole-cell recording in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons revealed that the CRFR1 antagonist reduced the short-term depression (STD) of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC) in females but not in males. Likewise, CRF agonists have the opposite effect. In summary, our findings indicate that the local CRF-CRFR1 system within V1 may mediate the long-term and sex-dependent effect of early stress experiences on visual plasticity and provide a target for the prevention of visual deficits in adults with a history of early-life adversity