Correlation of saliva characteristics and caries in beta-thalassemia major patients

A patient with beta-thalassemia major is known to have poor oral hygiene and a high risk of caries. Some studies showed that patients with beta-thalassemia have low salivary flow rate and acidic saliva. A reduction in salivary flow rate and pH would increase caries susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between salivary flow rate and pH with DMFT index in patients with beta-thalassemia major. This study was a cross-sectional design. A total of 38 patients with beta-thalassemia major aged more than 12 years old at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Hospital were included in this study. Their unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting methods, and the teeth were examined with DMFT Index. The salivary flow rate was expressed as ml/min and the pH was measured using a saliva pH indicator paper. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between variables. The result showed that the mean age of the patients in this study was 16.6 years old, with a higher number of female patients than males. Patients with beta-thalassemia major had low salivary flow rate (0.72 ml/5 min), acidic saliva (6.34), and high DMFT index (8.34). This correlation was statistically significant (p<0.01). It can be concluded that there is a strong negative relation between DMFT index with salivary flow rate and salivary pH in patients with beta-thalassemia major

THE EFFECT OF GAMBIER EXTRACTS (Uncaria gambir [Roxb.]) AS ANTISEPTIC ON GINGIVAL WOUND IN RATS

Background: The main principle in treatment of wounds is infection control by using antiseptic. Gambier (Uncaria gambir [Roxb.]) containing catechins and tannins reported that has an antiseptic effect. This aim of this study was to determine the effect of gambier extract as antiseptic on gingival wound in rats.Methods: In vivo study, used pretest-posttest only control group design had been conducted in Animal house, Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University and Province’s Health Laboratory in Palembang. There were 30 white Wistar rats divided into fve groups. Group 1 was given 10% povidone-iodine ointment (positive control), group 2 was given a placebo ointment (negative control), group 3, 4, and 5 were given an ointment with 10%, 15%, and 20% gambier extracts. Gingival labial wound of the mandible was induced with cylinder diamond bur, then swabbed before and after treatment. Gingival swab samples were cultured in agar medium and incubated for 24 hours. The number of bacterial colonies from all groups were counted by colony counter. The statistical analysis was used IBM SPSS statistics version 22,0.Result: The result showed that the number of bacterial colonies from all groups decreased signifcantly after treatment, except for negative control. The higher concentration of gambier extract led the better effect of antiseptic.Conclusion: It can be concluded that gambier extract has antiseptic effect of gingival wound in rats

Efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur wistar

Anti-caries effect of gambier extract on male wistar rats. Several previous studies have mentioned that gambir extract can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) because it contains active substances of catechins and tannins. The objective of this study was to explore the anti-caries effect of gambir extract on male Wistar rats. Thirty-six Wistar rats were inoculated with S. mutans, given cariogenic foods and divided into 4 groups according to the doses of gambir extract, namely 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg and placebo. After 60 days, the rats were euthanized, then the number of caries on the mesial or distal and occlusal surfaces was counted by using the Keyes’ method. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. The results revealed that caries was found only in occlusal surfaces with an enamel depth. There is no significant difference among all the groups, so it can be concluded that gambir extract at 6 mg, 12 mg and 24 mg doses do not have anti-caries effect on the teeth of male Wistar rats. ABSTRAKBeberapa penelitian terdahulu mengatakan bahwa ekstrak gambir dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Steptococcus mutans (S. mutans) karena mengandung zat aktif katekin dan tanin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efek antikaries ekstrak gambir pada tikus jantan galur Wistar. Tiga puluh enam ekor tikus galur Wistar diinokulasi dengan S.  mutans, diberikan makanan kariogenik dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yakni, kelompok yang diberi dosis ekstrak gambir 6 mg, 12 mg, 24 mg dan plasebo. Setelah 60 hari, tikus di eutanasia, kemudian dihitung jumlah karies pada permukaan halus dan oklusal dengan menggunakan metode Keyes. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan tes Kruskal Wallis. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa karies ditemukan hanya pada pemukaan oklusal dengan kedalaman email. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antar semua kelompok, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak gambir dengan dosis 6 mg, 12 mg dan 24 mg tidak memiliki efek antikaries pada gigi tikus jantan galur Wistar

