A Cross-Context Analysis of Civic Engagement Linking CIVED and U.S: Census Data

This study investigates direct and indirect family, peer, school, and neighborhood effects on adolescents’ civic engagement utilizing data from the 1999 IEA Civic Education Study and the U.S. Census. The nationally representative sample consists of 2,729 students from 119 schools in the U.S. Multi-level regression techniques provide precise estimates of the separate and shared impact of each context on adolescents’ civic engagement. Individual students’ civic experiences and discourse in school and at home predict higher civic engagement, although the effects of these experiences vary based on the larger school and neighborhood contexts. Overall, interactive effects indicate that students who may traditionally be deemed at a disadvantage (either because of poor school or neighborhood conditions) experience more benefits from increases in civic learning opportunities than do more advantaged students. Suggestions are made for secondary analyses of ICCS (the IEA civic education study of 2009)

A cross-national comparison of teachers' beliefs about the aims of civic education in 12 countries: A person-centered analysis

This article examines teachers' beliefs about the aims of citizenship education in 12 countries from Europe and Asia. A latent class analysis of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study of 2009 identified three distinct profiles of teachers' beliefs about the goals of citizenship education. These profiles are associated with teachers' characteristics and with national indicators of democratic development. Profiles can be more useful than single beliefs in understanding how teaching contributes to students' civic development. Teachers across countries thought it far more important to foster students' participation in the school or local community than to foster future political participation

PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE, PROFITABILITAS, DAN BIAYA PRODUKSI TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA RIIL BANK SYARIAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sejauh mana aktivitas manajemen laba riil pada perbankan syariah di negara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Tinjauan faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen laba riil yakni terdiri dari kepemilikan institusional, leverage, profitabilitas, dan biaya produksi. Pengujian tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan populasi bank syariah di kedua negara dengan rentang waktu 2014 hingga 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor kepemilikan institusional, leverage, dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas manajemen laba riil pada perbankan syariah di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Sedangkan variabel biaya produksi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas manajemen laba riil

Analisis Thermal Signature Wajah Manusia Pada Saat Aktifitas Jogging Dengan Teknik Termografi Inframerah

Pemanfaatan thermal imaging sangat pesat untuk berbagai aplikasi. Untuk pengukuran objek diatas suhu mutlak 0 Kelvin dapat menggunakan kamera thermal dengan memanfaatkan radiasi inframerah yang dipancarkan oleh objek. Manusia salah satu objek yang meradiasikan inframerah. Radiasi inframerah oleh tubuh manusia juga berbeda-beda sesuai dengan aktifitas yang sedang dilakukan. Aktifitas fisik seperti jogging adalah aktifitas yang sering dilakukan oleh manusia maka dalam penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa profil thermal signature aktifitas jogging pada tubuh manusia terutama bagian wajah berbeda-beda berkaitan dengan energi radiasi, temperatur lingkungan dan emisivitas. Berdasarkan distribusi perubahan temperatur, kenaikan tertinggi adalah 53% untuk naracoba A, dan untuk selisih suhu rata-rata kondisi baseline dan setelah aktifitas jogging paling besar mencapai 0,2 oC oleh naracoba E. Untuk trendline aktifitas jogging selama 10 menit juga cenderung meningkat temperaturnya, dengan selisih temperatur maksimum minimum region hidung paling signifikan yaitu 0,9 oC dan dahi yang paling rendah selisihnya adalah dahi 0,3 oC. ====================================================================================================== Thermal imaging has been widely used for many applications.. Humans one of the objects that radiate infrared. Infrared radiation by the human body also vary according to the activity. This study found that the thermal profile signature activity of jogging on the human body, especially the face is different with regard to energy radiation, ambient temperature and emissivity. Based on the distribution of temperature changes, the highest increase was 53% for Volunteer A, and for the difference in the average temperature of baseline conditions and after activities of jogging the greatest reach 0,2 oC by Volunteer E. The trend line graphic of jogging for 10 minutes activity also tends to increase the temperature, with a maximum temperature difference of minimum most significant region of the nose and forehead 0,9 oC the least difference is 0,3 oC forehead

Structural and evolutionary bioinformatics of the SPOUT superfamily of methyltransferases

