Working Paper No. 84, Designing the Future: The Influence of Lloyd J. Reynolds on American Product Innovation

This research inquiry shall explore how critical advances in American design products and consumerism can be traced back to the late Lloyd J. Reynolds and the silent yet powerful influence he has had on a generation of students, such as the innovative pioneer, Steve Jobs. Lloyd J. Reynolds was a renowned calligrapher and teacher at Reed College. The inquiry is structured chronologically, leading to Apple\u27s 2022 valuation of about two trillion dollars. Four significant areas shall be examined to trace this trajectory. Firstly, the paper examines the effects of calligraphy/typography on Lloyd J. Reynolds. Secondly, it delves into Steve Jobs’ inspirational time at Reed College, his travels to India, and how Zen Buddhism sparked his interest and later shaped his work at Apple. Thirdly, the paper covers the development of typography into the digital realm and how it changed the technology sector, specifically Apple. Lastly, the research paper highlights the importance of user experience design and innovation and their implications on consumerism and economics. Apple\u27s ascent to its leading position in the technology industry is analyzed in this area. The study shall use a qualitative research approach. Data shall be examined on previous interviews with experts in the design field, and analysis of primary and secondary sources, including Reynolds\u27 writings, interviews with him, and historical accounts of his teachings and inspiration

Working Paper No. 74, Some Influential Effects of the Typewriter on the American Economy

This inquiry seeks to establish that the introduction of the typewriter generated effects upon the American economy by promoting productivity increases, enhancing communications, and improving management. In addition, this inquiry seeks to illustrate how the typewriter affected American businesses by providing efficiency in time management and documents’ production. Furthermore, this inquiry shall showcase how the typewriter affected women’s work in the American economy, especially with respect to inclusivity within the workplace as well as the enhancement of communications. Additionally, this inquiry shall analyze how the development of the QWERTY keyboard and its related “lock-in” generated effects on the American economy

Translating Contextualized Arabic Euphemisms into English: Socio-Cultural Perspective

This study examines the role context plays in determining the translation strategies pursued by translators of Arabic euphemisms into English. Due to different cultural backgrounds, adherence to the employment of euphemism in a social context may differ in both Arabic and English. While some situations call for the use of euphemism in one culture, the other culture finds no point in using such euphemisms for such situations; preserving the original Arabic euphemisms when rendered into English in this case could lead to misunderstanding and may deprive the Source Language (SL) from a cultural trait. The study derives evidence from 11 Arabic euphemistic expressions taken from five literary masterpieces written by the Egyptian novelist and Noble Prize winner Najib Mahfouz, and it looks into the English translation of these euphemisms. The present study attempts to advance the proposition that Arabic euphemisms in their context  exhibit fluctuating, unstable meaning, which emanates from various contextual factors such as speakers, addressees, shared knowledge and background information, and hence these factors combined dictate on translators the chosen translation strategy. 

Using linked data for integrating educational medical web databases based on bioMedical ontologies

Open data are playing a vital role in different communities, including governments, businesses, and education. This revolution has had a high impact on the education field. Recently, Linked Data are being adopted for publishing and connecting data on the web by exposing and connecting data which were not previously linked. In the context of education, applying Linked Data to the growing amount of open data used for learning is potentially highly beneficial. This paper proposes a system that tackles the challenges of data acquisition and integration from distributed web data sources into one linked dataset. The application domain of this work is medical education, and the focus is on integrating educational content in the form of articles published in online educational libraries and Web 2.0 content that can be used for education. The process of integrating a collection of heterogeneous resources is to create links that connect the resources collected from distributed web data sources based on their semantics. The proposed system harvests metadata from distributed web sources and enriches it with concepts from biomedical ontologies, such as SNOMED CT, that enable its linking. The final result of building this system is a linked dataset of more than 10,000 resources collected from PubMed Library, YouTube channels, and Blogging platforms. The final linked dataset is evaluated by developing information retrieval methods that exploit the SNOMED CT hierarchical relations for accessing and querying the dataset. Ontology-based browsing method has been developed for exploring the dataset, and the browsing results have been clustered to evaluate its linkages. Furthermore, ontology-based query searching method has been developed and tested to enhance the discoverability of the data. The results were promising and had shown that using SNOMED CT for integrating distributed resources on the web is beneficial

Designing the Future: The Influence of Lloyd J. Reynolds on American Product Innovation

