5,960 research outputs found
Prediction of risk of fracture in the tibia due to altered bone mineral density distribution resulting from disuse : a finite element study
The disuse-related bone loss that results from immobilisation following injury shares characteristics with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and the aged, with decreases in bone mineral density (BMD) leading to weakening of the bone and increased risk of fracture. The aim of the study was to use the finite element method to: (i) calculate the mechanical response of the tibia under mechanical load and (ii) estimate the risk of fracture; comparing between two groups, an able bodied (AB) group and spinal cord injury (SCI) patients group suffering from varying degree of bone loss. The tibiae of eight male subjects with chronic SCI and those of four able-bodied (AB) age-matched controls were scanned using multi-slice peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. Images were used to develop full three-dimensional models of the tibiae in Mimics (Materialise) and exported into Abaqus (Simulia) for calculation of stress distribution and fracture risk in response to specified loading conditions – compression, bending and torsion. The percentage of elements that exceeded a calculated value of the ultimate stress provided an estimate of the risk of fracture for each subject, which differed between SCI subjects and their controls. The differences in BMD distribution along the tibia in different subjects resulted in different regions of the bone being at high risk of fracture under set loading conditions, illustrating the benefit of creating individual material distribution models. A predictive tool can be developed based on these models, to enable clinicians to estimate the amount of loading that can be safely allowed onto the skeletal frame of individual patients who suffer from extensive musculoskeletal degeneration (including SCI, multiple sclerosis and the ageing population). The ultimate aim would be to reduce fracture occurrence in these vulnerable groups
Recent Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Spectra and Spectroheliograms
Extreme ultraviolet solar spectra and spectroheliogram analyse
Phenotypic heterogeneity of peripheral monocytes in healthy dogs
Monocytes are key cells of the innate immune system. Their phenotypic and functional roles have been investigated in humans, mice and other animals, such as the rat, pig and cow. To date, detailed phenotypic analysis of monocytes has not been undertaken in dogs. Two important surface markers in human monocytes are CD14 and MHC class II (MHC II). By flow cytometry, we demonstrated that canine monocytes can be subdivided into three separate populations: CD14posMHC IIneg, CD14posMHC IIpos and CD14negMHC IIpos. Both light and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the monocytic identity of all three populations. The CD14posMHC IIneg population could be distinguished on an ultrastructural level by their smaller size, the presence of more numerous, larger granules, and more pseudopodia than both of the other populations
Evaluating the impact of career management skills module and internship programme within a university business school
This study evaluates the impact of an intervention on business school graduates’ employability comprising of a curriculum-based career management skills (CMS) module and an industrial placement year. The study uses data from the destinations of leavers of higher education survey to examine the employability of different groups within the cohort (no intervention, CMS module only and CMS module plus structured work experience). It finds that structured work experience has clear, positive effects on the ability of graduates to secure employment in ‘graduate level’ jobs within six months of graduation. Furthermore, participation in the CMS module also has a clear, positive effect upon the ability of participants to secure employment
The VLBA Calibrator Search for the BeSSeL Survey
We present the results of a survey of radio continuum sources near the
Galactic plane using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). Our observations are
designed to identify compact extragalactic sources of milliarcsecond size that
can be used for parallax measurements in the Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy
Survey. We selected point sources from the NVSS and CORNISH catalogs with flux
densities above 30 mJy and within 1.5\degr of known maser targets. Of the
1529 sources observed, 199 were detected. For sources detected on 3 or more
baselines, we determined accurate positions and evaluated their quality as
potential calibrators. Most of the 1330 sources that were not detected with the
VLBA are probably of extragalactic origin.Comment: 27 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables. Table 3 is available on the homepage
of the BeSSeL survey:
http://www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de/staff/abrunthaler/BeSSeL/index.shtm