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF BETEL QUID ON MUCOSAL WOUND OF MALE WISTAR (RATTUS NOVERGICUS) RATS

Objective: True experimental in vivo with pre-test and post-test control group design was conducted at Animal House of Medical Faculty of Sriwijaya University Palembang and Biomedical Science Laboratory of Palembang, South Sumatera. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into five groups; three groups were treated with betel quid ointments at concentration of 5%, 10% and 20%, one group was positive control (hyaluronic acid) and last group was negative control (placebo). One-mm diameter of wound was made on lower lip mucosa of rats with cylinder diamond bur. Wound was induced with carrageenan. The number of neutrophils was counted on the first day and third day after treatment by using hematoanalyzer. Results: There was a significant decrease of the number of neutrophils for respective groups (p&lt;0.05). Betel quid ointment of 10% and 20% concentration had similar effect to 0.2% hyaluronic acid (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Betel quid has an anti-inflammatory effect on the mucosal wound of rats in a dose-dependent manner

PERBANDINGAN LAJU ALIR SALIVA LANSIA PENDERITA DIABETES MILETUS PENGGUNA DAN BUKAN PENGGUNA GIGI TIRUAN LEPASAN

Introduction: Older people are often proportional to the loss of teeth and reduced some body functions, such as decreased salivary flow rate. Systemic diseases such as diabetes that are common in the elderly lead to the decrease of salivary production. The use of denture is reported to increase the salivary flow rate.Methods: This study was an analytic survey with purposive sampling design involving 40 elderly people with diabetes mellitus with age range 45-59 years. Samples divided into two groups, group 1 was using removable denture, while group 2 was not using removable denture. Unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting method for 5 min. Salivary flow rate is obtained by measuring saliva volume in ml/min. Data were analyzed using unpaired t-test with significance level p<0.05.Results: The results showed that elderly people with diabetes mellitus using removable denture had higher salivary flow rate than not using removable denture significantly.Conclusion: the use of removable denture in elderly diabetic people is able to increase the salivary flow rate

GAMBARAN KADAR FLUORIDA DALAM AIR MINUM DAN SKOR DMF-T ANAK 12 TAHUN DI SUNGAI PEDADO PALEMBANG

Masyarakat di Sungai Pedado, Palembang sehari-hari mengonsumsi air minum yang berasal dari air sungai. Kadar fluorida yang terkandung dalam air sungai umumnya rendah sehingga masyarakat yang mengonsumsi air minum dari sungai lebih rentan terjadinya karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar fluorida dalam air minum dan skor DMF-T anak usia 12 tahun di Sungai Pedado. Penelitian deksriptif menggunakan metode cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 36 orang anak berusia 12 tahun. Sampel air minum diambil dari empat titik lokasi yang berbeda yang kemudian kandungan fluorida dalam air minumnya di ukur menggunakan spektrofotometri. Status karies gigi diukur menggunakan indeks DMF-T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karies gigi pada anak usia 12 tahun memiliki DMF-T 5,49 dan rata-rata kadar fluorida yang terdapat dalam air minum adalah 0,05 ppm. Skor DMF-T anak perempuan ditemukan lebih tinggi (5,58) dari anak laki-laki (5,42) dan skor DMF-T juga bernilai lebih tinggi pada anak yang tidak bersekolah (5,88) dibandingkan anak yang bersekolah (5,37). Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah DMF-T anak usia 12 tahun di Sungai Pedado yang menggunakan air sungai sebagai air minum tergolong tinggi dan rata-rata kadar fluorida air sungai di Sungai Pedado tergolong sangat rendah

Pemanfaatan Formula Kinang untuk Pembentukan Permen Jeli Fungsional

Pambayun et al, 2019. Utilization of Betel Chewinging Formulation for Processing of Functional Jelly Candy. pp. 156-164.The research objective was to develop jelly candy having antioxidant and antibacterial properties by utilizing betel chewinging formulation. Method used in this research was factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors and two replications. The first factor was betel chewinging formulation (A) consisting of A1 = 2%, A2 = 4%, and A3 = 6% (b/v) and the second factor was gelatin concentration (B) consisting of  B1= 15%, B2= 20% and B3 = 25 % (b/v).  The results showed that jelly candy contains total phenol with magnitude of 41.39 mg/L to 61.83 mg/L, inhibition power diameter (DDH) Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the range of 9.67 mm to 16.67 mm, antioxidant with IC50 value in the range of 1,572.78 ppm to 1,117.96 ppm, lightness of 17.50% to 32.47%, chroma of 2.97% to 3.97%, hue value of 20.73o to 26.07o, texture of 692.03 to 1,654.67 (gf) and solubility of 3.87 to 7.00 minutes. 

Prescription Profile of Antibiotic Drugs Post Excision Biopsy of Oral Soft Tissue Disease in Palembang

Backgroud An excisional biopsy is one of the surgical treatments given to cases ofsmall benign tumors in the soft tissues of the oral cavity. Antibiotics are prescribedby dentists as a follow-up therapy after excisional biopsy to prevent bacterialinfection. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of antibiotic drugprescription after excision biopsy of oral soft tissue disease by dentists in Palembang.Methods This type of research is descriptive observational with a survey method.The research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 40 dentists anddental specialists in Palembang who had performed excision biopsy treatment fororal soft tissue disease. Result The results showed that the antibiotic prescriptionof amoxicillin was 55%, the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was17.5%, and clindamycin was 12.5%. The cases found in this study were epulis57.5%, mucocele 30%, and traumatic fibroma 10%. Conclusion It can be concludedthat the antibiotic most often prescribed by dentists in Palembang after excisionbiopsy treatment was amoxicillin and the most common case was epulis

In vitro study of antifungal effect of carica papaya peel var. California extract against Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a normal microflora in the oral cavity which can be an opportunistic pathogen that could cause oral candidiasis when there are underlying predisposing conditions. Papaya as one of the most widely grown herbal plants in Indonesia has been known to cure diseases. Unused papaya peel only became a waste; however, the papaya peel is known to contain active compounds that have antifungal effect, especially raw ones. This study aimed to determine the antifungal effect of raw papaya peel extract of Californian variety and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this extract on clinical isolates of C. albicans. This study was an experimental laboratory study with post-test only control group design. Ethanol-based extract of papaya peel was obtained from maceration process using 96% ethanol. Antifungal effect testing was carried out in vitro using disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on clinical isolates of C. albicans. The concentration of Ethanol extract of papaya peel used consisted of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% with positive control (nystatin) and negative control (distilled water). The results showed that 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% papaya peel extracts were able to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with 2.5% concentration of raw papaya peel extract as minimum inhibitory concentration. Ethanol extract of raw papaya peel of Californian variety with 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20% concentrations has small antifungal effect against clinical isolates of C. albicans

3D Dentobox (Dental Explosion Box 3D) as education media for children caries prevention

Introduction: The most common dental and oral health problem in the world is dental caries. In Indonesia, as many as 89% of children under 12 years old suffered from dental and oral disease. Lack of dental knowledge and awareness can be overcome by conducting intensive dental and health education to the community. 3D Dentobox is a simple three-dimensional game designed to deliver dental and oral health messages, including dental hygiene, ways to overcome dental health problems and some dental games. 3D Dentobox is an educational media prevention of caries in children. Methods: The method used was Quasi experiment with the type of pretest and posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 30 children aged 9-12 years old. The research subjects filled out a questionnaire containing information on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and actions in caries prevention efforts followed by outreaching to the media and 3D props Dentobox and was given back the same questionnaire to be filled. Data were collected and evaluated using Guttman scale and was analyzed by paired T test. Results: The results showed that the average level of knowledge, changing attitudes, and actions before and after use 3D Dentobox increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: 3D Dentobox can be used as a media of education to prevent dental caries in children