On the Translation of Culture-loaded Words in English News

This paper analyzes the types of culture-loaded words in English news and explores their translation methods. It is suggested that the translator should take into special consideration the cultural factors in English news and make deft use of different translating methods in different cultural contexts. Keywords: news English; culture-loaded words; translationRésumé: Cet article analyse les types de mots à charge culturelle dans les nouvelles en anglais et étudie leurs méthodes de traduction. Il est suggéré que le traducteur doit prendre particulièrement en considération les facteurs culturels dans les nouvelles en anglais et utiliser de façon habile les différentes méthodes de traduction dans des contextes culturels différents.Mots-clés: nouvelles en anglais; mots à charge culturelle; traductio

Scale dependency of anisotropic thermal conductivity of heterogeneous geomaterials

The precise determination of subsurface thermal properties is critical for ground-source heating systems. The geomaterials are inherently heterogeneous, and their thermal conductivity measured in laboratory and field tests often exhibits anisotropic behaviours. However, the accurate measurement of thermal responses in geomaterials presents a challenging task due to the anisotropy’s variation with the observed scale. Hence, a numerical method is developed in this work and illustrated by taking a typical anisotropic structure of geomaterials with the porosity of 0.5 as an example. The differences in data from laboratory measurements and field tests are discussed to explore the scale effect on anisotropic thermal properties. A series of simulation tests are conducted on specimens with varying dimensions using the finite element method. Results indicate that the thermal properties show a substantial sensitivity to the observation scale, the variation of which decreases with the sample dimensions. By comparing in situ data and laboratory results, the values of average thermal conductivity and corresponding anisotropy ratio are lower than those at small scales, indicating that careful consideration should be given to the thermal properties to account for heterogeneity and anisotropy. In addition, four upscaling schemes based on the averaging method are discussed. This study sheds light on the gap between the laboratory results and the field’s inherent properties and provides guidelines for upscaling small-scale results to field-scale applications

Analysis of the effect of Qizhuyigan on liver function in a mouse model of immunological liver injury

Purpose: To assess the protective effect of Qizhuyigan capsules containing an  herbal mixture on liver function in a mouse model of immunological liver injury and to explore the mechanism of action.Methods: One hundred and twenty mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, test, bifendate, and Qizhuyigan. Immunological liver injury was induced in all groups except the control group. Mice in the control group and the test group were gavaged with 2.5 g/kg tap water, mice in the bifendate group were gavaged with 12 mg/kg bifendate in water, and mice in the Qizhuyigan group were gavaged with 1,000 mg/kg of an aqueous solution containing the contents of a Qizhuyigan capsule. The gavage continued for 10 days. Changes in liver function-related indices, such as the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate  aminotransferase (AST), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were assessed.Results: Compared with the test and bifendate groups, the Qizhuyigan group exhibited lower serum ALT (98.3 U/L ± 8.7 U/L vs. 224.7 U/L ± 18.4 U/L vs. 132.8 U/L ± 9.4 U/L); AST (165.5 U/L ± 12.1 U/L vs. 362.6 U/L ± 16.6 U/L vs. 224.6 U/L ± 12.2 U/L); and MDA levels (12.7 ± 2 μmol/L vs. 31.3 ± 6.60 μmol/L vs. 14.4 ± 2.3 μmol/L); a higher SOD level; and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels. The differences of the above indices had statistical significance (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Qizhuyigan exerted a protective effect in a mouse model of immunological liver injury.Keywords: Qizhuyigan capsule, Immunological liver injury, Biochemical parameter

Effect of phacoemulsification on the corneal endothelium of diabetic patients with cataract