Radiation pattern of a classical dipole in a photonic crystal: photon focusing
The asymptotic analysis of the radiation pattern of a classical dipole in a
photonic crystal possessing an incomplete photonic bandgap is presented. The
far-field radiation pattern demonstrates a strong modification with respect to
the dipole radiation pattern in vacuum. Radiated power is suppressed in the
direction of the spatial stopband and strongly enhanced in the direction of the
group velocity, which is stationary with respect to a small variation of the
wave vector. An effect of radiated power enhancement is explained in terms of
\emph{photon focusing}. Numerical example is given for a square-lattice
two-dimensional photonic crystal. Predictions of asymptotic analysis are
substantiated with finite-difference time-domain calculations, revealing a
reasonable agreement.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Evaluation of the Association of IGF2BP2 Variants With Type 2 Diabetes in French Caucasians
OBJECTIVE—We performed a comprehensive genetic association study of common variation spanning the IGF2BP2 locus in order to replicate the association of the “confirmed” type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants rs4402960 and rs1470579 in the French Caucasian population and to further characterize the susceptibility variants at this novel locus
Observation of Collective-Emission-Induced Cooling inside an Optical Cavity
We report the observation of collective-emission-induced, velocity-dependent
light forces. One third of a falling sample containing 3 x 10^6 cesium atoms
illuminated by a horizontal standing wave is stopped by cooperatively emitting
light into a vertically oriented confocal resonator. We observe decelerations
up to 1500 m/s^2 and cooling to temperatures as low as 7 uK, well below the
free space Doppler limit. The measured forces substantially exceed those
predicted for a single two-level atom.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Characterisation of the Mopra Radio Telescope at 16--50 GHz
We present the results of a programme of scanning and mapping observations of
astronomical masers and Jupiter designed to characterise the performance of the
Mopra Radio Telescope at frequencies between 16-50 GHz using the 12-mm and 7-mm
receivers. We use these observations to determine the telescope beam size, beam
shape and overall telescope beam efficiency as a function of frequency. We find
that the beam size is well fit by / over the frequency range with a
correlation coefficient of ~90%. We determine the telescope main beam
efficiencies are between ~48-64% for the 12-mm receiver and reasonably flat at
~50% for the 7-mm receiver. Beam maps of strong HO (22 GHz) and SiO masers
(43 GHz) provide a means to examine the radial beam pattern of the telescope.
At both frequencies the radial beam pattern reveals the presence of three
components, a central `core', which is well fit by a Gaussian and constitutes
the telescopes main beam, and inner and outer error beams. At both frequencies
the inner and outer error beams extend out to approximately 2 and 3.4 times the
full-width half maximum of the main beam respectively. Sources with angular
sizes a factor of two or more larger than the telescope main beam will couple
to the main and error beams, and therefore the power contributed by the error
beams needs to be considered. From measurements of the radial beam power
pattern we estimate the amount of power contained in the inner and outer error
beams is of order one-fifth at 22 GHz rising slightly to one-third at 43 GHz.Comment: Accepted for publication in PAS
Physical Aspects of Axonemal Beating and Swimming
We discuss a two-dimensional model for the dynamics of axonemal deformations
driven by internally generated forces of molecular motors. Our model consists
of an elastic filament pair connected by active elements. We derive the dynamic
equations for this system in presence of internal forces. In the limit of small
deformations, a perturbative approach allows us to calculate filament shapes
and the tension profile. We demonstrate that periodic filament motion can be
generated via a self-organization of elastic filaments and molecular motors.
Oscillatory motion and the propagation of bending waves can occur for an
initially non-moving state via an instability termed Hopf bifurcation. Close to
this instability, the behavior of the system is shown to be independent of
microscopic details of the axoneme and the force-generating mechanism. The
oscillation frequency however does depend on properties of the molecular
motors. We calculate the oscillation frequency at the bifurcation point and
show that a large frequency range is accessible by varying the axonemal length
between 1 and 50m. We calculate the velocity of swimming of a flagellum
and discuss the effects of boundary conditions and externally applied forces on
the axonemal oscillations.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, REVTE
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