Pooled Analysis of Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated From Urine Cultures in Turkey: Comparison of 1997–2001 and 2002–2007 Periods

WOS: 00026328780028

Oral fosfomycin for treatment of urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Fosfomycin is increasingly called upon for the treatment of multi drug-resistant (MDR) organisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI). We reviewed oral fosfomycin use for UTI treatment in a large UK hospital. The primary goal was to audit our clinical practice against current national guidelines. Secondary aims were to identify factors associated with treatment failure, and to investigate the potential for using fosfomycin in patients with co-morbidities. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 75 adult patients with UTI who received 151 episodes of treatment with fosfomycin from March 2013 to June 2015. We collected clinical data from our electronic patient record, and microbiology data pre- and post- fosfomycin treatment. We recorded additional data for patients receiving prolonged courses in order to make a preliminary assessment of safety and efficacy. We also reviewed >18,000 urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. processed by our laboratory over the final year of our study period to determine the prevalence of fosfomycin resistance. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in fosfomycin treatment episodes over the course of the study period. Co-morbidities were present in 71 % of patients. The majority had E. coli infection (69 %), of which 59 % were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producers. Klebsiella infections were more likely than E. coli to fail treatment, and more likely to be reported as fosfomycin resistant in cases of relapse following treatment. There were no adverse events in five patients treated with prolonged fosfomycin. Among all urinary isolates collected over a year, fosfomycin resistance was documented in 1 % of E. coli vs. 19 % of Klebsiella spp. (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We report an important role for oral fosfomycin for MDR UTI treatment in a UK hospital population, and based on the findings from this study, we present our own local guidelines for its use. We present preliminary data suggesting that fosfomycin is safe and effective for use in patients with complex comorbidities and over prolonged time periods, but may be less effective against Klebsiella than E. coli

Post-Covid-19 Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Objectives The long-term consequences of COVID-19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction after hospitalisation for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicentre, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated on hospital admission and after 1, 6 and 12 months post hospitalisation. Gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results The study included 2183 hospitalised patients. The primary analysis included a total of 883 patients (614 patients with COVID-19 and 269 controls) due to the exclusion of patients with pre-existing gastrointestinal symptoms and/or surgery. At enrolment, gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent among patients with COVID-19 than in the control group (59.3% vs 39.7%, p < 0.001). At the 12-month follow-up, constipation and hard stools were significantly more prevalent in controls than in patients with COVID-19 (16% vs 9.6%, p=0.019 and 17.7% vs 10.9%, p=0.011, respectively). Compared with controls, patients with COVID-19 reported higher rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) according to Rome IV criteria: 0.5% versus 3.2%, p=0.045. Factors significantly associated with IBS diagnosis included history of allergies, chronic intake of proton pump inhibitors and presence of dyspnoea. At the 6-month follow-up, the rate of patients with COVID-19 fulfilling the criteria for depression was higher than among controls. Conclusion Compared with controls, hospitalised patients with COVID-19 had fewer problems of constipation and hard stools at 12 months after acute infection. Patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher rates of IBS than controls

The fourth case of Veillonella parvula meningoencephalitis diagnosed by stereotactic brain biopsy

Introduction: Veillonella parvula is a small, nonfermentative anaerobic gram-negative coccus. Meningitidis due to V. parvula seen extremely rare. Here we want to report the fourth case with meningoencephalitis due to V. parvula and emphasize the significance of brain biopsy in encephalitis cases with unknown ethiology. Case report: A 64-year-old male admitted to the emergency room with a frontal and bitemporal headache. On physical examination, the patient was concious and oriented, his reaction time was prolonged. There was no focal neurological deficit, fever and meningeal signs. The magnetic resonance imaging scan showed hyperintensity on the T2-FLAR weighted sequences and diffusion restriction at the same place, concordant with encephalitis. On the third day of admission, oromandibular focal motor seizures were observed. Wecould not define any microbiological agent by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Stereotactic brain biopsy performed and the bacterial culture of the biopsy material grew V. parvula. Discussion: We reported the fourth V. parvula encephalitis case in the literature. The aim of this case report is to emphasize that brain biopsy should be considered in patients with encephalitis of unknown etiology. © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

Nitrofurantoin in the treatment of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase- producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infection

PubMed ID: 23063743The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrofurantoin (NFT) in the treatment of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli-related lower urinary tract infection (LUTI). The hospital records of all patients aged &gt;18 years with dysuria or problems with frequency or urgency in passing urine, &gt;20 leukocytes/mm3 in urine microscopy and culture-proven ESBL-producing NFT-sensitive E. coli in the urine (&gt;105 CFU/mm3), no leukocytosis or fever and who were treated with NFT between January 2006 and May 2011 in our outpatient clinic or in the hospital were evaluated. All patients had received a NFT 50 mg capsule every 6 h for 14 days and had a control urine culture taken 7-9 days after therapy. Clinical success was defined as resolution of symptoms at the control visit, and microbiological success was defined as a sterile control urine culture. A total of 75 patients (mean ± standard deviation age, 54 ± 17 years; 45 females, 30 males, all but 14 with complicated LUTI) fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Overall clinical and microbiological success rates were 69% (52/75) and 68% (51/75), respectively. Control urine culture performed 28-31 days after the end of therapy was available in 31/51 patients (61%) with microbiological success. Re-infection and relapse rates were 6.5% (2/31) and 3.2% (1/31), respectively. In conclusion, these results suggest that NFT may be an alternative in the treatment of ESBL-producing E. coli-related LUTI. This is the first study in which NFT was used in the treatment of LUTI due to ESBL-producing E. coli as well as in patients with complicated UTI. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved

Missed opportunities in HIV diagnosis: preliminary results

[No Abstract Available

Bibliometric analysis of publications in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology areas: Which coutries led in 1996-2011 and 2011 periods?

WOS: 00020970400051

Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage and mini-bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients

PubMed ID: 21358222Background: Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is commonly used to help diagnose and characterize pneumonia in these patients. Mini-BAL is a less-invasive, less-costly and less-cumbersome diagnostic tool than BAL. Objectives: In this study, we compared the diagnostic value of BAL and mini-BAL in the evaluation of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients with respiratory failure. Methods: Sixty-four respiratory samples were collected from 32 immunocompromised patients admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. A single BAL sample and a single mini-BAL sample were collected from each patient. Samples were examined for bacteriologic, mycologic, mycobacteriologic, and viral organisms. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.0 ± 14.4 years. Of the 32 BAL samples, bacterial isolates were detected in 11 patients (34.4%) and on the other hand bacterial isolates were detected in 10 patients (31.3%) of the mini-BAL samples. Fungal isolates were detected in 11 patients (34.4%) from BAL samples and 13 patients (40.6%) from mini-BAL samples. Our analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between the results of BAL and mini-BAL testing (r = 0.850 and r = 0.821, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the isolation rates of bacteria and fungi in BAL and mini-BAL samples obtained from immunocompromised patients with pneumonia and respiratory failure. The data strongly support the use of mini-BAL sampling in such patients as a less-invasive, less-costly and simpler alternative to traditional BAL. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel

Missed opportunities in HIV diagnosis: preliminary results

[No Abstract Available