BACKGROUND: SPOUT methyltransferases (MTases) are a large class of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent enzymes that exhibit an unusual alpha/beta fold with a very deep topological knot. In 2001, when no crystal structures were available for any of these proteins, Anantharaman, Koonin, and Aravind identified homology between SpoU and TrmD MTases and defined the SPOUT superfamily. Since then, multiple crystal structures of knotted MTases have been solved and numerous new homologous sequences appeared in the databases. However, no comprehensive comparative analysis of these proteins has been carried out to classify them based on structural and evolutionary criteria and to guide functional predictions. RESULTS: We carried out extensive searches of databases of protein structures and sequences to collect all members of previously identified SPOUT MTases, and to identify previously unknown homologs. Based on sequence clustering, characterization of domain architecture, structure predictions and sequence/structure comparisons, we re-defined families within the SPOUT superfamily and predicted putative active sites and biochemical functions for the so far uncharacterized members. We have also delineated the common core of SPOUT MTases and inferred a multiple sequence alignment for the conserved knot region, from which we calculated the phylogenetic tree of the superfamily. We have also studied phylogenetic distribution of different families, and used this information to infer the evolutionary history of the SPOUT superfamily. CONCLUSION: We present the first phylogenetic tree of the SPOUT superfamily since it was defined, together with a new scheme for its classification, and discussion about conservation of sequence and structure in different families, and their functional implications. We identified four protein families as new members of the SPOUT superfamily. Three of these families are functionally uncharacterized (COG1772, COG1901, and COG4080), and one (COG1756 represented by Nep1p) has been already implicated in RNA metabolism, but its biochemical function has been unknown. Based on the inference of orthologous and paralogous relationships between all SPOUT families we propose that the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all extant organisms contained at least three SPOUT members, ancestors of contemporary RNA MTases that carry out m(1)G, m3U, and 2'O-ribose methylation, respectively. In this work we also speculate on the origin of the knot and propose possible 'unknotted' ancestors. The results of our analysis provide a comprehensive 'roadmap' for experimental characterization of SPOUT MTases and interpretation of functional studies in the light of sequence-structure relationships

Draft Genome Sequence of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Strain UMB0843, Isolated from the Female Urinary Tract

Here, we introduce the 2.8-Mbp draft genome of Enterococcus faecalis strain UMB0843, isolated from the female urinary tract. E. faecalis is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, and many strains are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. We focus our genome analysis on the multiple genes involved in antibiotic resistance in this strain

Democratic School Engagement and Civic Participation among European Adolescents: Analysis of Data from the IEA Civic Education Study

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Comparing Attitudes in the 1999 and 2009 IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies: Opportunities and Limitations Illustrated in Five Countries

Both the 1999 IEA Civic Education Study (CIVED) and the 2009 IEA International Civics and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) sought to examine young people’s attitudes and behaviors as related to civic engagement in addition to their civic knowledge. Now that both studies are completed, questions can be asked about the extent to which the averages of outcomes across countries have stayed consistent or changed. The purpose of this article is to review the CIVED and ICCS studies to examine the potential for, and potential limitations to, such a comparison extending beyond the cognitive domain to some attitudinal and participatory outcomes. We compared guiding frameworks for each study, examined the similarities and differences among items in scales appearing in both studies, and provided a general discussion of the pitfalls of comparing IRT scales across cohorts. An item-level analysis explored whether young people’s average attitudes toward immigrants’ rights and institutional trust changed between 1999 and 2009 in five Nordic countries. Stability in support for immigrants’ rights and increasing trust are apparent in most countries, although exceptions to this pattern exist. Recommendations for secondary analysis of CIVED and ICCS are discussed

The yfhQ gene of Escherichia coli encodes a tRNA:Cm32/Um32 methyltransferase

BACKGROUND: Naturally occurring tRNAs contain numerous modified nucleosides. They are formed by enzymatic modification of the primary transcripts during the complex RNA maturation process. In model organisms Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae most enzymes involved in this process have been identified. Interestingly, it was found that tRNA methylation, one of the most common modifications, can be introduced by S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet)-dependent methyltransferases (MTases) that belong to two structurally and phylogenetically unrelated protein superfamilies: RFM and SPOUT. RESULTS: As a part of a large-scale project aiming at characterization of a complete set of RNA modification enzymes of model organisms, we have studied the Escherichia coli proteins YibK, LasT, YfhQ, and YbeA for their ability to introduce the last unassigned methylations of ribose at positions 32 and 34 of the tRNA anticodon loop. We found that YfhQ catalyzes the AdoMet-dependent formation of Cm32 or Um32 in tRNA(Ser1 )and tRNA(Gln2 )and that an E. coli strain with a disrupted yfhQ gene lacks the tRNA:Cm32/Um32 methyltransferase activity. Thus, we propose to rename YfhQ as TrMet(Xm32) according to the recently proposed, uniform nomenclature for all RNA modification enzymes, or TrmJ, according to the traditional nomenclature for bacterial tRNA MTases. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that methylation at position 32 is carried out by completely unrelated TrMet(Xm32) enzymes in eukaryota and prokaryota (RFM superfamily member Trm7 and SPOUT superfamily member TrmJ, respectively), mirroring the scenario observed in the case of the m(1)G37 modification (introduced by the RFM member Trm5 in eukaryota and archaea, and by the SPOUT member TrmD in bacteria)