This research inquiry will explore how critical advances in American design products and consumerism can be traced back to the late Lloyd J. Reynolds and the silent yet powerful influence he has had on a generation of students, such as the innovative pioneer, Steve Jobs. Lloyd J. Reynolds was a renowned calligrapher and teacher at Reed College. The inquiry is structured chronologically, leading to Apple\u27s 2022 valuation of about two trillion dollars. Four significant areas will be examined to trace this trajectory. Firstly, the paper examines the effects of calligraphy/typography on Lloyd J. Reynolds. Secondly, it delves into Steve Jobs’ inspirational time at Reed College, his travels to India, and how Zen Buddhism sparked his interest and later shaped his work at Apple. Thirdly, the paper covers the development of typography into the digital realm and how it changed the technology sector, specifically Apple. Lastly, the research paper highlights the importance of user experience design and innovation and their implications on consumerism and economics. Apple\u27s ascent to its leading position in the technology industry is analyzed in this area. The study will use a qualitative research approach. Data will be examined on previous interviews with experts in the design field, and analysis of primary and secondary sources, including Reynolds\u27 writings, interviews with him, and historical accounts of his teachings and inspiration. The findings of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the historical roots of American design products, consumerism, and user experience, as well as provide insight into the role of significant educators and mentors in shaping digital creative industries

Degree of Applying Quality Standards in the Program of Preparing Special Education Teachers at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from the Female Students’ Perspective:A comparative Study between 2014 and 2017

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى معرفة درجة توفر معايير الجودة في برنامج إعداد معلم التربية الخاصة بجامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الرحمن في المملكة العربية السعودية من وجهة نظر الطالبات في العام 2017م، ومقارنتها بالعام 2014م. وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (108) طالبة من طالبات المستوى الثامن في برنامج التربية الخاصة بكلية التربية في العام 2017م، ومقارنتها بعينة مكونة من (63) طالبة طبقت عليهن أداة الدراسة في العام 2014م. ولجمع البيانات استخدمت استبانة مكونة من (59) فقرة موزعة على ستة مجالات، هي: أهداف البرنامج, والمنهاج, وطرق التدريس, والتقويم, والمرافق والتجهيزات, والتدريب الميداني. وأظهرت نتائج الاختبارات الإحصائية أن درجة توفر معايير الجودة في برنامج إعداد معلم التربية الخاصة في جامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الرحمن في العام 2017م ككل جاءت بدرجة تقدير مرتفعة، ولم تظهر فروقاً فيها وفقاً لمتغير المعدل التراكمي، كما كشفت النتائج عن وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجة توفر معايير الجودة في برنامج إعداد معلم التربية الخاصة في جامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الرحمن بين العامين 2017 و2014 لصالح العام 2017. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة التأكيد على ضرورة تطبيق محاور معايير الجودة الشاملة بالكفاءة المطلوبة لتحقيق الفاعلية المستهدفة، ووصولاً إلى الأهداف المحددة بالخطة الاستراتيجية للقسم والكلية والجامعة، وتحقيقاً للاعتماد الأكاديمي الوطني. وضرورة مواصلة الاهتمام باستيفاء الممارسات في معايير ضمان الجودة وصولاً للعالمية. الكلمات المفتاحية: معايير الجودة، برنامج إعداد معلمة التربية الخاصة، جامعة الأميرة نورة بنت عبد الرحمن، الطالبات في البرنامج، دراسة مقارنة.This study aimed to find out the degree of applying the quality standards within the program of preparing special education teachers at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the year 2017 compared to 2014. The study sample consisted of (108) students from eighth level, at the Faculty of Education – special education program in 2017. This sample was compared with a sample of (63) students with whom the research tool was used in 2014. To collect the data, a questionnaire consisting of (59) items was developed and classified into six themes: program objectives, curriculum, and methods of teaching, evaluation, facilities, equipment, and field training. The statistical analysis showed that the degree of applying quality standards in the program of preparing teachers of special education at the University of Princess Noura bint Abdurrahman in 2017 was generally rated as high. There were no statistical differences according to the variable of cumulative average. Also, the results revealed statistically significant differences in the degree of applying quality standards in the program of preparing teachers of special education at the University of Princess Noura Bint Abdurrahman in the period 2014-2017 in favor of 2017. It was recommended that total quality standards should be applied so as to achieve the target efficiency which aims to reach the specific objectives in the strategic plan of the university, faculty and department, and to ultimately achieve the national academic accreditation. It was also recommended to keep practicing standards of quality in order to achieve global standards. Keywords: Quality standards, Special education, Teacher education program, Princess Noura Bint Abdurrahman University, Female students, Comparative study

Punching Shear Strength Prediction for Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs without Shear Reinforcement

