Recent development of magnetic sensor

With recent advancement of sensors development, many efforts have been made in improving technologies that can turn every measurable value in the environment into something meaningful at least that is the idea of transducers – a collection of devices that can convert physical quantities into electrical value. For instance, temperature sensor converts degree of hotness (temperature) into voltages, which in turn can be hooked on an electrical signal processing circuit to produce a thermo-controller. Various other types of transducer are available nowadays that can detect many elements, for examples ultrasonic sensor for distance, pressure sensors, proximity, infrared sensors and many others..

A functional link neural network with modified cuckoo search for prediction tasks

The impact of temperature, relative humidity and ozone changes bring a sharp warming climate. These changes can cause extreme consequences such as floods, hurricanes, heat waves and droughts. Therefore, prediction of temperature and relative humidity is an important factor to measure the environmental changes. Neural network, especially the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) which uses Back Propagation algorithm (BP) as a supervised learning method, has been successfully applied in various problems for meteorological prediction tasks. However, this architecture has still been facing problems which the convergence rate is very low due to the multi layering topology of the network. Thus, this research proposed an implementation of Functional Link Neural Network (FLNN) which composed of a single layer of tunable weight trained with the Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm (MCS). The proposed approach was used to predict the daily temperatures, relative humidity and ozone data. Extensive simulation results have been compared with standard MLP trained with the BP, FLNN with BP and FLNN with CS. Promising results have shown that the proposed model has successfully out performed 14% percentage compared to other network models with reduced prediction error and fast convergence rate

Pocket-hydro turbine into capsule hydro turbine

The capsule hydro turbine (CaHT) is a continuous power machine in which a wheel or rotor typically filted whereas produce electricity. It is designed like a capsule shape which has two twin turbines on both output to generate energy as an alternative power supply. The devide is capable of producing output of 12v to power up electrical applicances. The device consist of dynamos, turbines, charging circuit, battery, inverter, and wire cables. The result of the capsule hydro turbine (CaHT) field is presented in three types of graphs as in this paper. The optimum voltage of battery was 6.97v. By using these terms, the research project has successfully improvised the pocket hydro turbine (PHT) into capsule hydro turbine (CaHT

A low cost and high speed electrical capacitance tomography system design

Electrical capacitance tomography system is a system which can be used for imaging industrial multi-component processes involving non-conducting fluids in pipelines. In order to make an ECT system applicable in all kinds of industries, the cost factor of building an ECT system is essential. In this research, we focus on reducing the cost of the system while not affecting the quality of the results. In the past, most of the researches in tomography system have concentrated more on the design of the sensor, and use DAS card as the interface to the PC. This will increase the cost of the system. In this case, the cost of the data acquisition system will be needed to be taken into consideration. To develop a low cost and fast data acquisition system, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) is found to be the most ideal technology. In order to further reduce the cost of the ECT system, a very low cost material, aluminium plates are used as the electrodes of the system. The information obtained in the PC will be reconstructed using iterative algorithm in order to obtain a precise image of the flow in the pipeline. The information obtained from the system will be useful for the purpose of controlling the flow in the pipeline

The experimental study and numerical simulation of falling liquid film flow on horizontal tubes

This research is motivated by two observations: No report has been found so far in studies of water falling film up to 100 mm intertube spacing. No simulation analysis of film thickness under influence of intertube spacing in 3 dimensional models. Therefore, to the best of author’s knowledge, this research aims to illuminate the effects of intertube spacing between horizontal tubes on water falling film. An experimental investigation of water falling film temperature was conducted to explore the characteristics of heat transfer coefficients. In this study, the intertube spacing from smallest size of 8 mm and up to 100 mm were analyzed for Reynolds number range of 300 to 3300. The experimental data was extracted from calibrated test rig and the effect is investigated using numerical study. On the other hand, the effect of film thickness is numerically investigated for intertube spacing range of 10 mm to 40 mm. The numerical simulation was presented using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique where it is capable in determining temperatures and thickness of water falling film under influence of ambient factors. The experimental results reveal that intertube spacing of 133 mm produced the maximum heat transfer coefficient of 6 kW/m² K with percentage of error below 7%. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the 40 mm intertube spacing presented the minimal average film thickness of 0.3 mm within ± 50% errors. Implications of the results and future research directions are also presented