AIM:To evaluate the changes of corneal endothelium after phacoemulsification in diabetic patients with cataract and simple cataract. METHODS: A total of 92 eyes of 78 patients with cataract were diagnosed from October 2016 to June 2017 in People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Two groups were divided into diabetic group and non-diabetic group according to whether there was diabetes or not. The diabetes group had 40 patients(44 eyes)and non-diabetes group had 38 patients(48 eyes). All patients were performed phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation by an experienced ophthalmologist. And then, corneal endothelial density(CED), hexagonal cell percentage(HCR), coefficient of variation(CV)and central corneal thickness(CCT)were detected by non-contact corneal endothelium count instrument before surgery and 1, 4 and 8wk after surgery. Meanwhile, the morphology of corneal endothelium was detected by confocal microscope before surgery and 4 and 8wk after surgery. And the occurrence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in the two groups was observed respectively. RESULTS: Compared with non-diabetes group, the preoperative percentage of hexagonal cell in diabetes group was decreased, the coefficient of variation was increased, the differences were statistically significant(PP>0.05). Compared with non-diabetes group, the postoperative percentage of hexagonal cell in diabetes group at different time points was decreased, coefficient of variation was increased, the differences were statistically significant(PP>0.05). Compared with pre-operation, the percentage of hexagonal cell and corneal endothelial density in diabetes group and non-diabetes group at postoperative 1,4 and 8wk were decreased obviously, coefficient of variation was further increased, there were statistical difference(PPP>0.05); comparison of the morphology of corneal endothelium at pre-operation and the morphology of corneal endothelium at postoperative between two groups, the preoperative heteromorphism of morphology of corneal endothelium in diabetes group was obvious, size of a pleomorphic endothelial cell was different; at postoperative 4wk, the heteromorphism of morphology of corneal endothelium was further obviously and so was size of cell body, we could see the big nucleus; at postoperative 8wk, morphology of corneal endothelium in diabetes group recovered more slowly, we still saw many irregular endothelium and large nucleus. The incidence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in the diabetic group was 14%, and the non-diabetic group was 0.CONCLUSION: Diabetes and phacoemulsification can damage corneal endothelium. Meanwhile, phacoemulsification has a great effect on morphology of corneal endothelium in diabetic group, and recovery of morphology of corneal endothelium is slower. Diabetes may be associated with the occurrence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome

Simulation of Piezoelectric Laminated Smart Structure under Strong Electric Field

Applying strong electric field on piezoelectric actuators, on one hand very significant electroelastic material nonlinear effects will occur, on the other hand piezo plates and shells may undergo large displacements and rotations. In order to give a precise prediction of piezolaminated smart structures under large electric field, this paper develops a finite element (FE) model accounting for both electroelastic material nonlinearity and geometric nonlinearity with large rotations based on the first order shear deformation (FSOD) hypothesis. The proposed FE model is applied to analyze a piezolaminated semicircular shell structure

Marine Ecological Disasters and Their Physical Controlling Mechanisms in Jiangsu Coastal Area

The studies in this chapter are focused on marine ecological disasters in Jiangsu coastal area. Three kinds of algal blooms occurred in this region, namely, red tide associated with Dinoflagellate, green tide associated with Ulvaprolifera and golden tide associated with Sargassum. Numerical model results demonstrated that red tides in Haizhou Bay originated locally, because most of Dinoflagellates near Zhoushan Islands would be transported northeastward by the Changjiang diluted water, and even the lucky ones that entered the south of Jiangsu coastal area would die in the Subei Shoal due to high turbidity there. Due to the Changjiang diluted water and the prevailing southerly wind, Ulvaprolifera could not drift southward, either. Seawater with high turbidity in the Subei Shoal limited sunlight penetration into deep water column, and further inhibited the growth of Ulvaprolifera suspending in the water column. In this chapter, we use drift bottles and satellite-tracked Argos drifters to provide solid direct dynamic evidence that Ulvaprolifera could drift from the Subei Shoal to Qingdao coastal area and even further north. The sand ridges limited the traveling path of Ulvaprolifera in the Subei Shoal, and wind-driven currents and other baroclinic processes helped Ulvaprolifera travel farther to the north