Failure of flat slabs usually occurs by punching shear mode. Current structural codes provide an experience-based design provision for punching shear strength which is often associated with high bias and variance. This paper investigates the effect of adding a horizontal reinforcement mesh at the top of the slab-column connection zone on punching the shear strength of flat slabs. A new equation considering the effect of adding this mesh was proposed to determine the punching shear strength. The proposed equation is based on the Critical Shear Crack Theory combined with the analysis of results extracted from previous experimental and theoretical studies. Moreover, the equation of load-rotation curves for different steel ratios together with the failure criterion curves were evaluated to get the design points. The investigated parameters were the slab thicknesses and dimensions, concrete strengths, size of the supporting column, and steel ratios. The model was validated using a new set of specimens and the results were also compared with the predictions of different international design codes (ACI318, BS8110, AS3600, and Eurocode 2). Statistical analysis provides that the proposed equation can predict the punching shear strength with a level of high accuracy (Mean Square Error =2.5%, Standard Deviation =0.104, Mean=1.0) and over a wide range of reinforcement ratios and compressive strengths of concrete. Most of the predictions were conservative with an underestimation rate of 12%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-013 Full Text: PD

Taming web data : exploiting linked data for integrating medical educational content

Open data are playing a vital role in different communities, including governments, businesses, and education. This revolution has had a high impact on the education field. Recently, new practices are being adopted for publishing and connecting data on the web, known as "Linked Data", and these are used to expose and connect data which were not previously linked. In the context of education, applying Linked Data practices to the growing amount of open data used for learning is potentially highly beneficial. The work presented in this thesis tackles the challenges of data acquisition and integration from distributed web data sources into one linked dataset. The application domain of this thesis is medical education, and the focus is on bridging the gap between articles published in online educational libraries and content published on Web 2.0 platforms that can be used for education. The integration of a collection of heterogeneous resources is to create links between data collected from distributed web data sources. To address these challenges, a system is proposed that exploits the Linked Data for building a metadata schema in XML/RDF format for describing resources and enriching it with external dataset that adds semantic to its metadata. The proposed system collects resources from distributed data sources on the web and enriches their metadata with concepts from biomedical ontologies, such as SNOMED CT, that enable its linking. The final result of building this system is a linked dataset of more than 10,000 resources collected from PubMed Library, YouTube channels, and Blogging platforms. The effectiveness of the system proposed is evaluated by validating the content of the linked dataset when accessed and retrieved. Ontology-based techniques have been developed for browsing and querying the linked dataset resulting from the system proposed. Experiments have been conducted to simulate users' access to the linked dataset and validate its content. The results were promising and have shown the effectiveness of using SNOMED CT for integrating distributed resources from diverse web data sources

Long-Term Weight Loss Success and the Health Behaviors of Adults in the United States:Findings from a Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study

Objective To describe the relationship between long-term weight loss (LTWL) success and lifestyle behaviours among US adults.Design Serial cross-sectional data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007–2014.Setting and participants Population-based nationally representative sample. The analytic sample included 3040 adults aged 20–64 years who tried to lose weight in the past year.Measures Participants were grouped into five LTWL categories (<5%, 5%–9.9%, 10%–14.9%, 15%–19.9% and ≥20%). Lifestyle-related behaviours included the following: alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, fast-food consumption, dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index (HEI)) and caloric intake. Multivariable regression was employed adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, household income and size, current body mass index and self-reported health status.Results Individuals in the 15%–19.9% LTWL group differed significantly from the reference group (<5% LTWL) in their physical activity and dietary quality (HEI) but not caloric intake. Specifically, they had a higher HEI score (β=3.19; 95% CI 0.39 to 5.99) and were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (OR=1.99; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.55). In comparison, the ≥20% LTWL group was significantly more likely to smoke (OR=1.63; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.57) and to consume lower daily calories (β=−202.91; 95% CI –345.57 to –60.25) than the reference group; however, dietary quality and physical activity did not significantly differ.Conclusion Among a national sample of adults, a higher level of LTWL success does not necessarily equate to healthy weight loss behaviours. Future research should attempt to design interventions aimed at facilitating weight loss success while encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours

A Common Framework for Integrated and Continuous Biomanufacturing

There is a growing application of integrated and continuous bioprocessing (ICB) for manufacturing recombinant protein therapeutics produced from mammalian cells. At first glance, the newly evolved ICB has created a vast diversity of platforms. A closer inspection reveals convergent evolution: nearly all of the major ICB methods have a common framework that could allow manufacturing across a global ecosystem of manufacturers using simple, yet effective, equipment designs. The framework is capable of supporting the manufacturing of most major biopharmaceutical ICB and legacy processes without major changes in the regulatory license. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved