Feature Extraction and Classification of Welding Defects using Artificial Neural Network

The detection and classification of the defects in the welded components are very important in order to ensure the structural integrity of the fabricated components of the test blanket module (TBM). RAFM steel is used as structural material for the TBM, therefore ultrasonic based technique are the most suitable for high sensitive defect detection. In this work ultrasonic pulse echo technique is used to perform the experiment and the ANNs (artificial neural networks) technique is used to detection and classification of the defects in the welded region. For this study, artificial defect (Side drilled hole, notch and flat bottom hole) are fabricated in the welded region. In this paper this data acquisition from different type of defects and extraction of feature from these signal are discussed. Artificial neural network will be used for the classification of the defects

Childhood obesity and socio-economic class

Background: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. There are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major role in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the obesity status of children (5-18 years) from the upper and middle socio-economic class.Methods: 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age group of 5-18 years from upper and middle socio-economic status (According to the modified version of Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic status scale) were selected as subjects for this study. Weight and height were measured in minimum acceptable standard clothing without shoes and socks and BMI was calculated. Because there are changes in body weight and height with age, BMI levels among children and teens need to be expressed relative to other children of the same age and sex. Number of children in each BMI-for-age-percentile-range were calculated. By using chi–square test an association of overweight/obesity with socio-economic class was studied in children.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was more in upper socio-economic class boys in comparison with middle socio-economic class boys, more girls from upper socio-economic class were overweight/obese in comparison with middle socio-economic class girls and more girls were obese in comparison to boys from upper socio-economic class.Conclusions: The primary prevention could be the key plan for controlling the current epidemic of obesity and these strategies seem to be more effective in children than in adults

ROLE OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA IN ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (HRIDAROGA): A REVIEW

Now days, life is becoming very stressful and fast. As many diseases originate due to this hectic lifestyle. One of the important disease is Hridaroga (Ischemic heart disease), which is responsible for many deaths in early age. In Ayurveda, Hridaroga & their symptoms are described in many textbooks. Management of Hridaroga is also very critical and important. In modern medicine, only expensive interventional procedures are described but on the other hand, Ayurvedic herbs are better, cost effective & good therapeutic option for IHD (Hridaroga). The review emphasizes on various properties of Terminalia arjuna. Many clinical & animal studies on T.arjuna show its effect on ECG changes, LV functions & myocardial ischaemic reperfusion injury-etc. Besides this it also has antiatherosclerotic, anticoagulant, anti-infarction, hypolipidemic & hypotensive properties. So, Ayurvedic drug (T. arjuna) is a better option for the treatment of IHD (Hridaroga) because it can improve the quality of life in individuals & potentially save millions of lives

An unusual anomaly of deep venous system in the lower limb: Complete unilateral agenesis of iliofemoral veins in the absence of persistent sciatic vein

Venous anomalies are the most common congenital vascular anomalies. The rarest of these is complete deep venous agenesis. Here,we report a case of a 15-year-old male patient evaluated on color Doppler and computed tomographic venogram with complete rightiliofemoral deep venous agenesis with the inferior vena cava continuing as the left common iliac vein and the right popliteal veindraining into superficial anomalous veins of the thigh. These superficial veins were seen to drain through a superficial suprapubicarcuate connector vein into the dilated left common femoral vein. Uniquely in our case, there was no persistent embryonic sciaticvein and no demonstrable reflux into the superficial connector vein, suggesting an uncommon embryological mechanism underlyingits pathogenesis. Surgical resection of the dilated superficial veins is absolutely contraindicated in cases of deep venous agenesis andhence accurate diagnosis by the radiologist is absolutely essential in such cases

Unusual clinical presentation and complications following preoperative embolization of a large adrenal tumor

Authors present a case of a young female presenting with secondary amenorrhea which on further investigation revealed a large intra-abdominal mass, likely arising from the left adrenal gland. As the tumor was highly vascular with large feeders, she was referred for pre-operative embolization to reduce the blood loss during surgery. Post embolization, the patient suffered from an unusual complication of tumor rupture along with excessive secretion of catecholamines resulting in myocarditis and myocardial infarction. Patient ultimately died of the myocardial infarction. Preoperative embolization of a large, hypervascular adrenal mass lesion is not devoid of unusual complications like tumor rupture and subsequent cardiovascular complications even if the tumor is hormonally inactive. This complication is extremely rare and has never been reported in adrenal tumors after embolization

Modeling four-dimensional metamaterials: A T-matrix approach to describe time-varying metasurfaces

Exploring the interaction of light with materials periodically structured in space and time is intellectually rewarding and, simultaneously, a computational challenge. Appropriate computational tools are urgently needed to explore how such upcoming photonic materials can control light on demand. Here, we introduce a semi-analytical approach based on the transition matrix (also known as T-matrix) to analyze the optical response of a spatiotemporal metasurface. The metasurface consists of a periodic arrangement of time-varying scattering particles. In our approach, we depart from an individual scatterer’s T-matrix to construct the effective T-matrix of the metasurface. From that effective T-matrix, all observable properties can reliably be predicted. We verify our semi-analytical approach with full-wave numerical simulations. We demonstrate a speed-up with our approach by a factor of more than 500 compared to a finite-element simulation. Finally, we exemplify our approach by studying the effect of time modulation on a Huygens’ metasurface and discuss some emerging observable features

Evaluation of Remote Sensing and Meteorological parameters for Yield Prediction of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Crop

Abstract In the Agriculture sector, the farmers need a reliable estimation for pre-harvest crop yield prediction to decide their import-export policies. The present work aims to assess the impact of remote sensing-based derived products with Climate data on the accuracy of a prediction model for the sugarcane yield. The regression method was used to develop an empirical model based on VCI, Historical Sugarcane Yield, and Climatic Parameters of 75 districts of six major sugar-producing states of India. The MOD13Q1 product of MODIS on Board Terra Satellite at 16-day intervals was accessed during the growing season of sugarcane crop with 36 meteorological parameters for experimentation. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using R2, Root Mean square Metric (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and mean square error (MSE). The preliminary results concluded that the proposed methodology achieved the highest accuracy with (R2 =0.95, MAE=5.18, MSE=34.5, RMSE=5.87). The conclusion of the study highlighted that the coefficient of determination can be improved significantly by incorporating maximum and minimum temperature parameters with Remote sensing derived vegetation indices for the sugarcane yield

Follow-up assessment of pulmonary functions in mechanically ventilated children after discharge from pediatric intensive care unit: A developing country perspective

Background: There is a paucity of data on the pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in pediatric mechanically ventilated patients, especially in a developing country setting. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the pediatric intensive care unit over 15 months. The PFTs were measured using spirometry at discharge, at 3 and 6 months. Results: Of 32 eligible children, 20 (mean age 9 ± 2.62 years) completed the 6-month follow-up. The most common indications for mechanical ventilation were respiratory (45%) and neurological (35%) causes. At the end of 6 months, 65% children had abnormal lung function (restrictive pattern). Patients with longer duration of ventilation, high peak pressures, and high fractional inhaled oxygen had a trend toward more abnormality in the lung function. Conclusions: Pediatric mechanically ventilated patients developed restrictive pulmonary defects after discharge that gradually improved over time. The majority was asymptomatic and reported no lifestyle limitations. There is a need for longer follow-up studies to assess the lung function and clinical condition postdischarge