Produksi Dan Kualitas Telur Itik Lokal Di Daerah Sentra Peternakan Itik Egg Production and Quality of Local Ducks in Ducks Farming Center Area

Produksi dan kualitas telur merupakan indicator nilai ekonomi dari USAha peternakan unggas. Produksi dan kualitas telur itik penting dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kemampuan genetic itik dan upaya penyediaan bahan pangan asal ternak yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan produksi dan kualitas telur antara itik lokal disentra peternakan itik di pulau Jawa (Tegal, Magelang dan Mojosari) yang dipelihara di Brebes, Magelang dan Mojosari, serta antara itik Bali dan Alabio yang dipelihara peternak di daerah sentra peternakan itik yaitu di daerah Mengwi, Denpasar Bali dan Amuntai, Sungai Hulu Utara Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian dilakukan secara survai dengan sampel peternakan itik sebanyak 4 peternak dan dari masing-masing peternakan diambil sampel telur itik sebanyak 40 butir. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dengan factor pembeda adalah galur itik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa itik Mojosari memghasilkan telur yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan itik Tegal dan Magelang. Bobot telur dan kuning telur itik Magelang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan itik Tegal dan Mojosari, akan tetapi memiliki nilai haugh unit paling tinggi. Telur itik Mojosari memiliki score warna yolk paling tinggi. Bobot albumen dan tebal kerabang pada tiga galur itik di sentra peternakan di pulau Jawa relative sama. Galur itik Bali putih menghasilkan telur yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan itik Bali strain coklat maupun kombinasi serta itik Alabio, namun memiliki tebal kerabang yang paling tinggi. Bobot telur itik Bali dan alabio relative sama. Itik Alabio menghasilkan telur dengan nilai haught unit, bobot albumen dan skor kuning telur yang paling tinggi akan tetapi bobot yolknya paling rendah. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah telur yang dihasilkan pada galur itik Tegal, Magelang dan Mojosari memiliki kualitas yang berbeda. itik Alabio menghasilkan produksi dan kualitas telur yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan itik Bali

Morphometrics and Genetic Diversity of Tegal, Magelang and Their Crossbred Ducks Based on Cytochrome B Gene

This experiment was conducted to study the morphometric and genetic diversity of Tegal, Magelang, and their crossbred ducks. Each ten female about twenty weeks old ducks from Tegal, Magelang, Gallang, and Maggal ducks, respectively, were used as the group materialss. The body weight, chest circumference, body length, shank length, neck length, and pubis width were recorded and tested by analysis of variance of one way classification as the morphometric characteristics. Polymorphism of cytochrome b (cyt b) gene on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Genetic distance was analyzed based on value of heterozygosity, whereas the phylogeny tree was reconstructed using MEGA6 software. The results showed there were highly significant difference (P<0.01) on body weight, chest circumference, body length, and neck length between population, while shank and pubis width were not significant different. The genetic distance between Gallang and Maggal ducks (0.206) was higher than Tegal and Magelang ducks (0.169). It is concluded that the reciprocal crosses increased the morphometric and genetic diversity of Indonesian local duck population

Sexual Dimorphism and Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene in Muscovy Duck

This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5\u27-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3\u27 and reverse/Sequence: 5\u27-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3\u27. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks

Morphology and Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial Dna D-loop Region Using Pcr-rflp Analysis in Magelang Duck and Other Native Duck

The aim of this study was to investigate the different of plumage colors on morphological diversityof Magelang duck and genetic diversity using PCR-RFLP mtDNA D-loop region analysis of Magelangduck and four others native duck population (Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio duck) in Indonesia. Bloodsample was taken from 50 Magelang ducks and 20 of each native ducks. Morphological characteristicsof body measurement, production ability and egg quality of Magelang duck were analyzed usingCompletely Randomized Design with 11 plumage colors as treatments. PCR technique was administeredto amplify fragments in mtDNA D-loop region and PCR products were digested with endonucleaserestriction enzyme AluI and HaeIII. The result showed that morphology diversity of Magelang duck wasstatistically affected by different plumage colors. PCR-RFLP analysis using AluI and HaeIII restrictionenzyme resulted in six combinations of restriction fragment pattern shown in six haplotypes (A, B, C, D,E and F). Haplotype difference showed genetic diversity in the population of Magelang duck and theother native ducks. In conclusion, the different plumage colors affected morphology diversity ofMagelang duck. Genetic diversity of Indonesian native duck population could be identified by usingPCR-RFLP analysis on mtDNA D-loop region

