Estado del Arte : Los beneficios de la promoción de la lectura en la primera infancia

Las bondades de la lectura van más allá del ámbito académico e intelectual, aportan en sobremanera a los ámbitos emocional, personal y social del ser humano, constituyendo así, una herramienta elemental en la vida del ser humano. El presente estado del arte es un estudio documental, en tanto, se obtiene, selecciona, sistematiza, organiza, interpreta y analiza información sobre un objeto de estudio, a partir de la revisión de fuentes; de tal manera que, permite redescubrir o reinterpretar diferentes aspectos de un tema. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo central la promoción de la lectura y su relación con el desarrollo integral en la primera infancia y su objetivo es describir los beneficios de la promoción de la lectura en la primera infancia. Las fuentes consultadas para esta investigación pertenecen a los últimos veinte años y han sido tesis de repositorios, artículos de revistas indexadas que figuran en principales bases de datos, así como libros electrónicos y capítulos de libros. El estudio está organizado en dos núcleos temáticos; en el primero, se aborda la promoción de la lectura y el desarrollo emocional en la primera infancia; y en el segundo, se analiza su vinculación con el desarrollo personal y social en la primera infancia. El estudio resulta relevante, porque ofrece a los futuros educadores y adultos, en general, una nueva forma de ver las prácticas lectoras, considerándolas aliadas esenciales en su quehacer cotidiano para el vínculo con los infantes y la búsqueda de su desarrollo integral desde los primeros años.The goodness of reading goes beyond the academic and intellectual sphere, they contribute greatly to the emotional, personal and social spheres of the human being, thus constituting an elementary tool in the life of the human being, so it is of the utmost importance to promote this activity from the earliest years for the integral formation of the person. The present state of art is a documentary study, inso as information about a study object is obtained, selected, systematized, organized interpreted and analyzed, from the review of sources, in such a way that, it allows you to rediscover or reinterpret different aspects of a topic. This research has as it is central subject the promotion of reading and it is relationship to integral development in early childhood and the aims to describe the benefits of promoting early childhood reading. The sources consulted for this research belong to the last twenty years and it have been thesis of repositories, articles of indexed journals that appear in major databases, as well as e-books and book chapters. The study is organized into two thematic nuclei; the first, addresses the promotion of reading and emotional development in early childhood; and the second, it analyses its link with personal and social development in early childhood. The study is relevant because it offers future educators and adults, in general, a new way of seeing reading practices, considering them essential allies in their daily work for link with infants and the pursuit of their integral development from the earliest years

Estructura del pastizal, producción de leche y emisión de metano en vacas lecheras en pastoreo

La investigación se realizó en la Granja Experimental de Irquis, perteneciente a la Universidad de Cuenca, provincia de Azuay, Ecuador, a 2663 msnm con las siguientes coordenadas 1773890 E y 9659302 N, es clima templado, temperatura entre 8 y 14°C, humedad relativa del 80 % y una pluviosidad de 639 mm/año. La investigación se realizó durante 16 semanas, comprendidas entre los meses de diciembre del 2018 a marzo del 2019. Se determinó la respuesta animal como producción de leche en razón de tres patrones de composición botánica, con predominio de Kikuyo, en otro con predominio de Ryegrass y en otro con una Asociación de estos y Trébol Blanco. Se determinó la estructura de los pastizales. La disponibilidad de forraje fue similar entre los diferentes tipos de pastizales, debido a la época de estudio y a que los componentes medidos en el pastizal tuvieron un efecto compensatorio, así mismo fue mejor el aprovechamiento en los pastos Kikuyo y la Asociación Ryegrass-Treból frente a Ryegrass. La producción de leche fue superior en Kikuyo muy probablemente por su mejor estructura.The research was carried out at the IrquisExperimental Farm belonging to the University of Cuenca, Azuay province, Ecuador, at 2,663 meters above sea level with the following coordinates 1773890 E and 9659302 N, it is temperate climate, temperature between 8 and 14 ° C, relative humidity 80% and a rainfall of 639 mm / year. The research was carried out during 16 weeks, between the months of December 2018 to March 2019. The animal response was determined as milk production based on three botanical composition patterns, with a predominance of Kikuyo, in another with a predominance of Ryegrass and in another with an Association of these and White Clover. The structure of the grasslands was determined. The availability of forage was similar between the different types of grasslands, due to the time of study and that the components measured in the grassland had a compensatory effect, likewise the utilization in the Kikuyo pastures and the Ryegrass-Treból Association was better compared to Ryegrass. Milk production was higher in Kikuyo, most likely due toits better structure

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially