The Effects of Magnetic Fields on Some Biological Activities of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Background:  A magnetic field is the area of influence exerted by a magnetic force. This field is normally focused along two poles. Most magnetic objects are composed of many small fields called domains. A wide variety of methods have been reported in the literatures which are directed to the use of magnetic energy as a diagnostic technique and also for the treatment of diseases in humans and animals.                                                                              Aims: To investigate the effects of different levels of static magnetic field on the ultra-structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium as well as their colony morphological changes. Materials and Method: Locally prepared dipolar static magnetic field of strength 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gauss were used in this study measured by Teslameter. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from ten urinary tract infected patients. The samples collected from Rizgary hospital in Erbil during period from January to June 2013, then identified by using API (Analytical Profile Index) 20 E test systems in Hawler Medical Research Center. Equal volumes of broth nutrient culture media of bacteria were exposed to the magnetic field for 24 hour. Furthermore, the bacterial growth subculture tested for morphological and biological activity after API 20 E test of treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture media compared with untreated negative control samples. Results: Results indicated that exposure of the microorganisms to demonstrated magnetic field caused pronounced changes in biological activity of enzymes TDA( Tryptophane deaminase), GLU( Glucose fermentation/oxidation), ARA(Arabinose fermentation/oxidation) were observed on the cell growth.  On the other hand, changes in morphology of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies were observed on MacConkey agar and became smaller in size with elastic phenomena.  Conclusions: We concluded that the magnetic field could change bacterial biological activity on sugar fermentation and colony morphology of   bacterial due to mutation.

Hydrogen production via catalyst of green laser, molybdenum and ethanol

Electrolysis is an electrochemical process which is known as a green technology. Laser irradiation and the presence of catalyst in water electrolysis are identified as ways of improving the efficiency and increment of hydrogen production. The enhancement of hydrogen production through water electrolysis is obtained by adding molybdenum to increase the current in electrochemical cell and ethanol as an agent in photochemical reaction. In addition, diode pumped solid-state laser green laser at 532 nm is employed with the purpose to compensate the residual electrical field effect. The combination of the three catalysts is found more powerful to cause water splitting, thus produced 5 times greater H2 production in comparison to the action of individual catalyst

Effect of Magnetic Water on Immune Response in Rabbit against Pathogenic Bacteria

This study investigates the effect of drinking magnetically treated water (MTW) on animal's immune response against bacterial infection to see whether MTW improve the health and the immune response of the body, as MTW producers claimed. 32 female rabbits were housed for 58 days and divided into two groups (treated group and control group) where treated group drank magnetized water with 3500 Guse while control group drank tap water. In the twenty three day, they injected with Salmonella typhi somatic antigen (O-Ag) according to immunization schedule for bacteria. Coulter counter was used for measurement of innate immunity (White blood cell, lymphocyte, monocyte and granulocyte) and Architect system was used for detection of adaptive immune system (immunoglobulin M-IgM titer). No significant difference among treated group and control group was observed in innate immunity before and after vaccination with Sallmonella typhi (O-Ag). However, hemoglobin concentrations show significant decrease (p=0.027) in treated animals after vaccination with salmonella typhi O-Ag. Additionally no immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected after 7 days from the immunization schedule, while IgM was detected and shows a significant elevation (p=0.030) in control group compared with treated group. For this reason magnetically treated water not only has no effect on hematological parameter but also has adverse effect on immune response to bacterial infection in rabbit

Control Rate of Diabetic and Hypertensive Adult Patients in Association with Demographic and Healthy Behaviour Factors in Garmian- Kurdistan Region

Hypertension   and   diabetes   mellitus   (DM)   are the      two       major      inter-correlated      risk       factors      of cardiovascular   diseases,    which    considered    as    the    major causes  of  morbidity  and  mortality.  This  study  is  set  up  to determine   control   rate,   and   the   social   demographic   and health   related   behaviours   risk   factors   in   association   with control   rate   in   hypertensive   and/or   diabetes   patients   who are  under  treatment.  Cross  sectional  study  was  carried  out in  this  study.  Data  have  been  collected  by  well-trained paramedics through direct interviews using structured questionnaire     with     the     participants.     A     conventional sampling  which  is  one  of  the  main  types  of  non-probability method  was  used  for  collecting  data.  SPSS  version  16  was used   for   analysing   data.   338   patients   were   recruited   into the   study,   150(44.1%)   of   participants   with   hypertension,88(25.9%) with diabetes and the rest 100(29.4%) with both diseases.   Patients   who   diagnosed   with   hypertension   weremore  under  control  83  (55.3%)  in  comparison  with  diabetic23(26.1%)   and   patients   who   were   diagnosed   both conditions 18(18.0%). High control rate was observed in hypertension  patients  compared  to  diabetes  and  those diagnosed   both   conditions.   Cor   morbidity   was   the   main cause of uncontrolled rate

Patient’s Satisfaction with Health Care Services in Erbil City/Iraq

Background and objective: Patient satisfaction is one of the most important factors to determine the success of a health care facility. It is a relative phenomenon, which evaluates the patients’ perceived needs, their expectations from a health system, and the experience of health care. Patient satisfaction is the main goal today for most health care organizations, from hospitals to physician practices and other health care agencies. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with the health care services provided by public and private hospitals in Erbil City. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability purposive sample of 450 patients (225 from public and 225 from private hospitals) who were seeking health care in hospitals in Erbil City. The data were collected between the 7th of January and 15th of November 2016 by direct interviews and filling of the standardized questionnaires (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18). Results and Discussion: Most of the patients in public hospitals expressed a neutral level of satisfaction with received health services (80.9%) while 10.7% were dissatisfied and only 8.4% were satisfied with the provided health care. On the contrary, most of the patients in private hospitals (80%) were satisfied with their care, with only 20% expressing a neutral level of satisfaction with private health care services. These findings show that there is a very high statistical difference between patient satisfaction in the governmental and private hospitals in Erbil City (Mean ± Standard Deviation 45.35 ± 3.520), (56.42 ± 5.696) (p-value= <0.001). Conclusion: Most of the patients were satisfied with private health care services but not with public hospitals health services in selected hospitals in Erbil City in Iraq

Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pancreatic Islets During Trauma and Parenteral Feeding

The influence of trauma (acute pancreatitis) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on pancreatic islet hormone secretion in relation to islet expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was investigated. Acute pancreatitis resulted in an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) which was found to be parallelled by a marked expression of iNOS and an exaggerated NO production in the pancreatic islets. A characteristic feature of long term TPN-treatment is hyperlipidemia and euglycaemia, since the major component of TPN solution is intralipid (IL). TPN treatment impairs GSIS at least in part through a reduced cyclic AMP production in parallel with an exclusive expression of iNOS, which was reflected in an increased NO production accompanied by enhanced cyclic GMP formation by islets. Agents stimulating cyclic AMP/Protein kinase A (PKA) i.e. PACAP27 and PACAP38 were capable of not only inhibiting neuronal constitutive NOS (ncNOS) but also counteracting the expression of iNOS induced by intralipid infusion. The suppressed NO production in the presence of PACAPs was reflected in a suppressed cyclic GMP and a marked increase in cyclic AMP production by pancreatic islets. A short-term study revealed that a "hyperglycaemic or hyperlipidemic period" as short as 24 hours stimulated the expression and activity of iNOS in the islets. Finally the effect of ghrelin (gastric hormone) on islet hormone secretion and NOS isoenzymes activities was also studied. The inhibitory action of ghrelin on GSIS and the stimulatory effect on the glucagon secretion was accompanied by an increased ncNOS activity. However, such effects of ghrelin were only observed at slightly higher and supra-physiological concentrations (in vitro study). Furthermore, TPN-animals displayed extreme low plasma and tissue levels of ghrelin. Thus, ghrelin does not seem to have any significant role in the reduced GSIS and iNOS expression seen during TPN-treatment. Taken together the data suggest that, besides trauma, hyperglycaemia and hyprelipidemia are able to induce pathophysiological changes in pancreatic islets (iNOS expressing and reduced GSIS) implicating that the nutritional state should be regarded as an important factor for the normal function of islets

Fusion scheme of segmentation and classification for breast cancer static ultrasound images

Breast Cancer (BC) is defined as cancer that forms in the ducts of the breast (tubes that convey milk to the nipple) and lobules of the breast tissue. This study aims to develop a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) approach that provides a multidisciplinary skill for breast ultrasound images that could aid specialists in improving accuracy in disease identification, thus reducing the rate of false-positive and falsenegative results. To achieve this goal and build a fully automatic solution, the main limitations faced with the breast ultrasound image will be highlighted. First, ultrasound images suffer from speckle noise and artefacts. Second, the similarity between the textures inside the Region of Interest (ROI) and the background region, and that will end up with overlapping between the ROI and the backgrounds. Third, the similarity between the texture of the benign images and the malignant images, and this challenge will reduce the accuracy of the diagnosis by decreasing the sensitivity and the specificity of the proposed solution. Fourth, the borders of the ROI are not clear. Finally, applying a traditional segmentation method, i.e., the threshold method, will end up with a number of false-positive cases and false-negative cases, and both will affect the result of the automatic solution. In the segmentation stage, we have proposed a trainable schema based on multi-texture features to avoid problems related to the similarity between the texture of the ROI and the background. It also used to avoid the noise and the artifact by training the schema on good samples including regions with noise and artifacts. The trainable schema has solved the poor border problems by training the schema on blocks with poor borders. Forth, feature extraction stage (for the segmentation stage), an existing schema, a single feature that is Local Binary Pattern (LBP), was employed to describe the cancer region. This study has developed a hybrid model based on a multi descriptor (texture feature) to enable the effective extraction of the ROI. Furthermore, this thesis focuses on proposing a new describer that can help to identify the breast abnormality by enhancing the LBP texture features and the LBP descriptor using a new threshold that can help to identify the important information required for the identification of abnormal cases. Eventually, multi-level fusion for automatic classification of static ultrasound images of breast cancer is a method that makes it possible to diagnose breast diseases quickly and accurately compared to a manual approach. This study has used median and Wiener filters to reduce the speckle noise to enhance the ultra sound image texture. This process has helped to extract a powerful feature that can help to reduce the overlapping between the benign and malignant class. This process, followed by the fusion process, has helped to produce a significant decision based on different features produced from different filtered images. The experimental results show the proposed method can apply LBP based texture feature for categorizing ultrasound images, which registered a higher accuracy of 98.8%, the sensitivity of 98.01%, and specificity of 99.3%

Proghrelin-derived peptides influence the secretion of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin: A study on isolated islets from mouse and rat pancreas.

Proghrelin, the precursor of the orexigenic and adipogenic peptide hormone ghrelin, is synthetized in endocrine (A-like) cells in the gastric mucosa. During its cellular processing, proghrelin gives rise to the 28-amino acid peptide desacyl ghrelin, which after octanoylation becomes active acyl ghrelin, and to the 23-amino acid peptide obestatin, claimed to be a physiological opponent of acyl ghrelin. This study examines the effects of the proghrelin products, alone and in combinations, on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and somatostatin from isolated islets of mice and rats. Surprisingly, acyl ghrelin and obestatin had almost identical effects in that they stimulated the secretion of glucagon and inhibited that of PP and somatostatin from both mouse and rat islets. Obestatin inhibited insulin secretion more effectively than acyl ghrelin. In mouse islets, acyl ghrelin inhibited insulin secretion at low doses and stimulated at high. In rat islets, acyl ghrelin inhibited insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner but the IC50 for the acyl ghrelin-induced inhibition of insulin release was 7.5 × 10− 8 M, while the EC50 and IC50 values, with respect to stimulation of glucagon release and to inhibition of PP and somatostatin release, were in the 3 × 10− 12–15 × 10− 12 M range. The corresponding EC50 and IC50 values for obestatin ranged from 5 × 10− 12 to 20 × 10− 12 M. Desacyl ghrelin per se did not affect islet hormone secretion. However, at a ten times higher concentration than acyl ghrelin (corresponding to the ratio of the two peptides in circulation), desacyl ghrelin abolished the effects of acyl ghrelin but not those of obestatin. Acyl ghrelin and obestatin affected the secretion of glucagon, PP and somatostatin at physiologically relevant concentrations; with obestatin this was the case also for insulin secretion. The combination of obestatin, acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin in concentrations and proportions similar to those found in plasma resulted in effects that were indistinguishable from those induced by obestatin alone. From the data it seems that the effects of endogenous, circulating acyl ghrelin may be overshadowed by obestatin or blunted by desacyl ghrelin