Korelasi Genetika Sifat Produksi Sebagai Dasar Pemilihan Domba Lokal Genetic Correlation of Production Characteristics as Bases for Selection of Indigenous Sheep

Aims of this research were to know genetic correlation of birth and weaning weight of indigenous sheep. Materials used were 240 birth and weaning weight recorded from 100 days of the indigenous lambs age that were born from 40 dams mated by 8 rams. Nested classification model was used to estimate to genetic correlation. Result of the research showed that the estimated value of genetic correlation from sire, dam, and sire-dam components were 0,32 ± 0,31; 0,52 ± 0,54, and 0,36 ± 0,52, respectively. It could be summarized that genetic correlation between birth and weaning weight of the sheep had a moderate positive. Birth weight characteristic could be used for criteria selection with non-direct selectionmethod for weaning weight

Performance Production Based on the Type of Mating in Local Ducks

This study aims to determine the effects of the local duck mating patterns (Tegal and Magelang) on production performance based on feed consumption, feed conversion (FCR), and egg production (DDP). The research used 80 Magelang and Tegal ducks. The research is an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD). The research used 4 treatments and 5 replications. The number of ducks in each cross consisted of 5 (five) males and 15 (fifteen) females. P1 crossed Magelang and Magelang ducks (MM), P2 Magelang Tegal (MT), P3 Tegal Magelang (TM), and P4 Tegal and Tegal (TT) which were given the same feed in the form of concentrate feed. Ducks were kept for 3 months to observe their production performance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the feed consumption of P1 and P3, but significantly different (P&gt; 0.05) between P2 and P4. The highest egg production was produced by P3 followed by P1, P2, and P4, while the lowest FCR is P2 followed by P4, P3 and the highest was P1 (MM). From the research, it was concluded that the Tegal-Magelang (P3) duck crossbred had the best productivity and the most efficient use of feed compared to other cross treatments. Keywords: Duck cross breeding, Local Ducks, Egg production, Feed Consumption, FCR

Polymorphisme Gene GH and Morphological Characteristic of Anas Platyrhynchos and Cairina Moschata

The aims of this research was to identify the qualitative and quantitative difference of the phenotypes of native mallard and Muscovy, and Muscovy the genetic diversity between Muscovy and mallard using RFLP method with growth hormone primer (GH) gene. The materials were 30-week old male and female ducks from 5 strains—Magelang, Mojosari and Tegal ducks, white-feathered, and black and white-feathered Muscovy. Muscovy Completely Randomized Design was used to analyze parameters 5 strains of ducks based on gender and with 5 replications. The parameters measured were local and Muscovy duck phenotypes and genetic diversity (number of alleles) based on GH gene, heterozygosity and genetic distance. Qualitative properties were analyzed descriptively and quantitative properties were analyzed using Anova followed by HSD in case of significant differences, whereas RFLP analysis was used to determine the allele frequencies, genotype frequencies, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of local ducks. Result showed phenotypic differences between Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata. The dominant feather colorof Muscovy was black and white while mallard was brown. The bill color Muscovy Muscovy was pink with dark brown but black in mallard. The dominant shank's color in both Muscovy and mallard was black. Body size of mallard was larger than that of Muscovy Muscovy, and Magelang ducks weigherd more than Tegal and Mojosari Duck. The PCR-RFLP results showed lower heterozygosity of mallard compared to Muscovy based on GH gene, and genetic distance of the Tegal duck was closer to Mojosari and Magelang ducks, whereas Magelang and Mojosari ducks had a considerable genetic distance based on the GH gene