New sensor design for capacitance tomography

Any two adjacent conductors can be considering as a capacitor, and different dielectric properties between the conductors will create different capacitor value. An ECT system is able to obtain information about the contents of vessels, based on measuring variations in the dielectric properties of the flowing material inside the vessel. ECT can be used with vessels of any cross-section, but most work to-date has used circular geometries (Malcolm Byars, 2001)

Last mile mobile hybrid optical wireless access network routing enhancement

This study focuses on mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that support Internet routing protocol imposing stringent resource consumption constraints of Quality of service (QoS). The mobile Internet causes the on-going issue of inefficient use of the MANET resources due to its random nature of wireless environments. In this paper, the new improved architecture of the last mile mobile hybrid optical-wireless access network (adLMMHOWAN) is proposed and designed to tackle the arised issues. The proposed design is based on a unified wireless-wired network solution required the deployment of MANET-based wireless fidelity (WiFi) technology at the wireless front-end and wavelengths division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM PON) at the optical backhaul. The critical performance metrics such as network capacity and energy consumption based on modified AODVUU routing protocol using OMNeT++ software is analyzed with 2 scenarios, namely the number of nodes and mobility speed. This mode of communication results in better QoS network capacity of 47.07% improvement, with 26.85% reduction of lower energy resource consumption for mobile wireless front-end over passive optical network backhaul architecture when compared with the existing work of oRiq scheme that focus on improvement in MANETs

Hardware developments of an ultrasonic tomography measurement system

This research provides new technique in ultrasonic tomography by using ultrasonic transceivers instead of using separate transmitter-receiver pair. The numbers of sensors or transducers used to acquire data plays an important role to generate high resolution tomography images. The configuration of these sensors is a crucial factor in the efficiency of data acquisition. Instead of using common separated transmitter - receiver, an alternative approach has been taken to use dual functionality ultrasonic transceiver. A prototype design of sensor's jig that will hold 16 transceivers of 14.1mm has been design. Transmission-mode approach with fan beam technique has been used for sensing the flow of gas, liquid and solid. This paper also explains the circuitry designs for the Ultrasonic Tomography System

Simulation Studies on Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Portable Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive and non-intrusive internal visualization tomographic modality which promising a better quantification by providing cross-sectional distribution information of any kind of multiphase flow. These studies aim to investigate the non-iterative and iterative image reconstruction for 16 channels of portable electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) through simulation work. Linear Back Projection (LBP) as a non-iterative algorithm was compared with the Landweber and generalized vector sampled pattern matching (GVSPM) iterative algorithm for four cases which are core flow, annular flow, stratified flow and two circles by evaluation of image error and image correlation. The results show Landweber algorithms produces lowest percentage error, close to phantom as higher correlation coefficient and acceptable elapsed time. Iterative image reconstruction will produce accurate results by eliminating the artifacts near actual object and enhance the capability of segmented ECT in multiphase flow identification

Taguchi Based Self-Configure Data Rate Optimization AODVUU Routing Parameters In MANET Over Optical Network Performances

Research and development advancements in the area of wireless technologies give rises of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) domain but is constrained to the single networks and stand alone. Furthermore, the communication networking applications requirements mostly still depends on fixed infrastructure networks that lead to MANET need to communicate with internet. Consequently, the traditional mobile routing protocols proposed for MANET are inefficient but play an equivalent important role in the performances of mobile wireless network over optical backhaul with focusing of MANET of the wireless domain in access network. Routing protocols procedures are controlled with a set of parameters from being dragged to undesired situations such as un-optimized Quality of Service (QoS) resource consumption. These parameters have a direct impact on the efficiency of a routing protocol and the overall MANET network performances. This paper proposed an offline optimization through simulation design of experiment of the AODV-UU parameters of MANET is evaluated by performing Taguchi signal to noise ratio (SNR) method for fine-tuning the AODV-UU routing parameters using the OMNeT++ software. The work is further extended with self-configure multiple data rates (SCMDR) scheme-a cross-layer-specific technique. AODV-UU with Taguchi tuned under the proposed SCMDR scheme is compared with AODV-UU configuration of oRiG scheme also as respects to previous work is examined based on capacity consumption, end-to-end delay metric and energy consumption metric under the varying speed scenario. The obtained results showed that, AODV-UU with Taguchi configuration outperformed the AODV-UU for the mention performance metrics here. The existing of current access network of the telco operators can benefit from the proposed improvement here