Fallout of the Arab Uprisings for HAMAS as a non-state armed actor in the middle east

Rewolty, które wybuchły w 2011 r. i wstrząsnęły regionalnym status quo, obecnie są w fazie odwrotu z powodu naporu tych samych sił, które próbowały obalić. Wydarzenia na Bliskim Wschodzie z ostatnich trzech lat mają znaczący wpływ na położenie wszystkich państwowych i pozapaństwowych aktorów w regionie. W artykule uwaga została poświęcona zmiennym losom reżimów – tak upadłych, jak i tych wciąż rządzących, znacznie mniej pozapaństwowym aktorom politycznym, takim jak Hamas. Tekst jest próbą uzupełniania tego braku poprzez ukazanie Hamasu przed wybuchem rewolt w krajach arabskich oraz analizę ich wpływu na jego położenie. Dwie rewolty, które w najbardziej bezpośredni i znaczący sposób wpłynęły na sytuację ugrupowania, to powstania w Egipcie i Syrii. Przeobrażający się polityczny układ sił na Bliskim Wschodzie nie tylko wprawił Hamas w ruch, ale też uwydatnił jego wewnętrzne podziały. Organizacja znajduje się obecnie w skomplikowanej sytuacji – pełnej zarówno możliwości, jak i wyzwań – dlatego nawet jej najbliższa przyszłość pozostaje niejasna

Understanding disability: seeking empathy not sympathy.

This audio documentary is about people with disabilities and the challenges they face trying to integrate into the Egyptian society. This audio documentary focuses on the journey of a young woman who had an accident and is now living in a wheelchair. While discrimination against disabled people and the inaccessibility of Egyptian streets represent a hardship that people with physical disability have to cope with, she was able to overcome all the obstacles and challenges she faced trying to integrate into the Egyptian society

A NEW FACET TO US-CHINA RIVALRY: BUILD BACK BETTER WORLD VERSUS BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE

The new world order has been instrumental in determining and promoting multilateralism, and as a result, the world has undergone several transformations in the past few decades. Amidst heightened US-China tension, President Biden unveiled the Build Back Better World (B3W) project during the 2021-G7 meeting. The following year it was re-branded as the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment. While it has not been explicitly stated, B3W aims to counter China's multi-billion Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Understanding B3W vs. BRI debate is important for countries, especially those in the Middle East who already perform a balancing act between the US and China. This paper assesses B3W vs. BRI debate with particular reference to the Middle East. After evaluating the contradictions and complementarities between the two projects, this paper concludes that B3W will only benefit Middle Eastern countries if it aligns with BRI, where strategic objectives and interests make parallel, such as in the avenues of cyber innovation and economic development.   Bibliography Entry Siddiqa, Arhama, and Syed Qandil Abbas. 2022. "A New Facet to US-China Rivalry: Build Back Better World versus Belt and Road Initiative." Margalla Papers 26 (2): 1-13

The Effect of Text Structure and Signaling Devices on Recall of Freshman Arab Students

The problem of this study was to examine the effect of text structure and signaling devices on immediate and delayed recalls of freshman Arabic-speaking students after reading a text. Subjects for the study were forty-five freshman Arabic-speaking students enrolled in three freshman English courses at a state university. All subjects were male students. The subjects-were chosen on a voluntary basis. The subjects were given the Reading Comprehension Section of the TOEFL. They were then divided into groups of good, average, and poor readers according to their performance on the TOEFL. Two well—organized passages of expository text with clearly identifiable top-level structure of problem/solution and appropriate reading levels were selected for the study. Two versions of each passage were adapted — one with the signaling devices included in the passage and the other with the signaling devices deleted. Each subject read one version of each of the two passages. The immediate and delayed recalls of the subjects were scored by an unbiased scorer. The scorer was an expert teacher of English to foreign students. Hypothesis I stated that good readers would be able to utilize the writer's rhetorical mode of the text at a significantly higher level than average and poor readers. This hypothesis was supported. The results of Chi square analysis was significant at the .03 level for immediate recall, and at the .01 level for the delayed recall. Hypothesis II stated that readers of each of the three groups who followed the original rhetorical mode of the text would recall significantly more information than those who failed to do so. This hypothesis was also supported. The results of the Two-way Analysis of Variance were significant at the .01 level for both immediate and delayed recalls. Hypothesis III stated that the students of all three groups would recall significantly more information from the passage with signaling devices than from the passage without signaling devices. This hypothesis was not supported. Signaling devices helped good and average readers to recall significantly more information, while the group of poor readers was not affected by the presence of these signaling devices. The findings suggest that training non-native speakers in identifying and utilizing different rhetorical structures might facilitate their reading comprehension. There is also a parallel need in writing instruction so that writers can . offer this facility to their readers

REVIEW ABOUT RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS: PREPARATION, RADIOACTIVITY, AND APPLICATIONS

In the recent few decades, there was a growth in the field of radioactive medicinal agents called radiopharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals are consisting of radioactive materials called radioisotopes. Radiopharmaceuticals were recently used in both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. More than 100 radioactive substances are used in nuclear medicine. According to the decay of radioactive substances, there are three types of radioactive decays, alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma radiations. Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons with large mass and charge so it has no penetration power into the skin and has a destructive effect. Beta particles have less charge and less mass so, they can penetrate the tissue and have a less destructive effect than alpha particles and can be used in therapy. Gamma radiations have no mass or charge so they can penetrate the deep tissue of organs so used in diagnosis by imaging using a gamma camera. The radiopharmaceuticals were established in the diagnostic purpose and treatment of several diseases as thyroid gland cancer, hyperthyroidism, bone pain metastasis, kidney dysfunction, and myocardial and cerebral perfusion. The radioactive substance can also be used in the sterilization of thermo-labile substances as syringes, catheters, vitamins, hormones, and surgical dressing. The field of nuclear medicine has several advantages as localization of tumors, safe diagnosis, no accumulation of radiation, and high therapeutic efficacy. Nowadays, the branch of nuclear pharmacy is directed to introduce new radioactive pharmaceutical agents which will be important and effective in the treatment of cancer. The growth in the field of radiopharmaceuticals is important to help millions of patients suffering from tumors all over the world. The data of this review were collected by searching in Google Scholar and PubMed using the following keywords

State Control Policies and the Path Towards Ethnic Cleansing: The Case of the Palestinian Arab Bedouin in Israel

The notion of nation is quite recent. It is intertwined with that of equal citizenship and nationality, the aim of the state is to uniform those who are going to become its citizens, under a homogenous state design. But it is this process of state uniformity that is flawed: state’s mechanisms of categorization result from a process of inclusion and exclusion—majority and minority—that cannot help but create marginalization. For this reason, gypsies, vagrants, nomads and pastoralists (Berbers and Bedouins) become national minorities to be controlled under the majoritarian power of the state. Because “all majoritarianisms have in them the seeds of genocide” (Appadurai 2006: 57), states tend to pursue a policy of ethnic cleansing in order to eliminate the dirty spots from their national purity. On the basis of this consideration, the case of the Palestinian Arab Bedouin is an example of how the state can control, suffocate and cleanse its own national minorities and ethnic groups

4-Carbethoxy-1-[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoyl]thiosemicarbazide

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C13H18N4O3S, (systematic name: ethyl N-{2-[4-(dimethyl­amino)benzo­yl]hydrazinethio­carbon­yl}carbamate) is stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O=C hydrogen bonding arranged in an S(6) graph-set motif. In the crystal, inversion dimers connected via inter­molecular N—H⋯S=C hydrogen bonds [R 2 2(8) graph-set motif] form sheets parallel to the (21) plane. Dimers are also formed by the mol­ecules via weak inter­molecular N—H⋯S=C hydrogen bonds [R 2 2(10) graph-set motif] connecting the sheets

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the lungs

Authors present a case of EH as an accidental finding in 40 year old woman appeared as the presented small, solid nodules in both lungs on a routine chest radiograph and HRCT scans. There were no signs in clinical examination, no abnormalities were presented in the spirometric and respiratory tests, neither in the endoscopic digestive tract examinations nor in CT scans of abdomen. The histological examination of open lung biopsy revealed the morphology of epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. During one year follow up no clinical nor radiological progressions have been observed