Genetic Variation in the Calpastatin Gene and its Association with Growth Traits in Batur Sheep

The present study aimed to investigate the association of the CAST genotype and growth traits in Batur sheep. Batur lambs were reared under an intensive feeding system. Bodyweight is measured monthly after weaning until six months of age. Blood representing thirty head were collected, genomic DNA was extracted as samples, and then 200 µl of whole blood samples were used. Specific primers were designed to amplify the CAST gene, samples were sequenced, then the researchers used the BioEdit program to identify any mutation. Calculation of genotypes, gene and allele frequencies, heterozygosities, and Chi-square test was performed. The analysis revealed a total of sixteen polymorphic sites in the CAST coding region. There are four alleles observed (A, G, C, and T), trans-versions at c.92T&lt;G and c.285G&gt;T loci, and transitions at c.214G&gt;A, c.280G&gt;A, c.301C&lt;T, and c.371A&gt;G. One individual disrupted the reading frame in the whole CAST sequenced. The genotype frequency analysis showed the highest predominance of the (TT, GG, CC, and AA) genotypes with frequencies (66.7 %, 62.9 %, 59.3 %, 66.7 %, and 55.6 %) as homozygous. In contrast, the heterozygous (TG, GA, GT, CT, and AG) genotypes were present at lower frequencies (29.6 %, 33.3 %, 37 %, 29.6 %, and 37 %), respectively with four difference alleles (T, G, C, and A). Post-weaning bodyweight till 6-month age of Batur sheep for the heterozygous genotypes at loci (c.92T&lt;G, c.214G&gt;A, c.280G&gt;A, and c.301C&lt;T) was slightly more massive than those carrying homozygous wild-type genotypes (c.285G&gt;T and c.371A&gt;G) with no significant differences (p &gt; 0.5). The lambs with the heterozygous genotype had a significantly higher muscle percentage as a whole, compared to the other genotypes. Polymorphic sites were present in Batur sheep for the first time about the association with the CAST gene. However, the CAST gene might not be a useful marker for developing future selection programs in Batur sheep unless further investigation of the CAST gene and its interactions with other genes involving muscle growth and carcass traits are analyzed through association studies at a large scale. Keywords: genetic variation, CAST gene, association, Batur sheep, growth trait

F420H2-Dependent Degradation of Aflatoxin and other Furanocoumarins Is Widespread throughout the Actinomycetales

Two classes of F420-dependent reductases (FDR-A and FDR-B) that can reduce aflatoxins and thereby degrade them have previously been isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis. One class, the FDR-A enzymes, has up to 100 times more activity than the other. F420 is a cofactor with a low reduction potential that is largely confined to the Actinomycetales and some Archaea and Proteobacteria. We have heterologously expressed ten FDR-A enzymes from diverse Actinomycetales, finding that nine can also use F420H2 to reduce aflatoxin. Thus FDR-As may be responsible for the previously observed degradation of aflatoxin in other Actinomycetales. The one FDR-A enzyme that we found not to reduce aflatoxin belonged to a distinct clade (herein denoted FDR-AA), and our subsequent expression and analysis of seven other FDR-AAs from M. smegmatis found that none could reduce aflatoxin. Certain FDR-A and FDR-B enzymes that could reduce aflatoxin also showed activity with coumarin and three furanocoumarins (angelicin, 8-methoxysporalen and imperatorin), but none of the FDR-AAs tested showed any of these activities. The shared feature of the compounds that were substrates was an α,β-unsaturated lactone moiety. This moiety occurs in a wide variety of otherwise recalcitrant xenobiotics and antibiotics, so the FDR-As and FDR-Bs may have evolved to harness the reducing power of F420 to metabolise such compounds. Mass spectrometry on the products of the FDR-catalyzed reduction of coumarin and the other furanocoumarins shows their spontaneous hydrolysis to multiple products